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主题 : 该错题常考要点
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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 a|B^%  
一、代词 UPtWj8h  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 "X/cG9Lw  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 )*&I|L<1  
  主格、宾格、所有格 ZSL:q%:.  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) -OLXRc=  
IEb"tsel  
(二) 反身代词 6 isz  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 9A]XuPAlh  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) TF %8pIg>Z  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) &&C]i~  
Ydv\ a6  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  k^A Y g!~  
    A                 B    9T*%CI  
  a series of indicators that could help C#]%  
             C      p{:r4!*L  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. o6e6Jw  
    D \Yv<Tz J9  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 Uk5O9D0 He  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 5 BKmp-m  
Gmcx#?|Tx  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 l 6.#s3I['  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 b@ J&jE~d  
H~~I6D{8  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies #&\hgsw/T  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the [c?']<f4  
     A   B      C          D ;S+c<MSl  
  Pacific. {aq\sf;i{  
n3{m "h3  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 0|X!Uw-Q%_  
6Rn_@_Nn)f  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 lv}U-vK  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: r;w_B %9  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 |dNtM^  
[~)i<V|qJ  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined iUh_rX9A"  
                       A   z) 5n&w S  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and !D%*s,t\'  
             B -5\aL"?4  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. mM~!68lR  
   C       D 1G|Q~%cv  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 $X5~9s1Wl  
o]#Q6J  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important lg;Y}?P  
        A     L&ws[8-  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John &RXd1>|c2  
   B        C      k`js~/Xv  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  ;JFE7\-mC  
      D 'KQ]7  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. MV$>|^'em  
H'I|tPs  
U^ Z[6u  
(四) Who和which的区别 [ H>MeeR  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 ,@='.Qs4g  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 kVU|k-?2  
K@n.$g  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who .EloBP  
              A            B V@>?lv(\  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. U]R?O5K  
   C                  D 'n:Ft  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 EFql g9bK  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 (6+6]`c$  
+7 F7Kh  
(五) that和which的区别 `r*6P^P  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 HC{|D>x.  
YGWb!|Z$  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it ?qO,=ms>-  
              A        B 18[f_0@ #  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. )lw7 W9  
      C              D mApn(&  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 Qmn5umd=?\  
FG#j0#|*  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 v9inBBC q  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, @O45s\4-*  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when S OK2{xCG  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. yFpHRfF}  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which # Jdip)  
fykN\b  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly xh-[]Jz(  
              A         B   +W;B8^imG  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. ^F"*;8$  
         C      D )D[ypuM&  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 rM?D7a{q  
;~1r{kXxA"  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  Ki=7nKs  
  affected the way people in the United States----. BPG)m,/b  
   (A) living and working ?1N0+OW   
   (B) they live and work ?ft_  
   (C) live and work hf?^#=k ^  
   (D) to live and to work jSG jv>  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 M`>W'<  
# #s !-.T  
二、介词 :jUuw:\  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 gMGg9U$@  
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(一) 介词搭配 z9+94<J  
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those kyjH~mK4  
    A         B   C      8 6+>|  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. F4&N;Zm2  
                D ZH}NlEn  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 )/ZSb1!  
q@sH@-z4]  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. @s@  
A       B     C  D 0K2[E^.WN  
分析:B错改为be rich in 7_3O]e[8  
Tk!b`9  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the FG H>;H@  
    A         B      C EsWszpRqb  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. }M7kApb>Y  
             D yT n@p(J  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 bpx=&74,6m  
bGJUu#  
L%0lX$2&\  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 0?7uqS#L  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 )q^vitkjup  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. 3k<#;(  
          A      B  C     D 8bGq"!w-  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 qL P +@wbJ  
 vck$@3*  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has )1vojp 4Za  
                 A  B     'O`3FI  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on "(N HA+s/  
      C 5);#\&B  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. X w8i l  
      D tTt3D]h(  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 3ngLEWT  
nIjQLx  
2、介词by a~* V  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by YfPo"uxx  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing ;}~=W!yz  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States ?I'-C?(t@1  
    A         B       -W_s]oBg  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. .A\\v6@  
   C     D ]M(mq`K  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。  nvPE N  
Q: O>kCDV  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils m0Syxb  
   A                      [M^[61  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to  +Rgw+o  
     B    C       D wzPw; xuG  
   supply moccasins and field rations. Yp]G)}'R  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。  <%D"eD  
qffSq](D .  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with .4<U*X kt  
        A                \83A|+k  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements \( <{)GpBi  
        B          C   y8vH?^:%<  
  that are often represented at symbols. ^<\} Y  
              D +.]}f}Y  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 (?BgT i\  
三、谓语动词 AaYrVf 9!  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 Ig3(|{R  
①、主谓分割原则 G'2=j HzMF  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, iM|"H..  
