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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 :bW}*0b-  
一、代词 @?3u|m |Z  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 X;v/$=-mz  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 %xyt4}-)m  
  主格、宾格、所有格 \5k[ "8~  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) N3MMxm_u  
g/mVd;#o  
(二) 反身代词 -mO[;lO  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 CP|N2rb  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) ]b .@i&M  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) W.-[ceM  
0LrTYrlj  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  )mB+#T<k-  
    A                 B    4M6o+WV  
  a series of indicators that could help W~POS'1  
             C      3 {\b/NL$  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. 'vhgR2/  
    D xQ* U9Wt;T  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 <o3e0JCq  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 I6M 7xn  
z=N'evx~  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 gv r "F  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 y)"aQJ>  
M9_ y>N[0  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies ..Zuy|?w  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ?>1AT ==wI  
     A   B      C          D ]chcRc[!  
  Pacific. % rRYT8  
o`+6E q0w  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 ,LSF@1|Fx  
2rB$&>}T  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 -=&r}/&  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: WQ\'z?P  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 f h)Cz)  
aG%KiJ7KEN  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined k v,'9z  
                       A   H2BD5  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and N0O8to}V  
             B \tye:!a?;@  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. p Z/x,b#.  
   C       D 54_CewL1P]  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 SuB;Nb7r`  
8Focs p2  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important SZpBbX$  
        A     N$aLCX  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John SpdQ<]  
   B        C      >)=FS.?]  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  Y#{ L}  
      D e4b`C>>  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. :7K cD\fCj  
U; JZN  
Yz us=  
(四) Who和which的区别 yd$_XW p?\  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 BD&Jb H!(  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 c/DB"_}!a  
6{B$_Usg  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who )[|TxXz d  
              A            B &W`."  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 12U1DEd>-  
   C                  D T?4MFx#  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 )cJ9YKKy  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 yw `w6Z3K  
0-M.>fwZ=  
(五) that和which的区别 K'kWL[Ut!  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 bCHJLtDQ  
qF C0$:z&  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it as=Z_a:0N  
              A        B _CN5,mLNRk  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. /FJ )gQYA  
      C              D JnQ5r>!>3  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 Xb6X'rY  
1 41@$mMzE  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 -7,xjn  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, 8;K'7 7h  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when >Vc;s !R  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.  =z`#n}v  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which Mhp6,JL  
~iI4v#0  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly ;}"!|  
              A         B   x8 :  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. {ZQ|Ydpk  
         C      D uvC ![j^~  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 qM %l  
EAafi <n  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  3"afrA  
  affected the way people in the United States----. ?=$=c8xw  
   (A) living and working 0*$?=E  
   (B) they live and work 6WUP#c@{  
   (C) live and work rUgTJx&ds  
   (D) to live and to work =, kH(rp2  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 fP 4  
k6.<zs0  
二、介词 VaKBS/y"  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 &IYSoA"Nz  
!| ObNS  
(一) 介词搭配 =VXxQ\{  
Z'/sZ3Q}  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those Qmbl_#  
    A         B   C      ; (0<5LQ  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. .]gY{_|x  
                D Zq[aC0%+  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 iH&BhbRu_  
..u2IdEu  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. t^ax:6;"|  
A       B     C  D #0*OkZMt  
分析:B错改为be rich in qC|$0  
b Ag>;e(  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the ?|}%A9   
    A         B      C )TH~Tq:  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. LA\)B"{J  
             D P%%[_6<%M  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 \7l% @  
WJXQM[  
vH`m W`=  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 >wPMJ> 2  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 8r|5l~`8  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. zLeId83>  
          A      B  C     D WZ#|?pJ  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 moe5H  
+0)zB;~7  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has VlLc[eVV  
                 A  B      oJ<Wh @  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on [p 6#fG *  
      C ?n]e5R(cj  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. ;:0gN|+  
      D y%9Q]7&=  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 $AI0&#NM  
 `LWZ!Q  
2、介词by NbDfD3 1GK  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by Gkfc@[Z V  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing JW`Kh*,~<  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States 1|PmZPKq9n  
    A         B       %s#`i$|z*n  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. (ex^=fv  
   C     D  fK$N|r  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 N%2UL&w#B  
A{7N #-h_  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils w|1Gb[  
   A                      7%(|)3"V  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to i"rrM1/r  
     B    C       D Gn ]%'lrg'  
   supply moccasins and field rations. Nr#Y]9nA  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 K 7x,>  
p2=Sbb  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with <N{pMz  
        A                EmDA\9~@R  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements ;5*)kX  
        B          C   }/Wd9x  
  that are often represented at symbols. @'EP$!c  
              D S*H :/Ip  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 n9zS'VU  
三、谓语动词 h&!k!Su3#  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 /WDz;,X  
①、主谓分割原则 {C%/>e2-%  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, u+]v. Mt  
     A     Qa,^;hZWS  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. cLQvzd:h=  
        B      C      D p6V`b'*>  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 {-rK:*yP'u  
?l_>rSly5  
②、与后者一致原则 .P=uR8  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, O_f|R1G5z  
not only…but also auP:r  
S,5>g07-`  
XM/P2=;  
③、与前者一致原则 q{UP_6O F  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, b`n+[UCPtn  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 ?6    
例:The athlete, together with his coach and SaEe7eHd  
     A      B  C     "F+ 9xf&r  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. h<*l=`#  
         D pBt/vSad  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is oll~|J^sg  
^(8 i` `V  
④、就近原则 J p .wg  
or, either…or, neither…nor, =~Jv*c  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are jh]wHG  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is UD*#!H  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 o})4Jt1vj  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 8Es]WR5 ^  
.jr1<LE  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are #hd<5+$U}l  
        A      B        <uL?7P  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. W.\HfJ74  
    C              D 7F`QN18>(  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 AnPm5i.  
