英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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)o`|t 一般时
5D8V)i = Bcwd7+ 进行时
X=USQj\ A 1Jg&L~Ws" 完成时
+)k%jIi! /oKa?iT 完成进行时
V|e9G,z~A Cp`) *P2 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
[~m@'/ HJ?p,V q5_ 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
&\#If: 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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C 0/>R should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
XZde}zUWn 一般过去时的用法
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0Mpc#:a%1 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
aMKi`EW When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
OPOL-2<wiy Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
d#xi_L! J:LwO 2）句型：
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_ It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
MWTzJGRT It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
(Qq;ySZ# It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
Q{-T;T It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
p?F%a;V3 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
TK^9!3 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
$fZVh% P(AcDG6K 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
n1n->l*HGP I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
xNDX(_U>\ 1@" L 比较：
P5,X,-eG 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
|h Gi8 Christine was an invalid all her life.
9?W!E_ (含义：她已不在人间。)
%z1y3I|`[t Christine has been an invalid all her life.
6[wA X (含义：她现在还活着)
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=d> Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
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(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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K, Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
>Vp # ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
* F[;D7sZ~ 4l) Q 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
Y9^;TQ+# 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Xh'_Vx{.j` Did you want anything else?
\M(#FS I wondered if you could help me.
iH&BhbRu_ 2）情态动词 could, would.
bSbUf%LKt Could you lend me your bike?
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} 一般将来时
0{0 A,;b dJ/(u&N ;giW 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
H6fR6Kr4j will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
*U{E[<k{ Which paragraph shall I read first.
estDW1i) Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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d,0*(</ 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
'5:P,1tW U a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
ueimTX k What are you going to do tomorrow?
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uro b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
,?zIt6Z the play is going to be produced next month。
Hf^Tok^6@] c. 有迹象要发生的事
L EM^8G]O Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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t2 $h CPmiI 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
!uno!wUIYd We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
0 lyCk } c `U~Y{f_!H 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
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He is about to leave for Beijing.
%uV bI'n) 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
g;M\4 o 现在进行时
Nvef+L,v TNv E26.( I{V1Le4? Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
@|2}*_3\ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
7+h*&f3> She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
4-YX Xi} c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
uy,ySBY the leaves are turning red.
J W5SBt> It's getting warmer and warmer.
.W>8bg'u9 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
B-OuBS,fwC You are always changing your mind.
!`VO#_TJ fGv`.T _d 典型例题
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Oe My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
.%@=,+nqz A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
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/7&$ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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Yo j=^b' dyL 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
biFN]D '9,14e6 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
Y=gj{]4 `;^% t 3) 常用的时间状语
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{ntF this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
==psPyLF@ Q7y6</4f HA{-XPAWZ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
Kis\Rg It was raining when they left the station.
7p?6j)rj When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
MwxfTH"wi Ne]/ sQ0 典型例题
|Hbe]2"x> 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Av *R(d=` A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
@= c{GA j 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
t|*PC xDBEs* 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
I `44}oJ read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
TJ9,c2d+ 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
%r5&CUE5? 比较过去时与现在完成时
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S 一般过去时的时间状语:
*DX6m yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
,{c9Lv%@J (j u-r*0 共同的时间状语:
F Tt7o'U this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
1!\!3xa V as
R6 ,k 现在完成时的时间状语
$*%Ml+H- for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
dUn8Xqj1 不确定的时间状语
kq:,}f c;B _]tR1T5e 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
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过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
JBE'B Q@ 举例：
'oTcx Jx I saw this film yesterday.
y wk; （强调看的动作发生过了。）
rK~362|mo I have seen this film.
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l\O9D +$ （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
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Why did you get up so early?
fB"3R-H?O （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
5S$HDO& Who hasn't handed in his paper?
N>Y`>5 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
#X"\:yN She has returned from Paris.
KN~E9oGs 她已从巴黎回来了。
{L$b$u$ 7: She returned yesterday.
2k"a% #H8 她是昨天回来了。
N,'JQch},8 He has been in the League for three years.
2I ?HBz1v (在团内的状态可延续)
4>Uo0NfL He has been a League member for three years.
~uC4>+dk (是团员的状态可持续)
l,*Q?q He joined the League three years ago.
h#]} J}si ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
<?qmB }Y I have finished my homework now.
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t w1 > G:WMocyXI' ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
#4na>G| ---He's already been sent for.
$o]zNW;X 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
.j}u'!LKul （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
fwsq: （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