     A     4 l}M i  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. $U1kP?pR  
        B      C      D cNo4UZvr  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 ]cqZ!4?_  
)L<?g !j~  
②、与后者一致原则 I?Jii8|W9  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, < mK  
not only…but also bepYeT  
Z!-<rajl  
X;6 r $   
③、与前者一致原则 )~.&bEm\  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, 8gtCY~m  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 H'0*CiHes  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and \8*,&ak%  
     A      B  C     |/\U^AHm"h  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. 7#9'2dI  
         D ;Co[y=Z  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is ]v@tZ}  
K"k"ml<4E  
④、就近原则 ^Em@6fz[  
or, either…or, neither…nor, KBr5bcm4u  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are 9O=05CQ  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is f_4S>C$  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 a0?iR5\  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数  <Id1:  
2[LX\  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are [)H,zpl  
        A      B        8)W?la8'p  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. d^Zo35X  
    C              D 7cUR.PI#Q  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 PG^  j}  
%Ye)8+-  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 bl" (<TM  
There are five apples that are red. vz;7} Zj]  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 1A%N0#_(Md  
K2x6R  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets P\q<d  
      A            %w'/n>]j  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. ~t{D5#LVHa  
   B   C    D lL:KaQ0E  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 Qb!!J4| !  
.)i O Du  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 --in+  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. ?(5o@Xq  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 4 ss&'h  
8%;}LK  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 6 WA|'|} =  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: 94~"U5oQ:  
a. there be 句型 Rro?q  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 .abyYVrN4?  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 0M$#95n  
u iBl#J Q  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. ^~ Ekg:`  
   A     B      C    D    ~ A^E  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is I*^ 5'N'  
FWuw/b$  
`%$8cZ-kr  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific `+roQX.p  
             A     B    f'1(y\_fb  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 @)o0GHNP  
     C         ?TIV2m^?  
  miles in width. By2s']bw  
     D  TG1P=g5h  
分析:倒装句,are改为is d2RnQA  
3Bejp+xX  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and <v]z6B@9!  
   A    B       C         & B}Lo  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film xZX`%f-  
                    D #>=8w9]  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. ZI,j?i6\  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 "l TZ|k^  
~F;CE"3A  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 }g>kpa0c  
fifty percent of + 名词 YJd8l>mz  
one percent of + 名词 ^00{Hd6  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: :/6()_>bO  
  one percent of my students + are RAV^D.  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. cJ . 7Mt  
f3G1r5 x  
这里要强调两个结构 s O=4IBE  
half of =fifty percent sm   
most of + 可数名词 + are }z wX  
most of + 不可数名词+ is 09d9S`cS\  
B!}BM}r  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been oSY7IIf%L  
   A       B         C   +"8}R~`!  
  found in central and eastern Canada. paWxanSt  
           D Yl~$V(  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 M\9F:.t=  
w>[T&0-N  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized /;l[I=VI  
                 A   B  W pN.]x  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. u]E.iX p  
              C     D PNpu*# Z`  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 K(VW% hV1  
OPuj|%Wgw  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 \}#@9=  
①、主要考察时间状语 SE)nD@:  
;iU%Kt  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. uv]{1S{tb  
   A        B  C     D sn"fK=,#g  
: @6mFTV  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was c -B / ~&  
g)R1ObpZ  
T SjI z5  
②、For和since的区别 rF] +,4  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 /t5p-  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 YQd:M%$  
  I has been a teacher for three years. &= eYr{  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. L:@fP~Erh  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 opp!0:jS*  
C:i|-te  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became 9 v?l  
   A      B              }k7'"`#?"  
