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主题 : 该错题常考要点
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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 QOKE9R#Y  
一、代词 <ly.l]g  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 a29rD$  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 I9E]zoj8  
  主格、宾格、所有格 |(O _K(  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) Q*l_QnfG  
jY ~7-  
(二) 反身代词 -KFozwr5/  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 J#jx)K!  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) 6 xAR:  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) DXc3u^ L  
#ybtjsu'"U  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  <ZgbmRY8  
    A                 B    l[Rl:k!  
  a series of indicators that could help vIL q5iR  
             C      n0< I  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. Q R<q[@)F  
    D 5p`.RWls  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 s'^"s_j  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 sqP (1|9  
FT+[[9i  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 (_$'e%G0  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 IW-lC{hK  
!e0~|8  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies Aq:1  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the GI$7uR}  
     A   B      C          D BA t0YE`-,  
  Pacific. O0Sk?uJ <  
u AmDXqJ 3  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 7.N~e}p 8  
eJ O+MurO  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 K:\db'``  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: x\MzMQ#Bf  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 NwPC9!*  
sp'f>F2]  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined L?slIGp%-  
                       A   cgevP`*]  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and d" Aer  
             B P>s 3Rh3:  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. Q"2J2211  
   C       D fce~a\y0  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 JNZ  O7s  
]= nM|e  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important PH]/*LEj  
        A     -SGo E=  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John 0l&#%wmJ,  
   B        C      U 3U DA  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  v@^P4cu;  
      D yRF %SWO  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. ap y#8 ]  
1U(P0$C  
}cPH}[ $zF  
(四) Who和which的区别 z s<2Ozv  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 / 8 0Q  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 ]W9{<+&  
Op2@En|d  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who ZS\~GQbG  
              A            B -m"9v%>Y  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. \J0fr'(S  
   C                  D v:7_ZD6kR  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 cU  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 V9dJNt'Ui  
fDU_eyt/Z'  
(五) that和which的区别 CqkY_z  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 3 J!J#  
X]T&kdQ6q  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it |h6u%t2AY  
              A        B (G<fvl!~  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. vkgAI<  
      C              D ["65\GI?  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 dum(T  
Ak'=/`+p  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 qQ T ^d  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, HV}*} Ty  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when 6 #m:=  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. W0qn$H  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which 7~ =r9-&G  
u`~,`z^{n  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly *Al`QEW  
              A         B   eX3|<Bf  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. /4wPMAlb  
         C      D U0fr\kM  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 >Nr~ 7s  
G'c6%;0)  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  &++t p5  
  affected the way people in the United States----. 7:Be.(a  
   (A) living and working t1rAS.z&  
   (B) they live and work :9Mqwgk,;3  
   (C) live and work sMHP=2##  
   (D) to live and to work :vo# (  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 PGNH<E)  
-kkp Ew\  
二、介词 T'${*NVn  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 JthW"{E  
}Jm~b9j  
(一) 介词搭配 K! jMW  
gq~6 jf>  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those ("txj[v-/  
    A         B   C      F7lzc )  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. {}DoRp q=  
                D }+ dDGFk  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 !v68`l15  
_]6n]koD,  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. } 3JOC!;;  
A       B     C  D +LB2V3UZ  
分析:B错改为be rich in #Zj3SfU~`  
{2=f,,|+f  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the =niT]xf  
    A         B      C +XoY@|Djd  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. ?*dt JL  
             D Y"UB\_=  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 n?}7vz;  
Ta NcnAY>9  
3fd?xhWbN  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 J|.n bSE  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 ?AYb@&%  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. %[WOQ.Sh  
          A      B  C     D ?G<.W[3  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 O%*:fd,o-  
++Fv )KY@  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 3F?_{A  
                 A  B     I~) A!vp  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on PsO>&Te2  
      C vu|-}v?:  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. fx*Q,}t  
      D ,u^%[ejH  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 n0%5mTUN  
sj8lvIY5  
2、介词by i<- a-Z+^  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by NEW0dF&)  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing 3_N1 y  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States 1HBWOV7z.?  
