该错题常考要点 nUAoPE
一、代词 d)'am
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代词中主要讲解六个问题
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(一) 掌握代词的几种格 kC=e>v
主格、宾格、所有格 ?tWcx;h:>
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) 2v
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(二) 反身代词 GpjyF_L
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 Yx- 2ux
He killed himself. (他自杀了) ]7qn&(]
He killed him. (他杀了他) |}~2=r z
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating sFqLxSo_I
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a series of indicators that could help ]*I:N
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themselves to predict earthquakes. dP>~ExYtm
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 M2K{{pGJ[&
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 z/IA
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 J~=bW\^I
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 K?;_T$^K
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies (G:A^z
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the S6k
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Pacific. NSQ}:m
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 =?o, ' n0
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 )?5027^
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: G`n|fuv
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 bW"bkA80
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined U
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the word“normalcy”to express social and BZS%p
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economic conditions they promised the nation. F52%og~N
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 lk.]!K$}
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important $|kq{@<
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John 3,ihVVr&P
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Keats, published the year of her death. AnF"+<
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. /"(`oe<
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(四) Who和which的区别 EZ,Tc;f=
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 {l
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who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 ~FP4JM,y6
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who (DLk+N4UHA
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. `49: !M$i
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 ?[Sac]h
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人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 009[`Z
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(五) that和which的区别 x/S:)z%X
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 \CU-a`n
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it (DIMt-wz
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. 4)Bk
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 g`Kh&|GU
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, A{ a4;`}5
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when N
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I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. 20,}T)}Tm
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which D7lRZb
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly V[;^{,;
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. oWLv-{08
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 z.T>=C
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has [9C{\t
affected the way people in the United States----. /tG[pg{[
(A) living and working @@3%lr71
(B) they live and work s?Z{LWZ@
(C) live and work `]I p`_{
(D) to live and to work {O!B8a
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 Tg@:mw5
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二、介词 v05$"Ig
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 gX~lYdA
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(一) 介词搭配 tx$`1KA
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those Kut@z>SK
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. gs(ZJO1 /L
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 }2''}-Nc
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. ' 7H"ezt
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分析:B错改为be rich in /], 9N
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the @2~;)*
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. q4SEvP}fLx
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 o|APsQE
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 tu^C<MV
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 i,mZg+;w
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. ?(Xy 2%v
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 F{E`MK~f_
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has O f]/tdPp
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on GHQm$|3I
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. ,M Ugw
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 &kQj)
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2、介词by bZ}T;!U?I
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by ~&D5RfK5f
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing x_- SAyH
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States 4!A(7
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. U:gvK8n
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 y24/lc
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils |<#yXSi
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to >vDi,qmZ
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supply moccasins and field rations. EME}G42KN
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 b@B\2BT
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with Kc`#~-`,(
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements o97*3W]
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that are often represented at symbols. %Lom#:L'
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 &