  the primary responsibility of the president. =&vFVIhWcf  
     C    D cb$-6ZE/  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 2K{6iw"h  
` A)"%~  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of 80;n|nNB  
             A  B  C   PsnGXcj  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. 8P2 J2IU  
            D }6]0hWsN[  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 :a0zT#u  
NM#- Af*pg  
yI3kvh  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  {whvTN1#dh  
   A       B        C     D X+82[Y,mB.  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live rwf^,r"r  
V diJ>d[  
(三) 谓语的语态 UE"GJt`I  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 =#xK=pRy;  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: n<7q `tM#  
①、prove T+IF}4e d  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 *>[3I}mM  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; 3n;K!L%zMT  
O7G"sT1Dv  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming h6D^G5i  
                      A   ~bK9R 0|<  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be g(4b Ba9y  
    B                  C v|';!p|  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. }6u2*(TmD  
                  D 9jir* UI  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 SU.ythU2,c  
ci9R.U)  
2f~($}+*  
②、Locate,Situate ~@W*r5/  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 wq!iV |  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 zZ-\a[F  
这两个词也可以用作被动 '@nbqM  
  My school was located near the river. TI|/u$SJ<Z  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 xg@NQI@7   
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. hsRvr`#m|  
   (A)locates V~IIY B7  
   (B)locating BqK(DH^9N  
   (C)to locate yY).mxRN  
   (D)is located )FN;+"IJ  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 *XOJnyC_H  
gY-5_Ab  
③、表示需要概念的动词 1 T<+d5[C  
need, want, require等 y] oaO+  
#18FA|   
My watch needed repairing 9p* gU[  
My watch needed to be repaired. jhgX{xc  
K6JVg$  
④、表示人的情感的动词 Z4K+ /<I  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 PXoz* )tk  
p /Sbt/R  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。  D1 Z{W  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 7R.Q Ql  
h Ov={:  
主动和被动技巧总结: ~5 N)f UI\  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 RprKm'b8x`  
e1myH6$W  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the }kHdK vZ  
                 A      BaF!O5M  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, `^JJ&)4iv  
                 B }T^cEfX  
  power structures, and flood-control works along Cb t{ H}I3  
                    C =WdaxjenZ/  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. tY${M^^<J  
                D b+-f.!j  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 Lf([dE1  
\6?A!w~6  
四、非谓语动词 %=AxJp!a  
Z v_.na/^K  
(一) 分词 up3O|lj4  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 anw}w !@U  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 v0Dq@Q1  
@RFs/'  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then X:a`B(@S  
   A M2x["  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. !MDNE*_  
     B      C            D R3)57OyV  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning |6UtW{2I/  
zl-2$}<a  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 9odJr]  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in )#a[-.OI  
      A               B   G2LK]  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. qmTb-~  
               C         D Iz6y{E  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living .6O"| Mqb  
q#Zs\PD  
 rhpPCt  
一些动词后面必须用doing [S.ZJUns  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 wxm:7$4C  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, E^GHVt/.  
 advocate, suggest [s9O0i" Y  
 delay, quit A*. /,KT  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, x}U8zt)yD3  
 avoid, escape(逃避) ) xbO6V  
 spend+名词+doing; )!g{Sbl  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing hS[ yNwD  
1Z[/KJ  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their 1h*)@  
   A     B    C              D w;Q;[:y  
  crops. Q0Nyqhvi  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 L=2y57&Y  
o7B[R) 4  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, 0Io'bF  
               A        B %{3 aW>yx  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. KXV[OF&J  
        C          D c}3W:}lW  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing L lBN-9p  
C^ Q tSha  
(二) 不定式 @&D?e:|!U  
A. 动词不定式的省略 _U;eN|Ww  
①、help后面可以省略to tO_H!kP  
  help do zEZLKWm9-  
  help sb. to do .(J?a"  
`mye}L2I  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid R3k1RE2c&g  
              A      B   B?$ "\;&  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. JQ :Ri  
         C     D IVr 2y8K  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 JbB}y'c4}=  
B\g]({E  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 yL;M"L  
  make, nC {K$  
  let, ^-FRTC  
  have sb. do sth nW "q  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. %gnM( pxl  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians N_L,]QT?  
        A               B eMRar<)+#*  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. S osj$9E  
   C     D IlX$YOf4  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know Ev!{n  
2iu_pjj  
③、感官动词 &'l>rD^o  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe gPC*b+  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 ,3I^?5  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 7FN<iI&7\  
U|G| l|Bl  
vd`}/~o  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 c`x7u}C  
(1)表示第一人 \, !Q Jp4  
the first woman to do sth. OL7_'2_z.  