KLq u[{y.'  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 -baGr;,Cu  
There are five apples that are red. OP2!lEs  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 ;k7` `  
;lX:EU  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets l4F4o6:]n  
      A            2O9dU 5b  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. -ihF)^"a  
   B   C    D :M|c,SQK  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 Eg-b5Z);  
2t[c^J  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 )\^o<x2S  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. 9aZ3W<N`M  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 qR]4m]o  
S;ulJ*qv  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 (:+IS W  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: z8Dn<h  
a. there be 句型 ZFW }Vnl  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 Oku4EJFJ  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 J@Zm8r<  
A$XjzTR  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. U%k e 5uwP  
   A     B      C    D    Z(as@gj H  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is K:y q^T7  
i;)g0}x`  
5)$U<^uy  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific {]D!@87  
             A     B    sgX}`JH?z  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 lmmyDg1R  
     C         ljt1:@SN(  
  miles in width. 4`8.\  
     D  Gzp)OHgJ  
分析:倒装句,are改为is lC_zSmT  
W^=89I4]  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and (ZEVbAY?i  
   A    B       C         c(Ha"tBJ  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film  v$tS 2N2  
                    D t9`NCng 5  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. oTa ! F;I  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 0x`:jz`  
q yJpm{  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 /Hx0= I  
fifty percent of + 名词 ,o}[q92@w  
one percent of + 名词 zcZw}  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: wcL0#[ )  
  one percent of my students + are ^|K*lI/  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. AQV3ZVP  
>{??/fBd-  
这里要强调两个结构 ` q@~78`  
half of =fifty percent Q` s(T  
most of + 可数名词 + are )xK!i.  
most of + 不可数名词+ is s24H.>Z  
r9t{/})A  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been }GC{~ SZ4  
   A       B         C   y@Or2bO#  
  found in central and eastern Canada. |kd^]! _  
           D ""a8eB 6  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 n^%u9H  
s-ou;S3s  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized 0x & ^{P~  
                 A   B  i~9)Hz;!  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. |S8pq4eKJ_  
              C     D p4Y 9$(X  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 HkN +:  
hf-S6PEsM  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 P}I*SV 0  
①、主要考察时间状语 **"P A8   
i*tj@5MY-  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. X<{m;T `  
   A        B  C     D G~]BC#nB_  
*k}d@j,*"  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was S=2,jPX2r  
FdqUv% (Em  
2P =;r:cx  
②、For和since的区别 6p@ts`#  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 u& Fm}/x  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 /$=^0v +  
  I has been a teacher for three years. meWAm?8RI  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. Bz{ g4!ku  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 [ZbK)L+_  
Xy{+=UY  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became On^# x]  
   A      B              &g!/@*[Nhh  
  the primary responsibility of the president. ?2TH("hV$  
     C    D 9& j ]  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 (AYD @  
7 ' S]  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of PwW@I~@>  
             A  B  C   *`#,^p`j b  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. [XXN0+ /  
            D YYHm0pc  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 g&>Hy!v,  
Eg*3**gTO  
4B`Rz1QBy  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  (4LLTf0  
   A       B        C     D ^ne8~ ;Q  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live jGn^<T\  
u*{ _WL[(  
(三) 谓语的语态 ">3@<f>  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 @nu/0+8h{  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: `qTY  
①、prove vXbT E$   
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 w|C~{  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; Q8y|:tb$Y  
ozLJ#eOE9  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming wVDB?gy%#  
                      A   .h,xBT`}Ji  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be tHbPd.^  
    B                  C <q\) o_tH  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. p'~5[JR:  
                  D <q2nZI^  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 K/`RZ!  