    A         B       +O!4~k^  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. ~'VVCtA  
   C     D gVI T6"/  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 Uc( z|  
i#:M2&twE  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils )*nZ6Cg'  
   A                      &x)nK  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to 7=a=@D[  
     B    C       D *QA{xvT  
   supply moccasins and field rations. UY^TTRrH  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 $%.,=~W7  
3v>w$6  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with EL(B XJrx{  
        A                iiv`ji  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements x\aCZ  
        B          C   :4[_&]H  
  that are often represented at symbols. p Cgm!t?/  
              D kJpr:4;@_  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 }gKY_e3  
三、谓语动词 Qq3>Xv <  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 +zZ]Txb(  
①、主谓分割原则 )WsR 8t k  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, IAMtMO^L  
     A     <4P.B?-/t  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. wowWq\euY  
        B      C      D E&>;a!0b]  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 Q} |0  
@./ @"mR<  
②、与后者一致原则 )!=fy']  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, m O"Rq 5  
not only…but also |y&vMx~t  
+>Pq]{Uf1j  
0u bf]Z  
③、与前者一致原则 )3^#CD  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, @ 1FWBH~  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 r{wf;5d(  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and _ygdv\^Tet  
     A      B  C     zS '{F> w  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. b6g/SIae  
         D ,{d=<j_  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is p+V::O&&r  
{BZ0x2  
④、就近原则 d>wG6Z,|  
or, either…or, neither…nor, cd] X5)$h  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are @%!Gj{   
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is ([]\7}+8  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 R)Dh;XA  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 S"/gZfxer  
$x2G/5?  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are RQ,X0 pS  
        A      B        v1$ }JX   
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. +'a G{/J  
    C              D (, $Lp0mB7  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 zwK$ q=-:  
-l{ wB"  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 y2Vc[o(NP  
There are five apples that are red. 4|NcWpaV7  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 Rk}=SB-  
x5,|kJ9S  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets 2 G$-:4B  
      A            Hr/J6kyB)  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. <n0j'P>1  
   B   C    D 4}Hf"L[ l  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 ]o`FF="at  
)T@+"Pw8t  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 }te dh  
The rich are not always happier than the poor.  3,Bm"'b6  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 =%wBC;  
||.Ve,<:  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 4<U6jB5  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: F-Ywl)  
a. there be 句型 EZ^M?awB4  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 2^&5D,}0  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 IF3V5Q  
XU$\.g p-  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. e{d$OzT) V  
   A     B      C    D    6dYUMqQ  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is }fz;La:b  
m ,TYF  
IF|%.%I$!U  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific &qZ:"k  
             A     B    D]d2opBLj  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 2graLJ?9Z  
     C         P87qUC  
  miles in width. ,T7(!)dR  
     D  mKBPIQ+ZS  
分析:倒装句,are改为is kam \dn04  
Y ptP_R:2p  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and wGnFDkCNz  
   A    B       C         S31+ j:"  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film >"+bL6#  
                    D %R1$M318  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. 04R- }  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 (Y]G6> Oa  
9$P*fx&m  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 )wz3 m L  
fifty percent of + 名词 lDhuL;9e  
one percent of + 名词 L<TL6  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: qW:\6aEG  
  one percent of my students + are 4f> s2I&pQ  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. `1"Xj ^ YM  
$WK~|+"{>  
这里要强调两个结构 Ie8jBf -  
half of =fifty percent W02swhS  
most of + 可数名词 + are \d{S3\7  
most of + 不可数名词+ is 6)~J5Fb  
DnW*q/=w  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been G[5z3  
   A       B         C   lGtTZ cg  
  found in central and eastern Canada. S^4T#/  
           D " tUF,G(<  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 (Cjw^P|Y@  
L@HWm;aN  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized /{d5$(Y"  
                 A   B  B)4>:j:{?W  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. c*# *8R9.y  
              C     D [Vaw$c-+[y  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 :F`yAB3  
'u{DFMB-A  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 Lk~aM bw#  
①、主要考察时间状语 MKN],l N  
wO {-qrN  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. .[KXO0Ui6u  
   A        B  C     D `vPc&.-K  
evBr{oi@  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was >C|i^4ppI  
$m-rn'Q  
b];p/V# <  
②、For和since的区别 b\O%gg\p%!  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 qOk=:1`3  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 5#v|t\ {  
  I has been a teacher for three years. *To 5\|  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. <) ` ?s  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 3 O)^Hq+9  
kr|u ||   
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became , 9C~%c0Pw  
   A      B              >[ox|_o  
  the primary responsibility of the president. nd[{DF?)/  
     C    D fv",4L  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 LZB=vc|3/  
8sG0HI$f+  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of JP t=~e(  
             A  B  C   pUz;e#J|  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. `;9Z?]}`  
            D ;L gxL Qy;  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 -Pr1 r  
w)hH8jx{  
~P47:IZf  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  SeC[,  
   A       B        C     D V u/{Hr  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live 8~=<!(M)m/  
e7(iMe  
(三) 谓语的语态 :q .g#:1s  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 DRn]>IFU  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: 3Vu_-.ID  
①、prove b 6FC  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 R<J1bH1n3  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; |bwz  
;PO{ ips  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming !&$uq| -  
                      A   J 8z|ua  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be wN|;_~h2  
    B                  C P;V$%r`yD  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. t J{3Z}K  
                  D ScgaWJ  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 <}G*/ z?/  
; S(KJV  
,eI2#6w|C  
②、Locate,Situate &%@b;)]J  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 0^H"eQO  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 &tNnW   
这两个词也可以用作被动 S2TyNZbQ  
  My school was located near the river. X=8CZq4  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 Oy,7>vWQI  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. ~HFqAOr  
   (A)locates X]Aobtz  
   (B)locating +f} u.T_#  
   (C)to locate zS9HR1  
   (D)is located FZvh]ZX  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 Y#VtZTcT  
{Wi)/B}  
③、表示需要概念的动词 CFLWo1  
need, want, require等 X,] E {  
gB3Tz(!  