RvJ['(-  
(2)表示迫使的动词 PL{Q!QJK'  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do 1>Q{Gs^  
vi@Lz3}::  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis kF7(f|*  
     A                 B    w@2Vts  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. R~bC,`Bh  
       C           D y80ykGPT\&  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 D .vw8H3  
$ _8g8r}  
,wwZI`>-  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 MH| ] \  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 &iN--~}!$  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 *zO&N^X.4  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 L]a`"CH:a$  
  be apt to do uGdp@]z&8Q  
Ou'?]{   
(4)表示目的的名词, =Nz0.:  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 _F p>F  
固定的句式: ()PKw,pD  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. Z,N$A7SBE  
the objective 目标 {Hr$wa~  
aim CeT~p6=  
goal h72UwJ2rw  
reason理由 l? #xAZx&_  
function功能 a :SQ16_?  
intension意图 "Clz'J]{  
Dj-s5pAW  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing Np)3+!^1"  
                       A  ~ aZedQc  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. mN0=i(H<  
           B          C     D (yQ  5`  
分析:the function to provide, A错 rl:KJ\*D  
[n,?WwC  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure ^ L:cjY/  
                  A       ^Cz YDq  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds x )5V.q  
     B  xu%'GZ,o9  
  that make up various components of a living cell. z?8~[h{i%  
    C    D y_F}s9wj  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 OQ_stE2i  
@b!"joEy  
(5) 其他同根名词 ~M ?|Vn  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 (VHND%7P  
 attempt to do 企图 x49!{}  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 XOr fs sj  
 ambition, $,1dQeE  
 be ambitious to do  kv|,b   
 effort g%J./F=@3  
Yt1mB[&f^  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation ='Oj4T  
  A                    B   i3V/`)iz  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. go|>o5!g  
          C       D M$#sc`4*  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 W04av_u 5  
i*tv,f.(  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great mVf.sA8  
  A                   B   aPIr_7e  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. f'/ KMe%<  
       C            D ]S /G\z  
分析:efforts to register, C错 a+(j ?_FyI  
 Dt}dp_  
;<6"JP>0  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 P.4E{.)(  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 8fO8Dob]\Y  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. |^5/(16  
(KF7zP  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 E`E'<"{Yd  
I am glad to see you. y_%&]/%  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. &c^7O#j  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. 2ij/N%l  
[b`$\o'-  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 el Kx]%k*)  
It is difficult to decide. i7v/A&Rc   
ZQLB`n @  
Q x.jCy@  
五、句子的结构 a-Y6w5  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 |0w~P s  
m+$/DD^-zl  
(一) 主语的重复 .CmL7 5  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 jEE_D +K  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any 1}DerX6  
          A      B      o}!&y?mp  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the ,lP7 ri  
          C          D ?1DUNZ6  
  League of Nations. 7 s-`QdWX  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 h9Z[z73_a  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson 5:_~mlfi  
|$w0+bV*  
r&/D~g\"|[  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are u= l0f6W  
        A        B  lYdQB[l  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. 1J+3a-0  
    C         D wK ][qZ ]  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复  3:"AFV  
& ]%\.m  
(二)谓语的重复 ~CulFxu  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 : (RL8  
l [x%I  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  r5Wkc$  
    A            B    (O Qi%/Oy  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. myffYK,  
         C   D P)4x   
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 (c 1u{  
 l`oT:  
(三)谓语的缺少 0.3^   
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body 37,L**Dgs  
          A     B    +0SW ?#%  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. v5P*<U Ax  
         C               D }isCv b  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 ,q/tyGj  
1+VY><=n  
(四)主句的重复 CuF%[9[cT  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 Ixyvn#ux )  
N,h1$)\B#  
\=$ EmHF  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite =I %g;YK  
      A         B        C   YLD-SS[/>  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. C+ZQB)gn  
     D ab8oMi`z  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 ce 7Yr*ZB  
s@.`"TF.7  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow A%.J%[MVz  
        A   B       pj aiAe!k  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. HTR "mQ  
      C    D s ZlJ/_g  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 u^j8 XOT  
H ={O13  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided x*5 Ch~<k  
   A                     B  ]}UeuF\  
  names for towns, only George Washington vLi/'|7  
      C [q0_7  
  is remembered in the name of a state. lBizC5t!o  
          D .( TQ5/ ~  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 GoGohsj  
六、比较级和最高级 s9ju/+fv  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 ~u O:tL  
{ar5c&<  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 !mpMa]G3  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which kxr6sO~  
      A               \]L::"![?  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. KZp,=[t  
     B       C           D -z>Z0viA  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 +l[Z2mW  
m2-fi*Mgg  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 ! 4qps$p{  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. -@gJqoo>  
     A      B     C  D hB2s$QS  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 &F<J#cfe8  
z1{E:~f  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere ~_f |".T  
     A       B     C   D (d5vH)+ A  
  is the grizzly bear. k vue@  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 #um1?V  
K&\BwBU  
%(dV|,|v  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 0%q ctZy  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 L_.xr ?  