Jr)`shJ"  
9Z'eBp  
②、Locate,Situate ?bAFYF0!I  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 RWCS u$  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 ~+C?][T  
这两个词也可以用作被动 mndl~/  
  My school was located near the river. UUu-(H-J  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 PMs_K"-K  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. xc.D!Iav  
   (A)locates Wxau]uix  
   (B)locating h6y4Ii  
   (C)to locate FJ8@b  
   (D)is located 1xAFu+  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 < iI6@X>  
D"4&9"CU  
③、表示需要概念的动词 ) Zo_6%  
need, want, require等 ,M.!z@  
7'i#!5  
My watch needed repairing &v5.;8u+OV  
My watch needed to be repaired. OP`Jc$| 6  
[Am`5&J  
④、表示人的情感的动词 !L. K)9I  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 s^YTI\L \  
E\~ KVn  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 `1bX.7K43  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 x X/s1(P  
cPsn] U  
主动和被动技巧总结: ^M"z1B]  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 DwmU fZp  
BBR" HMa4  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the J4v0O="  
                 A      [Z5[~gP3  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, dG-or  
                 B MATgJ`lsy  
  power structures, and flood-control works along ^@`e  
                    C poQdI?ed,  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. 5rml Aq  
                D yw.~trF&%  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 QGr\I/Y  
i&pJg 1  
四、非谓语动词 B3 dA%\'  
n{^<&GWox  
(一) 分词 ~|'y+h 89  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 w}j6 .r  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 j!x<QNNX  
Wm)-zvNY;  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then m0|Ae@g~3  
   A G(As%r]  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. " *w)puD  
     B      C            D ]l=O%Ev  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning F?b'L JS  
6Z(*cf/s  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 5#0A`QO   
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in m<4s* q0\i  
      A               B   (Ffb&GL  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. ls"b#eFC#  
               C         D 8:HSPDU.  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living |66m` <  
As@ihB+(\  
XogvtK*  
一些动词后面必须用doing R}DX(T,K  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 ORowx,(hX  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, cQT1Xi  
 advocate, suggest A\".t=+7  
 delay, quit 5v|H<wPp  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, /Hv* K&}M  
 avoid, escape(逃避) %z*29iKlI  
 spend+名词+doing; jHAWK9fa  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing PZ ys  u  
v9%nau4  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their }{ n\tzR  
   A     B    C              D u_N\iCYp  
  crops. Bul.RCP'  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 F9MR5O"  
r4E`'o[  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, CN7 k?JO<  
               A        B hUVk54~ l  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. $+Vmwd;  
        C          D 0$tjNy e  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing 6sPk:5  
%c]nWR+/  
(二) 不定式 re; Lg C  
A. 动词不定式的省略 7_DG 5n T  
①、help后面可以省略to &K>cW$h=a  
  help do !"Q b}g  
  help sb. to do 5MxH)~VQoM  
|| [89G  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid =_[2n?9y  
              A      B   !\^jt%e&  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. Q!yb16J  
         C     D RU0i#suiz  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 F;u7A]H^  
mzGjRl=O  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 Sk\n;mL:  
  make, il12T`a  
  let, # :#M{1I  
  have sb. do sth iU5P$7.p  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. 7:>sc]Z  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians j$Nf%V 6Y  
        A               B Ry z?v<)h  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. 9@n diu[  
   C     D _1  p DA  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know y7z(&M@  
GRT] aw  
③、感官动词 SWs3SYJ\  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe H\E7o" m  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 BC! 6O/kr  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 hv>KX  
YLOwQj'  
D`pQ7  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 @vRwzc\   
(1)表示第一人 sWHyL(C@  
the first woman to do sth. S`m,S4-eD  
I{ ryD -!  
