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主题 : 该错题常考要点
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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 /Xc9}~t6  
一、代词 3J8>r|u;1'  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 irw5<l  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 EGFP$nvq  
  主格、宾格、所有格 |ggtb\W  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) 3GL?&(eU;  
O.Te"=^"F  
(二) 反身代词 JSq3)o9?/  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 bF G?mG:  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) G{|"WaKW  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) M4;M.zxJv  
c9@3=6S/  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  PGZe'r1E9  
    A                 B    >'m&/&h  
  a series of indicators that could help | h"$  
             C      li{<F{7  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. 3z#> 1HD$  
    D %WP[V{,F  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 :|&6x!  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 EHl~y=9  
J_XkQR[Y  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 %PPy0RZ^  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 ,'<NyA><  
G&Yo2aADR  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies -ciwIS9L  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the Uw5&.aqn.b  
     A   B      C          D .R4,fCN  
  Pacific. GVf[H2%H  
]A+t@/k  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 .W9 *-  
cYOcl-*af  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 < uV@/fn<  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: )Fqtb;W =  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 P3a]*>.,  
7bVKH[  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined JHg;2xm"<K  
                       A   ;<cCT!A  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and p2O[r  
             B KAT"!b   
   economic conditions they promised the nation. Mx 3fT >?  
   C       D l4I',79l  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 az }zoFl  
V6Of(;r  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important }\A 0g}  
        A     8H3O6ro  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John hy~KY6Ta  
   B        C      xo-{N[r  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  h-m0Ro?6  
      D ;ae6h [  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. xi.QHKBZaH  
~PN[ #e]  
%yR 80mn8  
(四) Who和which的区别 ILHn~d IC  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 5["n] i  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 #m'+1 s L  
'Rv.6>xqc  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who \x _$Pu  
              A            B 7=A @P  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. wA87|YK8*  
   C                  D "nNT9 K|  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 :yOJL [x  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 a uve&y"R  
2%pe.s tQ  
(五) that和which的区别 ` KP}pi\  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 ,nw5 M.D_  
H .sfM   
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it O-+!KXHd[  
              A        B ;s-fYS6(>{  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. y8|}bd<Sr  
      C              D u3PM 7z!~  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 49B6|!&I  
uF T5Z  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 w6l56 CB`  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, `u8=~]rblj  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when Nw3IDy~T  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. 8WG_4e  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which j<vU[J+gx~  
GS!1K(7  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly Nbm$ta  
              A         B   ;BEX|w xn  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. Olq`mlsK  
         C      D M3q7{w*bM  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 ,,V uvn  
m^a0JR}u9  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  ]8XIw`:f  
  affected the way people in the United States----. X^. ~f+d~  
   (A) living and working S)A;!}RK6  
   (B) they live and work { *Wc`ZBY  
   (C) live and work l,E4h-$  
   (D) to live and to work <V4"+5cJ8  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 #r80FVwiD  
$b"Ex>  
二、介词 9h^TOZK)  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 a~`,zQ -@  
2H`;?#Uq:  
(一) 介词搭配 iSj.lW  
jD_B&MQz  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those o%73M!-  
    A         B   C      78u=Jz6  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. _." X# }W  
                D q3Y49d  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 ut9R] 01:  
O9MBQNwjA  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. F#\+.inO  
A       B     C  D _jrkR n1"  
分析:B错改为be rich in x9H qc9q  
ZZF\;  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the Hbz,3{o5  
    A         B      C *", BP]]  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. )]m_ L$9  
             D }zV#?;}  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 k.w}}78N2N  
eq Wb>$  
O7tL,)Vv  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 >R8eAR$N  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 ( 0Z3Ksfj1  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. lIL{*q(  
          A      B  C     D  Ry iS  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 ^Dhu8C(  
<\S j5  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has t>>\U X  
                 A  B     i3\6*$Ug  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on $8,/[V A  
      C ='|HUxFi  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. n`)wD~mk  
      D W&(98}oT  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 Ayi Uz  
h 66X746  
2、介词by GCEq3 ^/  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by XZ8;Ow=  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing A?sU[b6_  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States ?*8HZ1m#  
    A         B       A/"p PO  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. lhA<wV1-9G  
   C     D }X`jhsqT  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 Z"fnjH  
(^Kcyag4  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils :{v:sK  
   A                      [oQ&}3\XJ  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to -f-2!1&<3h  
     B    C       D &`'gO 9  
   supply moccasins and field rations. /U%Xs}A)  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 z<F.0~)jb  
<IBzh_  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with 1=t\|Th-  
        A                L. xzI-I@D  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements ,{{uRs/  
        B          C   ^Q?I8,4}  
  that are often represented at symbols. THmX=K4=?  