:) Fp B"  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with =@ L5  
   A           B  *'`3]!A  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. sa0^1$(<  
   C                 D 9>.<+b(>!'  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 ]Nd'%M  
2'O!~8U  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 KH@) +Rj  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as dZ]\1""#H  
i}$N&  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 9bzYADLI  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 ?:;hTY  
the taller boy 8^f[-^%  
t+4%,n f_1  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 Vp{RX8?.  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed |+4E 8;4_  
          A            B [}xIg8  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is ^&G O4u  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. 8 *(W |J  
    C          D )/N Xh'  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they Jk6/i;4|  
dPdHY&#`  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 yQA"T ?  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, n.H`1@  
  A  B         C     +IOKE\,Y  
  the Navajos form largest group. 4S{l>/I  
         D ?;.+A4  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 :+Je989\[C  
j"$b %|  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, Om?:X!l"  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language Dil4ut- $  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the GL0':LsZ  
D<L{Z[  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many TXk"[>,:H  
            A      B         C Y8CYkJTAD-  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. r'JK$9  
            D fO}1(%}d  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 +iDz+3v(  
[.#$hOsNR  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the F U v)<rK  
例如:my best friends %^@0tT  
h^,YYoA$  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial oO9iB:w  
            A    B     C @m d^mss  
  and banking center. JC?V].) y5  
        D )d a8 Ru  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 Y?SJQhN6W  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 E]Gq!fA&<  
#S74C*'8  
a +Qj[pS  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary Qz90 mb  
                 A         ZFw743G  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. sU3V )7"  
    B   C     D "Q!{8 9Y  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 /]58:euR  
{y%O_-C'r  
七、平行结构 *m Tc4&*  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 o~N-x*   
vb2O4%7tw  
Gi_X+os  
(一) 对等连接词 <}>-ip?  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 gM]/Y6 *$b  
单一式: and, or ,but xo3)ds X  
相关式: both…and, not … but, 9K_HcLO%y  
     either …or, neither…nor 'n`$c{N<tM  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as e"09b<69  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, 6EGEwx  
没有so...as... 4y)1*VU:  
between…and, C /VXyl@o  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also \3UdC{~  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, G!Q)?N    
dTNgrW`4  
短语式: as well as k.hSN8  
     rather than (而不是) g9`ytWmM  
     other than (除…之外) Q 7?4GxMj  
     instead of (代替) RozsRt;i  
Lg53 Ms%  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 7E]l=Z`x  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  *gKr1}M  
       A     B   ~~ w4854  
  but he is now living in Detroit. Z ISd0hV  
       C   D %iML??S  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 Np)!23 "  
-4a&R=%p  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics z[Qv}pv  
       A         B 9dv~WtH>5  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford e$h\7i:(  
  remained active in city and regional planning. 3s Nq3I  
          C    D  )FCqYCfk  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 y-> iv%  
(二)平行的内容 Sn,z$-;h;  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 &c !-C_L 2  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of <WmCH+>?r  
             A         B   ^6n]@ 4P  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, q fe#kF9  
         C            D `VbG%y&I  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. ] QQ"7_+  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 i=UJ*c  
ZG|T-r;~  
5{[0Clb)  
第二、名词单复数的平行 fE iEy%o  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 cPS pPx  
r+crE %-  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, C09@2M'  
  A     B          C   &~EO M  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. dX*PR3I-3  
                 D   ,q1RJiR  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 ZhU2z*qN#  
jC=_>\<|X*  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, c"r( l~fc  
                   A         B #kA+Yqy \)  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. [LK 9^/V  
      C          D RY&~{yl$"1  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have ]2+(i  
v?rN;KY#pK  
第三、时态的平行 .W\Fa2}%av  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated uWSG+  
                A     Z q)A"'Y  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops !Iqyt. .  
                   B { .AFg/Z  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. ,fbO}  
          C    D g"xZ{k_3  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 0X;Dr-3<  
H3JWf MlW  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- |"arVde  
  spread from its home in Central America and Z(#a-_ g  
  now grows throughout the tropics. Ty>`r n  
   (A) to be    (B) it   ~b e&T:7.  