(2)表示迫使的动词 FI"HJwAs  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do V}" g~=  
2-dh;[4  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis 4w4^yQE  
     A                 B    O9s?h3  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.  D!F 2l_  
       C           D }D*yr3b  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 q .J sf+  
V`#.7uUP  
pKT2^Q}-h  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 Kqg!,Sn|  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 #%$28sxB  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 kn"q:aD  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 epg#HNP7^Y  
  be apt to do 6C [E  
8wK ~ i  
(4)表示目的的名词, " 6CMA 0R  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 9GU]l7C=z  
固定的句式: Y?K{(szo ?  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. {X~ gwoz  
the objective 目标 x Q4%e[/  
aim y<:<$22O  
goal [?k8}B)mHB  
reason理由 S( ^.?z  
function功能 ;dR=tAf0$Q  
intension意图 HKDID[d0  
@? c2)0  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing "IQ/LbOqm_  
                       A  qS| \JG  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. P{Lf5V9# <  
           B          C     D %]2, &  
分析:the function to provide, A错 %McE` 155  
V)(R]BK{  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure =O).Lx2J  
                  A       <{5EdX  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds Om;&_!i  
     B  6!'3oN{  
  that make up various components of a living cell. K%v1xZ  
    C    D 0'YG6(h  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 VHJM*&5  
F8:vDv  
(5) 其他同根名词 ="wzq+U  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 w-wV3Q6X  
 attempt to do 企图 *t[. =_v  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 #P l~R  
 ambition, Szbb_i{_ `  
 be ambitious to do  3b'QLfU&#  
 effort ~cTN~<{dq  
7(5xL T$  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation |7yAX+  
  A                    B   <:SZAAoIV  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. b2b^1{@h;v  
          C       D x=ul&|^7D  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 mEw ~yOW]M  
<B9C*M"4%  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great CC#;c1t  
  A                   B   LaQ-=;(`  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. rM'=_nmi  
       C            D .C8PitS  
分析:efforts to register, C错 {}3${  
6d_'4B  
J ]nohICe  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 n4}B r;%  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 :yUEkm8  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. ;W>k@L  
F(tx)V ~T3  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 zT!drq:x  
I am glad to see you. ;kY(<{2  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. Q_[ 3`j l  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. z^'gx@YD*v  
xai*CY@cQ  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 nih0t^m'  
It is difficult to decide. rJGf .qJJ  
;lHr =e7  
[u cpd  
五、句子的结构 L7dd(^  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 < jJ  
I}1NB3>^  
(一) 主语的重复  ML|FQ  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 }H^+A77v  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any e)d`pQ6  
          A      B      U|jS a,}  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the <0Xf9a8>  
          C          D E|iQc8gr&  
  League of Nations. .+$ Q<L  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 9Z4nAc  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson ]s<[D$ <,  
pH9VTM.*  
`sn^ysp  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are k>;`FFQU>  
        A        B  Q'=x|K#xj  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. y [}.yyye  
    C         D H?yK~bGQ  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 p{r}?a  
,E S0NA  
(二)谓语的重复 >qnko9V  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 d; boIP`M;  
Z^3 rLCa  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  o#3ly-ht  
    A            B    |d{PA.@33  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. j#!IuH\]  
         C   D Tp?7_}tRi  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 ,wQ5.U,  
mE+*)gb:Rd  
(三)谓语的缺少 Ni9/}bb  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body YvaK0p0Z  
          A     B    @LF,O}[2J  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. ;17E(tl  
         C               D "q3ZWNS'w  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 I9|mG'  
'$i: 2mn,  
(四)主句的重复 D+rxT: d  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 3Z>Ux3[  
^pp\bVh2Q]  
>^u2cAi3[  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite Cjn#00  
      A         B        C   Ouk ^O}W6  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. KjD/o?JUr  
     D ?g_3 [Fk  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 )3cAQ'w  
8SMxw~9$  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow E^ B'4  
        A   B       R)c?` :iUB  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. LQ@" Xe]5  
      C    D k R?qb6  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 >xN .F/[K  
) ;EBz  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided 7y.kQI?3  
   A                     B  pIc#L>{E  
  names for towns, only George Washington [*Z;\5&P  
      C #$.;'#u'so  
  is remembered in the name of a state. w2?3wrP3  
          D x`mG<Yt  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 #NQMy:JHD)  
六、比较级和最高级 b!+hH Hv:  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 4j-Xi  
y5vvu>nd  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 jVEGj5F;N  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which q v-8)MSr  
      A               `~cqAs}6]Q  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. R8K&R\  
     B       C           D _?nL+\'V  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 %7hrk  
t^&Cxh  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 RTYvS5 G  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. wH*-(*N "  
     A      B     C  D rm7ANMB:  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 <|HV. O/!  
