英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
x)prI6YMv\ Z*kZUx7I< 一般时
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huB<^ wg{Y6X yH 进行时
^SJa/I EZ. 1IeB_t 完成时
/GU%{nT F^}n7h= qk 完成进行时
:}[[G2|9 S X6P>:` 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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二、十六种时态的谓语形势
q kh.? ~ 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
!#H ca should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
d$*SVd : 一般过去时的用法
!e(ZEV g G8ksm2 } 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
:>GT<PPD; When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Mb[4G>-v= Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
zV=(e( [ ?.&?4*u 2）句型：
4,g3
c It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
y$7@ ~NH,d It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
!B\[Q$ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
!WReThq It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
_ Oe|ZQ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
.1C|J I'd rather you came tomorrow.
tXIre-. 2} K\GIh8L 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
P!)k 4n I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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>"[ 比较：
@tLoU% 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
y[!4M+jj Christine was an invalid all her life.
xR, ;^R|C (含义：她已不在人间。)
XU#nqvS` . Christine has been an invalid all her life.
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uQ (含义：她现在还活着)
I({ 7a i Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
s!E-+Gw (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Ueyt}44.e2 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
" lf_`4 ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
r} ~ l( 'c<@SVF{Zz 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
VrokEK*qbY 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
NW9k. D% Did you want anything else?
1*x4T%RF$ I wondered if you could help me.
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Vwj|[0k 2）情态动词 could, would.
+G_6Ek4 Could you lend me your bike?
LE Y Y{G? 一般将来时
ZX. VzZS XY| -qd}A S @ 7A) 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
ii*Ty!Sa will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
b}$m!c:<8 Which paragraph shall I read first.
&fj&UB A Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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B0C zoOm[X=?3 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
)}c $ n a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
(cYc03" What are you going to do tomorrow?
(U`7[F b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
[-$&pB>w8' the play is going to be produced next month。
=QyO$:t c. 有迹象要发生的事
oqDW}>. Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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' i}<R >]S 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
6w}:w ?=6 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4g1u9Sc0 ooZ7HTP| 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
A{6ZEQAh> He is about to leave for Beijing.
&7DE$ S 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
+]]wf'w 现在进行时
jSY j+k D}"GrY 5 =_yOX=g| Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
//+UQgl6 (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
+&?VA!}. She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
,Fr{i1Ky c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
u8 <=FV3 the leaves are turning red.
5e2m EQU > It's getting warmer and warmer.
Y*}Sq|y d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
;C"J5RA You are always changing your mind.
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典型例题
5;^8 wh( My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
d=5D 9' + A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
k Dv)g 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
}]s~L9_z[' 过去进行时
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1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
Z?x]HB`r 1_p'0lFe 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
F@I_sGCcb q@!:<Ra,){ 3) 常用的时间状语
Z E\t{s0 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
w}1)am &pD /d=$,q1 E+2y-B)E My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
r"Bf@va It was raining when they left the station.
*@ o3{0[Z When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
67g/(4 & i Bi/9 典型例题
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@ 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Ww p^dx`! A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
Yx%%+c?. 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
4J_%quxO VO`A 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
3edAI&a5 read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
6:!fyi a 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
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V{$),k 比较过去时与现在完成时
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6 )` 6)$_2G%Zq 一般过去时的时间状语:
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LBw0 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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# o7+/v70D 共同的时间状语:
(`NRF6'&1L this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
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! #r:`bQ0; 现在完成时的时间状语
,fw[ J for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
hvyN8We 不确定的时间状语
{dwV-qz W!k6qTz) 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
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I Vp 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
ge[i&,.&z 举例：
C\^K6,m5 I saw this film yesterday.
h 3&:"*A2 （强调看的动作发生过了。）
o zYI/b^ I have seen this film.
Z|
c9%., （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
arP+(1U Why did you get up so early?
1,T9HpM （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
|pqpF?h5| Who hasn't handed in his paper?
r!^\ Q7 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
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5[xJH She has returned from Paris.
;ZJ,l)BNO 她已从巴黎回来了。
|S{P`)z%f She returned yesterday.
1Ol]^ 'y7) 她是昨天回来了。
Y14R"*t~ He has been in the League for three years.
0*?XQV@ (在团内的状态可延续)
SN(=e#ljE He has been a League member for three years.
:dN35Y] a (是团员的状态可持续)
h50StZ8Yr He joined the League three years ago.
xbC8Amo;8" ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
e@=[+iJc I have finished my homework now.
eC?/l*gF 3 J&:W4\ m ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
<IyLLQ+v ---He's already been sent for.
i\;&CzC: 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
id+m [']+ （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
M/a/H=J （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