My watch needed repairing qZV.~F+  
My watch needed to be repaired. E*sQ|" g  
Jq5](F!z  
④、表示人的情感的动词 ^69ZX61vt  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 G1 =/G  
hxB` hu-  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 ^Fn~@'  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 ?o D]J  
Knjg`f  
主动和被动技巧总结: x%Fy1.  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 JZUf-0q  
[ r<0[  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the ,. K}uW  
                 A      ,S%DHT  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, ?BEO(;'  
                 B Qy!;RaA3T  
  power structures, and flood-control works along oIJ.Tv@N(  
                    C >!gW]{  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. t0"2Si  
                D vJ a?5Jr  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 TwT@_~ IM  
79bt%P  
四、非谓语动词 8%,u~ELA  
u&Lp  
(一) 分词 3c|u2Pl  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 M,R**z  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 B=;p wX  
,QZNH?Cp/  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then Q$B\)9`v[  
   A d>YX18'<Q  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. *$Tz g!/  
     B      C            D tm#[.  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning O~bJ<O=?  
"P9SW?',  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 Dx*tolF  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in +)06*"I  
      A               B   c) q'" r  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. ?Dn 6  
               C         D 5@/hqOiu  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living 6jpfo'uB$  
.Z #8,<+  
s<b(@L 1  
一些动词后面必须用doing 8HxtmFqG  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 :3 p&h[M  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, v;$cx*?  
 advocate, suggest #_9Jam%M  
 delay, quit _Y 8RP%  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, o7^u@*"F  
 avoid, escape(逃避) kgGMA 7Jy  
 spend+名词+doing; UkzLUok]U  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing >@+ r|  
mJFFst,  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their ;: 4PT~\*  
   A     B    C              D 88~ lP7J  
  crops. <v+M~"%V  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 c8}jO=/5+  
[D= KI&@&O  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, "Wz74bl e  
               A        B 6SVh6o@]  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. =!P  
        C          D }$D{YHF  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing 5nh:S0M6V  
YM4njkI7  
(二) 不定式 3lo.YLP^  
A. 动词不定式的省略 \L4+Dv<z  
①、help后面可以省略to $]I" ,ef  
  help do kp>AZVk  
  help sb. to do [&H?--I  
K.I  \E  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid bc ;(2D  
              A      B   Qe;j_ BH  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. RQt\_x7P  
         C     D ~vv\A5O[|  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 m~ U2 L  
]CZ&JL  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 ]id5jVY  
  make, 3GU JlFj  
  let, o:C],G_  
  have sb. do sth 3|g]2|~w@h  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. tW7*(D  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians `Q~`Eq?@  
        A               B ^"hsbk&Yu  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. T.R (  
   C     D G: p!PB>=  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know p/GYfa dU  
{Kh u'c  
③、感官动词 n^m6m%J)  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe =|G l  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 3[E)/~-  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 K;}h u(*\]  
|[]"{Eo"}  
*=O~TY<](  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 QA3q9,C"  
(1)表示第一人 wt@q+9:  
the first woman to do sth. |Skxa\MI  
Uhz<B #tj  
(2)表示迫使的动词 I 8 \Ka=w  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do X(;,-7Jw  
,Uh7Q-vd  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis I}aiy.l  
     A                 B    qq+fUfB2:  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. v! pT!(h4  
       C           D nD$CY K  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 p7A&r:qq#  
=N9a!i i|  
W]UGo,  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 #.(6 .Li  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 `.FvuwP  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 Jz!8Xg%a  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 hK+Iow-  
  be apt to do tfr*/+F  
/l,V0+p  
(4)表示目的的名词, FX FTf2*T  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 ]Xur/C2A  
固定的句式: :/BU-SFK^  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. $f-f0t'  
the objective 目标 aMSX"N"ot  
aim 6BihZ|H04  
goal dooS|Mq  
reason理由 g3%Xh0007{  
function功能 $T\z  
intension意图 O;9'0-F ?  