?4YGT  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere yNPVOp*  
     A       B     C   D ibcRU y0%  
  is the grizzly bear. 8|gIhpO?^  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 KM, \  
jRa43ck  
PrqlTT}Px  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 : 6jbt:  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 x>K Or,f  
}CSDV9).S  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with hE{K=Tz$  
   A           B  U gat1Pz  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. rI{; IDV  
   C                 D \doUTr R  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 #\{l"-  
@mCEHI{P  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 x8 2cT21b  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as %@b0[ZC  
bL`T ySX  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 Pm6p v ;WK  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 (XTG8W sN  
the taller boy c^xIm'eob  
P8:dU(nlW  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 ,_ H: J.ik  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed Z?q] bSIT  
          A            B B3`5O[ 6  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is 6Igz:eX  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. &J]K3w1p  
    C          D x;.Jw 6g  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they n+9=1Oo"  
C3f' {}  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 Tk[ $5u*,  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, Dj?> <@  
  A  B         C     $99n&t$Y  
  the Navajos form largest group. t>RY7C;PuS  
         D net@j#}j-  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 a5^] 20Fa  
 7aRi5  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, 2a)xTA#  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language |^I0dR/w:  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the 2jItq2.>  
RL  XL&  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many +o{R _  
            A      B         C U}[d_f  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. qr^3R&z!}  
            D 1=c\Rr9]  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 49c:V,  
.G. 0WR/2  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the X7 MM2V  
例如:my best friends 4B1v4g 8}  
u%KTNa0  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial 2;`1h[,-^  
            A    B     C $9#H04.x  
  and banking center. xh,qNnGGi  
        D k,6f &#x  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 N^G Mp,8  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 ^ogt+6c  
iN\4gQ!  
4r#= *  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary dr}`H,X"3  
                 A         %D34/=(X  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. Oc#syfO  
    B   C     D = `F(B  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 (,Q7@s  
81F/G5  
七、平行结构 yCR?UH;  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 *b}HNX|  
||= )d&  
&M Qmu,4  
(一) 对等连接词 |Q6.299  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 _\G"9,)u '  
单一式: and, or ,but  .-c4wm}  
相关式: both…and, not … but, u#$]?($}d  
     either …or, neither…nor mt{nm[D!Xp  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as gMmaK0uhS  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, xb~yM%*c  
没有so...as... |(E FY\  
between…and, h$>-.-  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also @/.;Xw]  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, ox~o J|@  
n u[ML  
短语式: as well as XB^'K2  
     rather than (而不是) q 4:o#K#  
     other than (除…之外) =JEv,ZGT3  
     instead of (代替) #ym'AN  
5y [Oj^  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 v\gLWq'  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  *SDs;kg  
       A     B   $aD VG})  
  but he is now living in Detroit. qpP=K $  
       C   D (z {#Eq4  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 /tx]5`#@7]  
}%ojw |  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics UT~4x|b:O  
       A         B QC OM_$y  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford #4Rx]zW^%  
  remained active in city and regional planning. o4F2%0gJ  
          C    D  A@!qv#'  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 n?!">G  
(二)平行的内容 VGy<")8D/  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 y *jp79G  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of h,u, ^ r  
             A         B   Q^9_' t}X  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, ah4N|zJ>v  
         C            D >reU#j  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. VX0 %a@ur  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 mA}TJz  
1Ti f{i,B  
In"ZIKaC  
第二、名词单复数的平行 I#Y22&G1  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 y{B=-\O]  
ed{ -/l~j  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, 5FPM`hLT  
  A     B          C   Drgv`z  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. -e"H ^:  
                 D   wtLO!=B  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 Ytp(aE:  
\j}ZB<.>  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, "+R+6<"  
                   A         B Zgp4`)}:  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. >W=,j)MA  
      C          D 64 wv<r]5j  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have e  }?db  
t9GR69v:?  
第三、时态的平行 n:I,PS0H<  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated fZGX}T<)p-  
                A     L:$ ,v^2  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops D# 9m\o_  
                   B ]!W=^!  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. &)# ihK_  
          C    D #X+JHl  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 0mYXv4 <  
e-})6)XgA  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- wQ:)KjhHH  
  spread from its home in Central America and "=HA Y  
  now grows throughout the tropics. D=A&+6B@-  
   (A) to be    (B) it   wyH[x!QX  
   (C) the     (D) its 1 fp?  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? l5Uiw2  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow { T/[cu<  
\i>?q   
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- \Gef \   
  commercially for their meat and eggs. hk;5w{t}}  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised Q^P}\wb>  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised ^)/0yB  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 rET\n(AJ  
M5 LfRBO  
第四、排列位置的平行 LRxZcxmy  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. ~p6 V,Q  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode dM.f]-g  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  B B{$&Oh  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes x `eo"5.$  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes +uF>2b6'  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 8L=HW G!1  
3GYw+%Z]  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: +%z> H"J.  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 (Bb5?fw  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 AG nxYV"p  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 @Rze| T.  
