英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
)LyojwY_g Iy yh !MVF 一般时
*Q, 0W:~- kP?KXT3y 进行时
Mz L1 Bh!M 1u6^z 完成时
ka 3u&3" ~SnSEhE 完成进行时
Et/&^&=\- |0%+wB 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
IzpZwx^3'' ?G -e](]^< 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
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一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
u,w :SM@*( should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
EeF'&zE- 一般过去时的用法
d{E}6)1= (owrdP T! 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
&Y^WP?HS When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
N+ y&,N, Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
gR}35:$Z- Xt'sQ} 2）句型：
sn?]n~z It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
>G~R,{6U It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
]( ^(=% It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
6O}`i>/6M It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
b/Xbs0q would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
ZE/o?4k*c1 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
UF@XK"> W[^qa5W<FB 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
PxfY&;4n! I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
xQ'2BAEa jvQ*t_L 比较：
Q;D0<Bv 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
w &%~3Cz. Christine was an invalid all her life.
pm9%%M$ (含义：她已不在人间。)
gL3"Gg3 Christine has been an invalid all her life.
wW p(yvz (含义：她现在还活着)
+|ycvHd Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
e~"fn*" (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Bk+{RN(w Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
dzkw$m^@^ ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
_{ZqO;[u 1Zi,b 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
=k oSUVO0 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
A|@_}h"WG Did you want anything else?
]7rj/l$ u I wondered if you could help me.
3ux0 Jr2yT 2）情态动词 could, would.
"hy.GWF|* Could you lend me your bike?
@GvztVYo 一般将来时
{b@KYR9K np 4+" c hEn |>~ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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" will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
?Q72 ;/$ Which paragraph shall I read first.
2r 6'O6v Will you be at home at seven this evening?
^7.h%lSg 36n>jS& 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
h)me\U7UC a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
wm+})SOX9 What are you going to do tomorrow?
/By)" b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
1U,1)<z~u the play is going to be produced next month。
9Mgq1Z c. 有迹象要发生的事
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lI x%l Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
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|Xsb *;XWLd# 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
@p|$/Z%R, We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
_0 m\[t. {b PV)RL: 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
Ea( ,aVlj He is about to leave for Beijing.
w ;e(Gb%9 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
lW 81q2n 现在进行时
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<@ _qWliw: 0# Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
9Ok9bC'?8@ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
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& She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
%5* @l vy c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
5IKL#V `3a the leaves are turning red.
wJlX4cT4YV It's getting warmer and warmer.
"EV!>^Z d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
gf+d!c(/ You are always changing your mind.
c={Ft* N |([R'Orm 典型例题
|7@O( $ b My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
Yif *"oO A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
_P?\.W@ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
4eH.9t 过去进行时
aJqeD'\> ggb |Ew 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
ueG|*[ UMN*]_'+;b 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
s4H2/EC [/R M=4Nh5 3) 常用的时间状语
l?*r5[O>n this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
Wn|&c G9 J g$xO@ . Ov82ibp_1 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
iGXBqUQ: It was raining when they left the station.
j*;N\;iL!* When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
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L:7/ Wd(86idnc 典型例题
DW(~Qdk 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
1f (DU4h A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
GQ_Ia\ 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
Dmdy=&G r SV gWr8 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
%|XE#hw read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
{fSf q&o 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
@\Js8[wS9@ 比较过去时与现在完成时
+1; 'B4 hh.Q\qhubB D!T ZI +'03>!V 一般过去时的时间状语:
v
i {uy yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
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& CHaE;olo 共同的时间状语:
yi!`V. this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
6/mF2&&g s\0K o1 现在完成时的时间状语
i</J @0}y for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
.]76!(fWZ 不确定的时间状语
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X 5G;,_ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
#o[\Dwu 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
jQtSwVDr 举例：
V_a)jJ I saw this film yesterday.
F=&;Y@t （强调看的动作发生过了。）
Q_}/ Pn$1 I have seen this film.
93w~.p （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
MD'>jO ;n Why did you get up so early?
|f NMs （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
l_ +A5Xy Who hasn't handed in his paper?
:)P<jX-G （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
=s[ &;B`s She has returned from Paris.
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= 她已从巴黎回来了。
En5!"w|j She returned yesterday.
xv0M 她是昨天回来了。
.5g}rxO8 He has been in the League for three years.
QHQj/)J8 (在团内的状态可延续)
+"L$ed(=nJ He has been a League member for three years.
(2%>jg0M (是团员的状态可持续)
ahp1!=Z-= He joined the League three years ago.
4 = Fg!Eu< ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
cV ]y=q 6 I have finished my homework now.
lO &cCV; =>YvA>izE ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
e\ ~l!f'z ---He's already been sent for.
BkT-m'I? 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
A\ C'dZ <N （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
R HXvee55 （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
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