              D TvWhy`RQ  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 hsQrHs'k  
三、谓语动词 $W8  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 nD+vMG1~w  
①、主谓分割原则 M,Px.@tw.  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, 1lNg} !)[K  
     A     4>gMe3]0  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. 9zkR)C  
        B      C      D BV&}(9z  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 h<9h 2  
OX ?9 3AlG  
②、与后者一致原则 5CkM0G`  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, NDRk%_Eu(  
not only…but also 'Z7oPq6  
'PlKCn`(w  
%rT XT  
③、与前者一致原则 w>X33Ff]8@  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, s&lZxnIjc  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 T"Wq:  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and ;1cX|N=  
     A      B  C     1C=}4^Pu  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. +gOCl*L  
         D fh \<tnY  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is 6kjBd3  
Us YH#?|O  
④、就近原则 ;P _`4w3  
or, either…or, neither…nor, D;<Q m,[  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are :f^O!^N  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is W?'!}g(~  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 xN}P0  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 qrNW\ME  
tGd9Cs9D<  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are x-Z`^O  
        A      B        C|W_j&S65  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. 788q<7E  
    C              D  tB[(o%k  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 S_6`.@B}  
}k<b) I*A  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 F)_Rs5V:(  
There are five apples that are red. h.4;-&  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 ; ZL<7tLDb  
3VA8K@QiRm  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets ui70|  
      A            YT, 1E>rd  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. 0tn5>Dsk  
   B   C    D b3EW"^Ar  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 *xU^e`P  
F>n<;<  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 GMgsM6.R  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. =[t([DG  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 +5?hkQCX1^  
Tr/wG  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 d m.?-u;C  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: ]v94U b   
a. there be 句型 !&E>8h  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 pR 1v^m|  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 :XBeGNI*#  
s.C-II?e  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. b |m$ W  
   A     B      C    D    z O$SL8U  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is )5d&K8@  
3 {on$\  
r]BB$^@@V  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific qdZn9i  
             A     B    Gu*;z% b2  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 nsw.\(#  
     C         rI; e!EW  
  miles in width. ^"6xE nA]  
     D  B`RbXk68q  
分析:倒装句,are改为is VC>K W{&J0  
o~<fw]y  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and 1#]tCi`  
   A    B       C         D\j1`  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film k[Uc _=  
                    D 4X#>;  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. )]>=Uo  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 |4X:> Ut]  
2',t@<U  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 _a15R/S  
fifty percent of + 名词 1vl~[  
one percent of + 名词 6sQ"go$}  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: I|Z5*iXqCm  
  one percent of my students + are cQ3Dk<GZ  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. Ms^Y:,;Hi  
Y&'2/zI6~  
这里要强调两个结构 68 -I2@&  
half of =fifty percent g[H7.  
most of + 可数名词 + are aWe H,A%  
most of + 不可数名词+ is w:M faN*  
.~W7{SY[  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been VEb}KFyP  
   A       B         C   Q*mPU=<  
  found in central and eastern Canada. v,+2CVdW  
           D  &h4(lM  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 iCl,7$[*  
7|,5;  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized bX5>qqB]  
                 A   B  sbkWJy  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. iSIj ?.  
              C     D x\x>_1oP  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 q| gG {9  
7CM<"pV  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 #,!.e  
①、主要考察时间状语 9{xP~ 0g  
}1d 6d3b  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. d;;]+%  
   A        B  C     D 3{]i|1&j  
r+ v*(Tu  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was I&R4.;LW  
kF6X?mqgD  
!cp ,OrO\  
②、For和since的区别 rJ9a@n,  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 <\2,7K{{+;  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 X^fMt]  
  I has been a teacher for three years. F/&Z1G.  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. G~u94r w|:  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 3H@TvV/;f  
8cR4@Hqx  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became [g _f`ZJ=  
   A      B              }|{yd03 +  
  the primary responsibility of the president. N;<<-`i  
     C    D XSn^$$S  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 i&{8a3B  
_@jl9<t=_  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of 8Z FPs/HP  
             A  B  C   2+ >.Z.pX  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. m0XK?;\V  
            D 'S E%9  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 s26:(J [{  
:}e*3={4  
6_`x^[r  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  K=+w,H# `C  
   A       B        C     D  4\dc  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live WLv( K_3Y  
nWmc  
(三) 谓语的语态 ! T6oD]x3  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 u <D&RT  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: c*HS#C7'2  
①、prove X.%Xi'H  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 KX[_eO L  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; YJ. 'Yc  
P_,f  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming =36vsps=  
                      A   \,ir]e,1  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be c^Rz?2x  
    B                  C Xe:B*  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. VKS:d!}3E  
                  D g@`14U/|  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 XDz![s  
<!-8g!  