V;VHv=9`o  
八、词序的颠倒 5+0gR &|j  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 0@0w+&*"@  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 D(op)]8  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage FW;?s+Uyx  
              A    B        {_"<1C  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. >0y'Rgfe  
      C       D    GTPHVp&y  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 #6aW9GO  
?T8}K>a  
HXC ;Np  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 edq4D53  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only 5X$jl;6  
          A      B     pZ{+c  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. 1Faf$J~7|  
    C         D J7$5s  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 Z9ZPr?C=  
a 7 V-C  
nsC3  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 k/_ 59@)  
oG?Xk%7&\  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were 3AtGy'NTp  
          A   B     C   [#vH'y  
  in what is now the United States. B)g[3gQ  
    D 9d659i C  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 !sP {gi#=  
*I.f1lz%*  
所有的系动词分为三大类: S!CC }3zw  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, BoWg0*5xb  
    is, remain, keep, stay, R4cM%l_#W  
    lie, exit(表示位于) _4So{~Gf1  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 $szqy?i 0?  
    become, turn, grow,  skVi Mo  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) D?_Zl;bQ'^  
Qbn"=n2  
第三种,感官动词 Y eo]]i{  
    seem(好像是) _7 L-<  
    look(看起来好像是) K=k"a  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste m}t`FsB.  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 f}f9@>.  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe 4F'LBS]=0  
    A               B     3yF,ak {Sl  
   to cause numerous deaths. h(_57O:  
        C   D  JIOR4'9  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 ?M9=yA  
W+?4jwqw  
九、词性的混用 cf20.F{<  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 />pI8 g<  
<)c)%'v  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 ;))+>%SGCt  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; | rtD.,m   
Ma Qqs=  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high @,7GaK\  
          A        B      3ym',q  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and Zt{[ *~  
              C Hd ={CFip  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. CxW>~O:  
          D {]@= ijjf  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) 0-Ku7<a  
(vJNHY M  
}V`"s^  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 %pL''R9VF  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 -zeG1gr3  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds A]oV"`f  
         A       B      >@_^fw)  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to `l[c_%Bm  
          C        v$wIm,j  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. ~HsJUro  
            D (iX+{a%"  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 P}^W)@ +3k  
})Vi  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, %l[( Iw  
            A       Aw.qK9I  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of uHzU-FZ|B  
      B      C r[iflBP  
   urban Black people in the United States. I1M%J@Cz  
   D `b7t4d*  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 /7^4O(iG  
Lk}J8 V^2  
V {ddr:]4  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 F{;((VboN  
表示时间有两种可能, <R=Zs[9M1  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 s9DYi~/,  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, y _k l:Ssa  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 tFOhL9T  
00~mOK;1  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence (gWm,fI RZ  
       A     B     <}9lZEqY  
  were made while the American Civil War. o`z]|G1''  
   C    D {fT6O&br  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 f?X)k,m  
=$JE T<(  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the tW}'g:s  
   A      B           C    -k "/X8  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. O5T{eBo\  
          D R`E~ZWC4V  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 f\L0 xJ  
&7tbI5na@  
U-tTW*[1]  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 kVLS  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 ^v7gIC  
8$Y9ORs4  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social Vp@?^ imL  
                   A     SSMHoJGm  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. q9s=~d7  
     B   C    D 4ID5q~  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 8&b,qQ~  
WOL:IZX%  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples =]0&i]z[.  
   A        B   C      *VxgARIL  
  easily under the stress of compression. T{[=oH+  
   D g{&ui.ml&  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 k~1?VQ+?M  
draN0v f  
~oY^;/ j  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 'm kLCS  
VRB;$  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine dDLeSz$b  
    A         B z!9-:  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. </*6wpN  
          C            D sLxc(d'A  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 n /m G|)Xt  
nb%6X82Q  
V1M.JU  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, vUM4S26"NT  
         A tK\~A,=  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. [ v*ju!  
   B      C      D ;uP:"k  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 v` 1M[  
xU`p|(SS-  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 {R6ZKB  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; s?nR 4  
two hundred diligent students
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