;[]{O5TB  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing x.CNDG  
                       A  *7C t#GC  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. ;^}gC}tq  
           B          C     D O!}TZfC  
分析:the function to provide, A错 zo-hH8J:  
OAMsqeWYA  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure TKpka]nJ  
                  A       TC80nP   
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds ty|E[Ez1  
     B  sv0) sL  
  that make up various components of a living cell. CA)DQYp{  
    C    D wfQ 6J0  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 V,<3uQD9a  
?(el6J}  
(5) 其他同根名词 P08=?  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 -t_t3aU|  
 attempt to do 企图 GsG.9nd  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 5t`< KRz)I  
 ambition, 96UL](l(`  
 be ambitious to do  > 4>!zZ  
 effort q~68)D(  
=&RpW7]  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation +G';no\h  
  A                    B   SFVOof#s  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. _KBN  
          C       D 9P;}P ! W  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 P` Hxj> {  
Umx~!YL!  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great o2  
  A                   B   RKoM49W  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. od=%8z  
       C            D fYrC;&n  
分析:efforts to register, C错 #=mLQSiQ  
(}ObX!,  
h"Qp e'D}  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 cPD&xVwq>  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 #-5.G>8  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. ~9%L)nC2'  
coa+@g,w7#  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 G?`{OW3:_  
I am glad to see you. v_M-:e3`  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. nn[OC=cDN  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. E,u/^V9x  
:;Z?2P5i  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 *AK{GfP_  
It is difficult to decide. wq K:=  
=.T50~+M  
8EbJ5wu/%S  
五、句子的结构 JZ=ahSi  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 [;6,lI}  
p;#@#>h  
(一) 主语的重复 }eKY%WU>O  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 `Hlv*" w$  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any vs=8x\W  
          A      B      |q+3X)Y  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the ?7;_3+T#  
          C          D 9NXL8QmC8  
  League of Nations. Gl am(V1  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 dZ6\2ok+  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson n1Ic[cM}  
tJ 3Hg8;  
+"yt/9AO  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are d ,"L8  
        A        B  5xb1FH d:  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. N byc,a[o  
    C         D $u"*n\k>  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 au+6ookT  
r &.gOC  
(二)谓语的重复 aG*Mj;J  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 dj}y6V&  
_6Z}_SiOl  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  ;NoD4*  
    A            B    |g`:K0BI  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. d,V]j-  
         C   D bnZ`Wc*5b  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 c{(4s6D  
^2f2g>9j_C  
(三)谓语的缺少 PrQs_ t Ni  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body a +lTAe  
          A     B    dN)@/R^E;  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. Ld4Jp`Zg  
         C               D _mG>^QI.  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 u^X,ASkQ  
XEpwk,8*g  
(四)主句的重复 {8im{]8_  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 <8sy*A?0z  
D//uwom  
@\)a&p]a  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite uzO3_.4Y  
      A         B        C   {!av3Pz\  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. sqjv3=}  
     D ~'u %66  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 @'lO~i  
8 aC]" C  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow ];7/DM#Np  
        A   B       a";xG,U  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. bqI| wGCA"  
      C    D eT ZQ[qMp  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 8pE0ANbq  
1v"r8=Wt  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided \-scGemH  
   A                     B  6~y7A<[^  
  names for towns, only George Washington @K}8zMmW#  
      C ?D]qw4J  
  is remembered in the name of a state. lV )SOs$  
          D }rbsarG@  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 EC0M0qQ  
六、比较级和最高级 %n< .)R  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 ypA)G/;  
n?z^"vv$i  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 ;x~[om21;  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which ,Z 1W3;O  
      A               'h~I#S4!  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. J`@#yHL  
     B       C           D G ?&T0  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 *iW$>Yjb  
|Je+y;P7  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 R 404\XGL  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. c-, 6k  
     A      B     C  D ^FZ7)T  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 g0~3;y  
H%:u9DlEK/  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere 5NECb4FG  
     A       B     C   D bAl0z)p  
  is the grizzly bear. /^>yDG T,0  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 !1M=9 ~$!  
