英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
u+I3IdU3 NS7@8 #C 一般时
_Wm(/ +G_| u(8 _[/_B 进行时
jN 31\)/i [SCw<<l< 完成时
Z[ a O_6L I++W0wa.n 完成进行时
q :TZ =bs^ V<7R_}^_7 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
H @_eFlT t ^t\k LU 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
(! xg$Kz@ 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
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3 should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
Ul '~opf 一般过去时的用法
s$f+/H s &eThH,w$2 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
k)N2 +/ When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
EO4 " Z@ji Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
|HaU3E*R 3S[ w' 2）句型：
D}zOuB,S It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
k) H[Xp M It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
S/@dkH I' It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
-D !#W%y8 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
Ck ~V 5 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
v\vE^|-\/ I'd rather you came tomorrow.
uznoyj6g t x:rj6 -z 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
"/4s8.dw+u I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
{ED(O -W s`8M%ZLu 比较：
w\"n!^ms 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
R$!;J?SS Christine was an invalid all her life.
^}i5 0SG:y (含义：她已不在人间。)
& rl]$Mtt Christine has been an invalid all her life.
uPv;y!Lsa@ (含义：她现在还活着)
68&6J's; Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
:$SRG^7md (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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"L){$ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
]YisZE4s ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
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I Z ,|1G6f@ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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w 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Ckl7rpY+ Did you want anything else?
y~]I Vl" I wondered if you could help me.
W%cj3 9$ 2）情态动词 could, would.
_ e:5XQ Could you lend me your bike?
e6{[o@aM{ 一般将来时
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.WL\:{G8; L#7)X5a__ 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
( l3UNP will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
s{"`=dKT Which paragraph shall I read first.
/c_kj2& ]9 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
b2}QoJ@` m]-v IUpb 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
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|k a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
CD8J Y iJ What are you going to do tomorrow?
MuFU?3ovG* b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
7+D'W 7Yx the play is going to be produced next month。
h87L8qh9 c. 有迹象要发生的事
OU)p)Y_z Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
k[r./xEv+t +QXYU8bYZ 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
F)E7(Un`8 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
WB=<W#?w7% w371.84 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
U7*VIRibv+ He is about to leave for Beijing.
S,"ChR 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
St3(1mApl 现在进行时
j0pvLZjM )HzITsFZKT >Rki[SNb-b Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
~\)&{ ' (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
&Xl_sDvt She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
m| ERf 2- c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
LHHDt<+B the leaves are turning red.
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5j It's getting warmer and warmer.
QnP?; d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
B'gk/^6$eg You are always changing your mind.
L$TKO,T %\{?(baOA 典型例题
^d5. /M8Bd My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
3 ?|; on A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
$jeDVH 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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zp 过去进行时
B> " r -O %*Z2Gef?H 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
J|2H qd n"d) 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
Q RmQ> v$Y1+Ep9 3) 常用的时间状语
g 2 { ?EP this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
U9p.Dh~)vG hzPB~obC = 3v
1]7 X My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
W$MEbf%1 It was raining when they left the station.
seV;f^-hR When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
wyzBkRg. 6$vh qg}f 典型例题
! lN a` 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
rPGE-d 3 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
6 k=Wt7C 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
-MW(={# rR G\:<a 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
iN/!k.ybW} read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
_DvPF~ 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
H6C Gc0NS+ 比较过去时与现在完成时
%b%<g%@i yY-t4WeXP ABe^]HlH AXv;r< 一般过去时的时间状语:
VJtTbt;> yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
~rJw$v )qP{X,Uf 共同的时间状语:
T2_#[bk*d this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
70*iJ^| !#gE'(J;c 现在完成时的时间状语
;OCI.S8 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
PEn^.v @ 不确定的时间状语
z,x"vK( tBI+uu aa2 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
)MW}!U9G 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
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]Y 举例：
+|)#yE$aMh I saw this film yesterday.
: It W| （强调看的动作发生过了。）
z'D{:q I have seen this film.
8+cpNX （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
$D\l%y/C Why did you get up so early?
bYB}A : （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
p[cL# fBz Who hasn't handed in his paper?
Vg~
kpgB （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
:;Rt#! She has returned from Paris.
iT9Ex9RL 她已从巴黎回来了。
zd
4y5/aoS She returned yesterday.
& u\z
T
P 她是昨天回来了。
%FFm[[nxI He has been in the League for three years.
Tv)y
} (在团内的状态可延续)
:bDn.`KG# He has been a League member for three years.
LVl0:!>~ (是团员的状态可持续)
K f^F#dA He joined the League three years ago.
2Wf qgR [3 ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
xxcDd_z I have finished my homework now.
je3n'^m LK/V ]YG ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
7[0k5- ---He's already been sent for.
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4H 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
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n<M （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
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B[ ]O$@ （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
