该错题常考要点 4[yIOs
一、代词 1TS0X:TCn
代词中主要讲解六个问题 AH#4wPxF
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 T f4tj!t-
主格、宾格、所有格 ht =P\E
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)
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(二) 反身代词 S0d~.ah30
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 lDc-W =X=
He killed himself. (他自杀了) $P z`$~
He killed him. (他杀了他) Vw tZLP36
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating P 1XK*GZ
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a series of indicators that could help 8uNULob
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themselves to predict earthquakes. 1'.7_EQ4T
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。
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Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 *N'K/3
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 dU) ]:>Uz
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 M`YWn ;
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies K6/@]y%Wr
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the W%<LTWOc
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Pacific. C+[%7vF1
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 T>TWU:
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 L`f^y;Y.
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: 4iAZ+l5&
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 |-sPLU&s%
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined )?+$x[f!*
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the word“normalcy”to express social and H]Hv;fcC
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economic conditions they promised the nation. 8n1'x;
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 CYOI.#m2
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important F,
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John (c0A.L)
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Keats, published the year of her death. y#}cC+;
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. {U&.D
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(四) Who和which的区别 U,nEbKJgk
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 C9p"?v
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who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 nUkaz*4qU
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who ~-wPP{!
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. qI^
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 'X shmZ0&
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 {BKl` 1z
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(五) that和which的区别 Nj("|`9"
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 ;5@ t[r
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it !UFfsNiXZ
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. .7n\d55a
C D Wh&8pH:
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 28
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略
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Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, +i
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Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when [e1S^pI
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. ZY:[ekm%4Z
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which -j&Tc`j_
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly f-r]
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. NH0qVQ@A
C D hTwA%
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 `)QCn<
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has A4ISNM7R[
affected the way people in the United States----. HOBP`lf
(A) living and working w4fW<ISg
(B) they live and work 5/O'R9A4
(C) live and work h`3eu;5)
(D) to live and to work #]'rz,E<
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 Ye.r%i&