()}O|JL:K  
②、Locate,Situate el;^cMY  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 >"5^]o2?~l  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 K>,Kbs=D6  
这两个词也可以用作被动 Czid"Ih-  
  My school was located near the river. rcOpOoU|  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 f/eT4y  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. D2[uex  
   (A)locates B#B$w_z  
   (B)locating `a3q)}*Y  
   (C)to locate L!3{ASIN0  
   (D)is located va95/(  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 HC?yodp^  
Q`,D#V${D  
③、表示需要概念的动词 V4l`Alr\L  
need, want, require等 ryW1OV6?_0  
^.nvX{H8~=  
My watch needed repairing Kbg`ZO*  
My watch needed to be repaired. jE&kN$.7j  
dY;^JPT  
④、表示人的情感的动词 ( X)$8y  
move, annoy, surprise, please等  !|9$  
<{[AG3/Zj4  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 one^XYy1%  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 F$ZWQ9&5U0  
-=Q_E^'  
主动和被动技巧总结: N`8!h:yL  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 wTf0O@``6H  
e%R+IH5i  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the _>dqz(8#  
                 A      x/[i &Gkv  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, vk5pnCM^3  
                 B xGk@BA=0<  
  power structures, and flood-control works along %, K|v  
                    C W ;P1T"*A  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. Gqk"%irZ  
                D [9BlP  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 AU^Wy|i5Q  
T55l-.>  
四、非谓语动词 ]1)@.b;QR  
`DG6ollp{  
(一) 分词 :`:<JA3,  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 fOE:~3Q  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 M0=ZAsN  
r;|Bc$P  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then }td+F&l($V  
   A +GP"9S2%R  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. yC+N18y?  
     B      C            D "'t<R}t!A  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning {@Diig  
sn5N9=\+T  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 e!tgWYN  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in j@GMZz<  
      A               B   & \<RVE  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. R&ou4Y:DG  
               C         D )@R:$l86  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living \RQ5$!O  
( fdDFb#1  
m+OR W"o  
一些动词后面必须用doing }{K)5k@  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 x-tA {_:  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, ik8e  
 advocate, suggest *k+QX   
 delay, quit AQQj]7 Y  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, sv0kksj  
 avoid, escape(逃避) zN2sipJS8  
 spend+名词+doing; B2845~\.  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing Bj@&c>  
a#uJzYB0  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their 5+ fS$Q  
   A     B    C              D jDXmre?  
  crops. +S/8{2%?DG  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 Jt)<RMQ^R  
(_nkscf  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, zcxG%? Q  
               A        B 0 ?2#SM  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. 2B!nLL Cp+  
        C          D C{2 UPG4x  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing )9<)mV*EB(  
IloHU6h'  
(二) 不定式 IL>g-  
A. 动词不定式的省略 koqH~>ZtD  
①、help后面可以省略to 7s.sbP~  
  help do .S5&MNE  
  help sb. to do Q2fa]*Z5  
/1OhW>W3eH  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid hOwVm;:  
              A      B   ol:_2G2xQ  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. E3gQ`+wNg?  