   (C) the     (D) its `ainJs:B  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? |e!Sm{#!  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow 0 }q/VH57  
f_}55?i0  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- R]dc(D  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. 7kO 1d{u6b  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised & )Z JT.S  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised Zscmc;G  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 }a8N!g  
l-5-Tf&j  
第四、排列位置的平行 ],#9L   
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. @qeI4io-n  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode >LLFe~9`g  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  @>da%cX  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes - iU7'  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes Hc}(+wQN%  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 dP )YPy_`  
o)w'w34FCT  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: qz?9:"~$C  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 Hh,\>= ':  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 U4%P0}q/  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 7&2xUcsz )  
K@+&5\y]  
八、词序的颠倒 V;9.7v  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 ;R}:2  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 lBl`R|Gt  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage k |M  
              A    B         $33wK  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. F@[l&`7  
      C       D    %-> X$,Q :  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 *IfLoKS'  
|G } qY5_  
KftZ ^mk+p  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 5!-'~W  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only fn;`Vit#  
          A      B     _I+QInD;)  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. ;5M I 8  
    C         D PS**d$ S  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 h:[%' htz  
Sjv_% C $  
8k vG<&D  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 0 M-=3T  
\W4|.[  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were `r+zNJ@q  
          A   B     C   9=T jSRS  
  in what is now the United States. 9bwG3jn4?  
    D gw O ]U=Y  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 5L!EqB>m;  
N3"O#C  
所有的系动词分为三大类: 3qggdi  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, 1UdET#\  
    is, remain, keep, stay, yGj'0c::  
    lie, exit(表示位于) bS7%%8C  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 @^R6}qJ  
    become, turn, grow, r^zra|]  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) q|h#J}\  
= Zi'L48  
第三种,感官动词 xe`SnJgA  
    seem(好像是) \8Y62  
    look(看起来好像是) 8GlRO4yd  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste efN5(9*9R  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 ;T hn C>U  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe ]Ub"NLYV  
    A               B     o3C GG  
   to cause numerous deaths. ,B2p \  
        C   D  C :r3z50  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 vFwhe!  
XmJ?oPr7  
九、词性的混用 !:2_y'hA  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 5J~@jPU  
<H,E1kGw9  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 {iXQUj  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; 5Sz&j  
_J&IL!S2  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high &iO53I^r/  
          A        B      x~?|bnM#3  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and T-F8[dd^/  
              C Y>2oU`ly,  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. ]?sw<D{  
          D lw `$( ,  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) * `3+x  
 *4y0Hq  
{W'{A  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 4Q(w D  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 LS/ZZAN u  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds ffy,ds_7  
         A       B      MjW{JR)I  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to R^6]v`j;  
          C        1}q(Pn2  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. 3Vk<hBw2  
            D .Fx-$Yqy  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 ~pw%p77)  
x75 3o\u!  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, 3oC ^"7 23  
            A       OouR4  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of P\3H<?@4  
      B      C V!f' O@p[  
   urban Black people in the United States. Bgs,6:  
   D Lpk`qJ  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 ,#.9^J  
ub-vtRpm  
YR.f `-<Z  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 CTZ#QiNP  
表示时间有两种可能, nXW]9zC"/  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 G3D!ifho.#  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, J';XAB }  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 yb-/_{Y  
oN[# C>#(  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence 78O5$?b;#  
       A     B     89fl\18%  
  were made while the American Civil War. IWnyqt(k  
   C    D Cgn@@ P5ZC  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 Y#fiJ  
PF] Vt  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the .KxE>lJbqM  
   A      B           C    }>m3V2>[  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. C<hb{$@  
          D (=w ff5U  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 5YgUk[J  
~f[91m!+  
&>z}u&oF  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 J!* Pg<  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 Ge4 tc  
cP[]\r+Kj  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social -O>*` O>M  
                   A     'W|@d8}h  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. eE[/#5tK  
     B   C    D TkV$h(#!f&  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 bHH=MLZR:  
^1NtvQe@Y\  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples _Rnq 5y  
   A        B   C      ?u8 vK<2h  
  easily under the stress of compression. dM3V2TT  
   D sTG e=}T8  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 &-6 D'@  
{T[/B"QZG  
7<%Rx19L*  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 O5p]E7/e  
UT7".1H  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine zVs|go>F  
    A         B WS)u{ or  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. U[8Cg  
          C            D 5PlTf?Ao  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 `;R|SyrX  
4c=oAL  
DqHVc)9  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, weiqt *,8  
         A (FAd'$lhX}  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. uz+b  
   B      C      D 'yM)>]u"  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 \HOOWaapN  
B1A5b=6G<  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 ~4iI G}Y<  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; a;`-LOO5&  
two hundred diligent students
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