英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
_Sr7b#)o *OG<+#*\_? 一般时
Jw;~ $ )[Tm[o?Y. 进行时
L3, /7 :2? g_ 完成时
kw#X,h P oe|#!SM( 完成进行时
=OH X5:Z bej(Ds0 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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{@- 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
/4an@5.\C 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
wXQxZuk[ should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
,eyh%k*hz 一般过去时的用法
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o+ 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
GT P'js When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
EK';\} Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
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\[U gh [:y:_ECs6 2）句型：
m)Plv+R} It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
0caZ_-zU It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
'=_(fa, It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
9J3fiA_ It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
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S 'z]T9 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
;4rhh h& I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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dN4+ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
*S,~zOYN I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
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4 bk0>f 比较：
53i]Q;k [ 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
b@Oq}^a&o Christine was an invalid all her life.
2aYBcPFQh# (含义：她已不在人间。)
mku@n;Hl_ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
W" NI^OX (含义：她现在还活着)
V
0B l6 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
hXTfmFy{n (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
!VGG2N8 Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
FNQ<k[#K'~ ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
` c *#=Ij r~ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
QG5WsuT 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Kip&YB%rk Did you want anything else?
y[_ k/ .1 I wondered if you could help me.
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2）情态动词 could, would.
?bZH A ed Could you lend me your bike?
8 .%0JJ .3 一般将来时
:q9! {- Y;! `ASDUgx Mq 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
-UhpPw 6 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
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Q Which paragraph shall I read first.
~o'1PAW7 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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z _&E 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
b mG`:_ a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
pD{ OB What are you going to do tomorrow?
KF rsXf b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
DDrR9}k the play is going to be produced next month。
qAjtvc2 c. 有迹象要发生的事
{ )" 3 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
si0}b~t #UM,)b H 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
alb3oipOB We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
< 6 Q^o[L ,.)wCZ,wca 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
o#qdgZ He is about to leave for Beijing.
`D+zX 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
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7[ 现在进行时
#T)Gkc"{ T@W: @,34 R~g|w4a@sC Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
\+o \wTW (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
45yP {+/-Q She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3fOOT7!FL c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
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h(ea the leaves are turning red.
LW1 4 'A} It's getting warmer and warmer.
NM. e4 d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
H!;N0",]N You are always changing your mind.
//8W"> u !U` 4 典型例题
cK$yr)7 My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
\,;glY=M! A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
W2{w<<\$3} 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
8\{!*?9! 过去进行时
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P +^7cS6"L 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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i-iA_q - (s0 f 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
uEgR>X> S?v/diK ]J 3) 常用的时间状语
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& this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
5*z>ez2YQ7 I"&cr>\ -VohU-6 | My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
q^[t</_ N It was raining when they left the station.
~<k>07 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
+s#%\:Y M ^fF#Ej1 典型例题
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J0 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
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6 <P A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
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izB 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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: 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
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J read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
inW7t2p<s 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
6vNW)1{nn 比较过去时与现在完成时
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y4EJ 4`?PtRX |ts0j/A]Pi 3?E7\\/R 一般过去时的时间状语:
+kWWx #L# yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
TqJ @l O n0!>-b, 共同的时间状语:
[ w}- )&c this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
A^}# ~Jf(M ^E 现在完成时的时间状语
gI7*zR 4D for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
(pH) QG 不确定的时间状语
l]wfL;u l4 DBGZB 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
qBF|' .$^ 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
QE /kR!r 举例：
]$#bNt/p I saw this film yesterday.
=
V')}f~C （强调看的动作发生过了。）
j f4<LmR I have seen this film.
:PV3J0pB~ （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
BqJ|l7+ Why did you get up so early?
ZeG4z({af （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
%KF I~Qk Who hasn't handed in his paper?
N?c~AEk9U （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
xw{K,; WeO She has returned from Paris.
=zH)R0!eG 她已从巴黎回来了。
cQ$[Ba She returned yesterday.
XR V~yBIS 她是昨天回来了。
K!AA4!eUzM He has been in the League for three years.
j#3IF *" (在团内的状态可延续)
MMO /v JC He has been a League member for three years.
%>/&&(BE (是团员的状态可持续)
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5| He joined the League three years ago.
aAP86MHO ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
n?c[ E+i; I have finished my homework now.
}@.@k6`n Dy5 &-yk ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
'_Q';T_n99 ---He's already been sent for.
G _q t~U 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
2f{p$YIt （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
vH}VieU （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