r31H Zx1^  
8;r7ksE~  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 {=Ku9\  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 +v}R-gNR  
L beMP  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with  ,B<Tt|'  
   A           B  ,UD,)ZPf[  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. 43?J~}<Vs  
   C                 D yfD)|lK  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 6c/Tm0[  
7v~\c%1V  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 m )2t<  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as X[cSmkp7  
$ZPiM  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 sDH|k@K  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 |Gw[vY  
the taller boy _S(]/d(c  
c9dH ^t  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 :q2tda  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed jnK8 [och  
          A            B 042sjt  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is KJwkkCE/=  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. %KeQp W  
    C          D \Mv8pU  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they U=C8gVb{Hq  
s q_N !  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 6NCa=9  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, dm Lgt)-t  
  A  B         C     g#V3u=I8~  
  the Navajos form largest group. >NN|vj  
         D (WK $ )f  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 U4_ <  
-#b-@sD  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, gFvFd:"uZ  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language hnM|=[wM  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the #ZIV>(Q\H  
}TRr*] P<%  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many AAsl )  
            A      B         C & b}!KD1  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. #3$U&|`  
            D IPcAE!h6zN  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 &_&])V)<\S  
sp[nKo ^  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the 9 il!w g?  
例如:my best friends 6%ID*  
xVKx#X9yk  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial d[rxmEXht  
            A    B     C RGLwtN  
  and banking center. *D;B%j^;  
        D jRB:o?S  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 &)fPz-s  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 H:9( XW  
OU9=O>  
5 qG7LO.  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary yYdXAenQ  
                 A         jK I+-s  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. i>,5b1x~  
    B   C     D [ Q=) f  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 ])~*)I~Y  
a%(1#2^`q!  
七、平行结构 *TE6p  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 9KXp0Q?-$  
tk} qvW.Ii  
pBL{DgX  
(一) 对等连接词 |.(o4<nx.  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 %7 J  
单一式: and, or ,but 4sZ^:h,1  
相关式: both…and, not … but,  & .(ZO]  
     either …or, neither…nor s|,gn5  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as WJz   
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, S8"X7\d{  
没有so...as... M"p$9t  
between…and, z+-k4  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also u%}vTCg*p  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, S$JM01  
#v(+3Hp  
短语式: as well as jjl4A} *0  
     rather than (而不是) NoYu"57\  
     other than (除…之外) kN]#;R6  
     instead of (代替) @KS:d\l}U  
^Gd <miw  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 j/Bzbjq"  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  9m6w.:S  
       A     B   bJBx~  
  but he is now living in Detroit. z6{0\#'K  
       C   D R [uo:.  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 A>k+ 4|f  
K}Z'!+<U  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics 9MXauTK I  
       A         B gJF;yW 4  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford t"BpaA^gO  
  remained active in city and regional planning. ;TW@{re  
          C    D  | c8u  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 ?tSY=DK\n  
(二)平行的内容 ,5L &$Q6  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 7NXT.E~2  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of foJ|Q\Z,T  
             A         B   f%|g7[  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, ix$+NM<n  
         C            D D l"y|  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. ]mqB&{g  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 !*\^-uvaK  
_*`AGda  
z&t6,0q`5  
第二、名词单复数的平行 R0=/ Th -  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 |owh F  
}5S2v+zE  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, .[_&>@bmrP  
  A     B          C   k~hL8ZT[  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. TZ*i b~  
                 D   uC}YKT>V7  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 97&6iTYA  
M1g|m|H7  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, ^1nf|Xj [  
                   A         B dZYS5_w r  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. ;x7SY;0*  
      C          D Df4n9m}E  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have "?il07+w%  
UU !I@  
第三、时态的平行 ~/.&Z`ls  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated m[7a~-3:J  
                A     <l6CtK@  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops O4 #zsr:"  
                   B 8~I>t9Q+  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. MdKZH\z/  
          C    D QJTC@o  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 $C>EnNx  
jBQQ?cA  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- aL`pvsnF  
  spread from its home in Central America and VT9$&\)>O  
  now grows throughout the tropics. }s|v-gRM{  
   (A) to be    (B) it   Jw^+t)t  
   (C) the     (D) its W=b5{ 6  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? ,=ICSS~9l  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow ;F:(5GBi  
_]4cY%s  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- |p+VitM7  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. 8sIGJ|ku   
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised 3! +5MsR+  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised #ea ey+~  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 H Ow][}M_w  
vZKo&jU k  