         C     D kXOlZ C  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 ]I}' [D  
PMTyiwlm  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 5k\61(*s  
  make, 9JU lu  
  let, sX**'cH  
  have sb. do sth IzL yn  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. 3 F4I{L  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians H7\EvIM=  
        A               B z{%G  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. s+(8KYTs`  
   C     D ^c!Hur6)  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know A!j&g(Z"Q  
UCq+F96j  
③、感官动词 4~Z\tP|Q.  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe k|g~xmI;  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 Uq[NO JC  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 r<~1:/F|  
&PGU%"rN  
,7/N=mz  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 EmH2 Dbw  
(1)表示第一人 mT)iN`$Y@  
the first woman to do sth. #^eviF8  
7[8PSoo  
(2)表示迫使的动词 v'DL >Y  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do % +eZ U)N  
4wK!)Pwq  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis 'KXvn0  
     A                 B    CRS/qso[Q'  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. -,p(PK  
       C           D <G#JPt6  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 J;G+6C$:  
4egq Y0A  
CxwZ$0  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 7zy6`O P  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 jYuH zf  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 3;#v$F8R  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 DmPp&  
  be apt to do ~u-mEdu3C  
_kgw+NA&-H  
(4)表示目的的名词, \~U8<z  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 R~;<}!Gtx  
固定的句式: tE- s/  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. )CEfG  
the objective 目标 !SEg4z  
aim ;aWH`^{i  
goal X >C*(/a  
reason理由 jj.iW@m  
function功能 quVTqhg"  
intension意图 kC0F@'D  
LEWeybT  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing K`768 %q  
                       A  "\)j=MI8u+  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. F3i+t+Jt  
           B          C     D +A3@{ 2  
分析:the function to provide, A错 'eZ UNX  
E9YR *P4$  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure +r"{$'{^  
                  A       6ix8P;;}#  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds w?Cqe N  
     B  d.3-@^P  
  that make up various components of a living cell. 4(f[Z9 iZ]  
    C    D bO8g#rO  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 %!mJ nc%  
@~qlSU&  
(5) 其他同根名词 # 4L[8(+V  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 540-lMe  
 attempt to do 企图 a4Qr\"Qm  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 ?k CK$P  
 ambition, 8vOKm)[%  
 be ambitious to do  Ep>3%{V  
 effort w$MFCJ:p&  
`lX |yy"  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation <Wn={1Ts"  
  A                    B   M{<cqxY  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. w]J9Kv1)-  
          C       D e)]9u$x  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 BT.;l I  
O0`sg90,C  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great hy3j8?66  
  A                   B   ^V#9{)B  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. BU(:6  
       C            D {EE/3e@  
分析:efforts to register, C错 $O9Nprf  
?-1r$z  
:8\!;!  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 FR&4i" +  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 uu@Y]0-  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. 1BO$xq  
ofH=h  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 eM Ym@~4  
I am glad to see you. {|nm0vg`A  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. 7N9~nEU  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. 91d@/z  
3C'`K ,  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 cVya~ *  
It is difficult to decide. G|MjKe4}  
^L#\z7  
G8b/eWtP  
五、句子的结构 K;moV| j  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 \i_y(;  
Mwp[?#1j  
(一) 主语的重复 `2`Nu:r^  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 Au3> =x`  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any *qdf?' R  
          A      B      64xq@_+  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the e[_W( v  
          C          D $Lg% CY  
  League of Nations. 5dOA^P@`,M  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 m| 8%%E}d  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson EXn$ [K;  
SxV(.i'  
7 +A-S9P)  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are w}n:_e  
        A        B  L$zI_ z  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. s!S,;H  
    C         D $mFsf)1]]?  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 rx`G* k{X  
]} z ;!D>  
(二)谓语的重复 #:Z"V8n'  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 w6tb vhcmU  
63:0Vt>hZ^  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  86d *  
    A            B    &We1i &w  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. 5MY+O\  
         C   D ?m-kpW8  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 %-"?  
pAg;Rib  
(三)谓语的缺少 .UNh\R?r  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body {m5tgVi&  
          A     B    /_~b~3 {u  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. #sit8k`GR8  
         C               D G3QB Rh{  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 B.fL gQK0  
}%k,PYe/  
(四)主句的重复 $eQ_!7Gom$  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 e #l/jFJU  
(zkh`8L  
]7kq@o/7  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite 'N,3]So i  
      A         B        C   : 4$Ex2  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. M64zVxsd  
     D n`f},.NM|  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 #I9|>XE1  
bTC2Ya  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow G}i\UXFE  
        A   B       ;}IF'ANA  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. SqY;2:  
      C    D 7-Rn{"5  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 r5[om$|*  
f ;|[  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided U0u@[9!  
   A                     B  F aa:h#  
  names for towns, only George Washington d%9I*Qo0,  
      C Bt,qG1>$-  
  is remembered in the name of a state. ;3\F b3d  
          D IgEg  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 l>"gO9j  
六、比较级和最高级 `6j?2plZ   
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 /@FB;`'  
3]'=s>UO>^  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 A4';((OXy  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which PGT!HdX#{  
      A               D]y6*Ha  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. DWJ%r"aN  
     B       C           D /Re1QS  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 #CV(F$\1{  
i BJ*6orz  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 f;u;hQxs  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. B>X+eK  
     A      B     C  D NL&g/4A[a  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 b{s E#m%r  
AG}' W  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere >4M_jC.  
