该错题常考要点 :bW}*0b-
一、代词 @?3u|m |Z
代词中主要讲解六个问题 X;v/$=-mz
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 %xyt4}-)m
主格、宾格、所有格 \5k[ "8~
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) N3MMxm_u
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(二) 反身代词 -mO[;lO
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 CP |N2rb
He killed himself. (他自杀了) ]b
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He killed him. (他杀了他) W.-[ceM
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating )mB+#T<k-
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a series of indicators that could help W~POS'1
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themselves to predict earthquakes. 'vhgR2/
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 <o3e0JCq
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 I6M 7xn
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 gvr"F
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 y)"aQJ>
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies ..Zuy|?w
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ?>1AT==wI
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Pacific. % rRYT8
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 ,LSF@1|Fx
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 -=&r}/&
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: WQ\' z?P
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 f h)Cz)
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined k v,'9z
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the word“normalcy”to express social and N0O8to}V
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economic conditions they promised the nation. p
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 SuB;Nb7r`
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important SZpBbX$
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John SpdQ<]
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Keats, published the year of her death.
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. :7KcD\fCj
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(四) Who和which的区别 yd$_XWp?\
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 BD&Jb
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who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 c/DB"_}!a
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who )[|TxXz
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 12U1DEd>-
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 )cJ9YKKy
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 yw `w6Z3K
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(五) that和which的区别 K'kWL[Ut!
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 bCHJLtDQ
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it as=Z_a:0N
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. /FJ )gQYA
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 Xb6X'rY
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 -7,xjn
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, 8;K'7
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Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when >Vc;s!R
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
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way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which Mhp6,JL
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly ;}"!|
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. {ZQ|Ydpk
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 qM
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has 3"afrA
affected the way people in the United States----. ?=$=c8xw
(A) living and working 0*$? =E
(B) they live and work 6WUP#c@{
(C) live and work rUgTJx&ds
(D) to live and to work =, kH(rp2
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 fP 4
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