第四、排列位置的平行 h%O`,iD2  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. $W2g2[+  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode b)V[d8IA  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  s810714  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes qle\c[UM5  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes Uarb [4OZ  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 JE j+>  
fT@#S}t  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: YF"D;.  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 A ssf f;  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 h!Ka\By8#  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 *n*OVI8L  
w7 QIKsI0  
八、词序的颠倒 b2 ),J  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 /Ly%-py-$  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 Rub""Ga  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage /M#A[tZ3  
              A    B        NLdUe32A  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. :4WwCpgz,  
      C       D    H p,r @  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 eg}|%GG  
c_" .+Fa  
~@-Az([H  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 :l6sESr  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only ^C'k.pV n~  
          A      B     +28FB[W  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. $;@s  
    C         D "ex? #qD&  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 c#l (~g$D+  
ZSbD4 |_  
Qn<< &i~  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 Vb1@JC9b  
O" z=+79q  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were VRxBi!d  
          A   B     C   ];< [Cln%  
  in what is now the United States. PM_q"}-  
    D bg$e80  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 8gx^e./  
E-Mp|y/V  
所有的系动词分为三大类: a|fyo#L  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, .t["kaA  
    is, remain, keep, stay, T? =jKLPC  
    lie, exit(表示位于) ."h;H^5  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 =XYfzR  
    become, turn, grow, Ya>cGaLq  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) l,d8% \  
>`lf1x  
第三种,感官动词 Y@pa+~[{h3  
    seem(好像是) ah}aL7dgO  
    look(看起来好像是) 'T.> oP0>  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste RJg# A`  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 {^ N = hI  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe t=U[ ;?  
    A               B     i1scoxX3\  
   to cause numerous deaths. n ,H;PB  
        C   D  KJ~f ~2;  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 OtnYv  
!Dun<\  
九、词性的混用 jCy2bE  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 =b; v:HC  
/ P{f#rV5  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 < 'T6k\  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; wCkkfTO  
v1;`.PWD  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high kH{axMNc  
          A        B      Ot(EDa9}IJ  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and 6KV&E8Gn  
              C S"fnT*:.%  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. `< VoZ/v  
          D o6svSS  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) g*8s h  
m,8A2;&,8  
-B@jQg@ >  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用  #p\sw  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 4R^'+hy|?  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds Mc{1Cdj  
         A       B      {KODwP'~  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to IDcu#Nz`  
          C        L(}T-.,Slr  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. /I: d<A  
            D ptrLnJ|%  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 g_.BJ>Uv  
y?Fh%%uNr  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, &W}ooGg  
            A       d(R3![:  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of CJ KFNa  
      B      C 1G$kO90  
   urban Black people in the United States. %vyjn&13  
   D %z1WdiC  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 t5[{ihv~:  
`W{Ye=|[d#  
`P"-9Ue=  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 dht1I`i"B  
表示时间有两种可能,  03_tt7  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 v ;{s@CM m  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, Pp #!yMxBr  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 Of Y>~d  
$wC]S4C  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence &!Y^DR/  
       A     B     Uu8Z2M  
  were made while the American Civil War. Ca]vK'(  
   C    D naM4X@jl  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 e2Ba@e-  
aFd ,   
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the ka*VQXk*  
   A      B           C    D)f hk!<  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. 8_mdh+  
          D <-X)<k  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 Dy0cA| E  
Kl\A&O*{  
vQYd!DSh  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 =i\~][-  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 + ECV|mkk  
\d%&_rp  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social ]:Ocu--  
                   A     %\Ig{Rj;  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. l,-smK69  
     B   C    D C&K%Q3V  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 Z9 }qds6 y  
E^T/Qu  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples 5{[3I|m{  
   A        B   C      :G,GHU'/78  
  easily under the stress of compression. VqbMFr<k  
   D Y=/HsG\W]  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 N@Bqe{r6j  
5"]PwC  
2lE { P  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 ^7~=+0cF]  
-L</,>p  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine hDjsGB|Fz  
    A         B nU||Jg  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. rL&585  
          C            D $BkdC'D  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 12;" K?7{  
(~zdS.  
IgR_p7['.  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, h&; \   
         A U_Emp[  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. {(7C=)8):  
   B      C      D xGPt5l<M&  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 akrEZ7A  
1!0BE8s"@  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 ^L*:0P~  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; /XtxgO\T.  
two hundred diligent students
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