     A       B     C   D eV9:AN}K=  
  is the grizzly bear. '4 Z%{.;  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 w#PaN83+  
I4|p;\`fK  
D{BH~IM  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 ]v_xEH}T  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 5jNBt>.0  
8QC:ro  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with \ vJ*3H6  
   A           B  |xKB><  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. Tg:NeAN7(  
   C                 D  jHz]  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 mz\ m^g3  
eHnC^W}|s  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 +Z;0"'K'e  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as t&r?O dc&m  
}f-rWe{gs>  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 !Aw.f!  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 ;( 2uQ#Y  
the taller boy WLh_b)V|  
n,HWVo>([  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 i-ogeR?  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed hcf>J6ZLT  
          A            B @~N#)L^  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is lJYv2EZ  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. RgRcW5VxK  
    C          D \Fj4Gy?MW  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they =G72`]#-  
Bkz   
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 Sv>aZ  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, 4@W.{|2~  
  A  B         C     _|Dt 6  
  the Navajos form largest group. ^|\?vA  
         D {M EU|9@ Y  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 qzmZ/z96  
&a(w0<  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, Ux<h` s  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language T(}da**X  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the LpiLk| 2i  
23fAc"@ B  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many G^OSXf5  
            A      B         C w##Fpv<m  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. tvH)I px  
            D VuR BJ2D  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 |% kK?!e+-  
s1FBz)yCY=  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the ~iSW^mi  
例如:my best friends IpP0|:}  
>*(>%E~H  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial  lu}[XN  
            A    B     C WT)")0)[  
  and banking center. JQCwI`%i  
        D -,tYfQ;:  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 Ij8tBT?jlL  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 ",+uvJT1O  
5 6R,+sN  
r/v&tU  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary |{nI.>  
                 A          R pbl)  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. E6gEP0b  
    B   C     D ,+RO 5n  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 Ed-gYL^<  
i<?4iwX%i*  
七、平行结构 Gpu?z- )  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 5HN<*u%z  
F~AS(sk  
a*hThr+$M  
(一) 对等连接词 AI yv;}5  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 Uk9g^\H<D  
单一式: and, or ,but >N J$ac  
相关式: both…and, not … but, >C[1@-]G%7  
     either …or, neither…nor :ct+.#  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as {p 0'Lc<3n  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, >B  
没有so...as... r\d:fot  
between…and, 'qJ-eQ7e  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also F21[r!3  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, `1@[uWl  
&*aU2{,s,;  
短语式: as well as H\mVK!](D  
     rather than (而不是) u2]g1XjeG  
     other than (除…之外) _vH!0@QFU  
     instead of (代替) [r8 d+  
6 W;k IoB  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 )uvFta<(  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  sjgR \`AU  
       A     B   g{hA,-3  
  but he is now living in Detroit. o$VH,2 QF  
       C   D 5R`6zhf  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 Vor9 ?F&w  
f+Medc~  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics ZHlin#"  
       A         B \C#b@xLnX  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford y=xe<#L  
  remained active in city and regional planning. )]> '7] i  
          C    D  BJxm W's/  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 V C'-h~  
(二)平行的内容 zl 0^EltiU  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 s4`*0_n  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of Q EGanpz  
             A         B   \w[ZY$/  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, )|R0_9CLV  
         C            D 36WzFq#  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. j_uY8c>3\q  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 SA 4je9H%  
rI66frbj  
8tRh V2  
第二、名词单复数的平行 40d9/$uzh  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 W<N QU f[=  
h9w^7MbO  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, T{{AZV"pB  
  A     B          C   bc=u1=~w  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. $CwTNm?  
                 D   +fCyR  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 ID).*@(I"  
b, **$  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, l^y?L4hg)  
                   A         B ~v(M6dz~vk  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. ,-I F++q  
      C          D M= q~EMH  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have  z0Z\d   
b}*@=X=4o  
第三、时态的平行 nK%/tdq  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated [F V=@NI  
                A     )"c]FI[}  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops g*r{!:,t  
                   B B/9<b{6  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. W/ZahPPq  
          C    D 60~>f)vu  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 Rr;LV<q+  
,ORG"]_F  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- ND55`KT4  
  spread from its home in Central America and NtA|#"^  
  now grows throughout the tropics. WP@JrnxO\`  
   (A) to be    (B) it   mp+\!  
   (C) the     (D) its ^2;(2s  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? ; LF)u2x=  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow jQ_|z@OV  
WP% {{zR$  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- ^;CR0.4  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. z5yb$-j  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised QC\g%MVG  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised Ky '3z"  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 32bkouq  
k}f<'g<H  
第四、排列位置的平行 _L:i=.hxN  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. 9OQ0Yc!3  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode we H@S  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  -|k&L}\OB0  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes /:Z~"Q*r  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes kuTq8p2E  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 O'!r]0Q  
}4\!7]FVYX  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: aX[1H6&=7  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 P+;CE|J`X  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 F; MF:;mM  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 {#w A !>.  
rt3f7 s*  
八、词序的颠倒 [B"dH-r7  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 d Y:|Ef|v(  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 t> x-1vf%  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage ~<2 IIR$H  
              A    B        H4 }%;m%  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. L= :d!UF  
      C       D    Hyq@O 8  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 I9[1U   
#K :-Bys5v  
wDT>">&d  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 M1/M}~  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only rP^TN^bd|  
          A      B     M('s|>\l  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. lC'{QUC  
    C         D ?Do^stq'4  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 [K c ki+  
fB f 4]^  
^wx%CdFm'P  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 h`wMi}q'D  
c;:">NR  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were ||-nmOy  
          A   B     C   Usa+b A  
  in what is now the United States. :]P~.PD5,  
    D mu6039qy  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 !c3```*  
% v;e  
所有的系动词分为三大类: g M4Pj[W  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, "z rA``  
    is, remain, keep, stay, k: b/Gq`  
    lie, exit(表示位于) bA}AD`5  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 si_W:mLF{a  
    become, turn, grow, KcC! N{  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) /b{o3, #.M  
"j{i,&Y$_  
第三种,感官动词 `NBbTQtgO  
    seem(好像是) KAd_zkUA  
    look(看起来好像是) '.?^uM  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste y|$R`P  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 bS>R5*Zp  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe 3Jk[/ .h  
    A               B     aF!Ex  
   to cause numerous deaths. l , ..5   
        C   D  {m[s<A(  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 Yc^%zxub  
|,b2b2v ?  
九、词性的混用 MDJc[am  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 v:E;^$6Vn  
089 k.WG  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 nX|Q~ x]  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; $B\ H  
%SAw;ZtQ:  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high [)^mBVht  
          A        B      (89Ji'dc  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and 'BY-OA#xJ  
              C K UKACUL  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. Y25^]ON*\^  
          D 8'A72*dhX  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) Oe51PEqn  
uRE*%d>  
B:< ]Hl$  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 ]dSK wxk  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 /.Fj.6U5  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds w&Y{1rF>  
         A       B      7{e=="#*  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to .Pe9_ZH$W  
          C        )0k']g5  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. j(eFoZz,  
            D (&[[46   
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 pXu/(&?  
(u hd "  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's,  (gwj)?:  
            A       rv>^TR*,!  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of Md,pD Wb  
      B      C FY'ty@|_s  
   urban Black people in the United States. xyA-P& N  
   D !2tW$BP^  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 geM6G$V&  
EpYy3^5d  
x;LzG t:w  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 9zBMlc$X  
表示时间有两种可能, :7g=b%;  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 P[ r];e  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, _Ov;4nt!  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 +nL+ N  
  d$W  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence - nbMTY}  
       A     B     )IL #>2n?  
  were made while the American Civil War. l;A,0,i  
   C    D e@#kRklV&  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 ORN6vX(1  
Wg`AZ=t  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the _>m-AI4^  
   A      B           C    j;1-p>z  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. kc `V4b%  
          D n5-)/R[z  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 '8Ztj  
?, r~=  
8~lIe:F-  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 }n_p$g[Nj/  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 hU]HTX'R  
j@gMb iu  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social WE6a'  
                   A     >LC<O.  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. TjMe?p  
     B   C    D `:m!~  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 _@mRb^  
kum#^^4G|  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples ._w8J"E5  
   A        B   C      [D-Q'"'A  
  easily under the stress of compression. T<3BT  
   D B vo5-P6XY  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 \0l>q  ,  
).` S/F  
&6 s) X  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 -oeL{9;  
99$ 5`R;  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine &AVpLf:?  
    A         B d)cOhZy  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. =deMd`=J  
          C            D SK1!thQy  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 T_b^ Tc`  
SG}V[Glk  
UJ-?k &j,  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, @`tXKP$so  
         A i wz  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. b|Q)[y]  
   B      C      D ZyOv.,y  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 g  %K>  
>hBxY]< \  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 oH0X<'  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; u2oKH{/z  
two hundred diligent students
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