该错题常考要点 n25tr'=
一、代词 s>``-
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代词中主要讲解六个问题 9PGR#!!F$
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 lvJ{=~u
主格、宾格、所有格 |wb(rua
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)
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(二) 反身代词 1LIV/l^}f
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 TIhzMW\/K
He killed himself. (他自杀了) N5Mz=UgB
He killed him. (他杀了他) LLY;IUK!R
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating ~d `4W<1a
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a series of indicators that could help pvU oed\
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themselves to predict earthquakes. "s<lLgi
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 ;OJ0}\*iP8
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 fToI,FA
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 >b?)WNk
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 R./ 6Q1
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies TPFmSDq
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the OT3;qT*fw
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Pacific. r+pjv_R
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 l*H"]6cXRL
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 8~#Q *
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: XqH<)B
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Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 xU<lv{m`D
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined hP<qK Vy
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the word“normalcy”to express social and >v,j;[(
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economic conditions they promised the nation. r/L]uSN
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 7"i*J6y*
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important J3+8s[oJ>
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John AI; =k
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Keats, published the year of her death. >;W(Jb7e
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. ^0-=(JrC
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(四) Who和which的区别 Ngnjr7Q={T
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 a"aV&t
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 $8r:&Iw
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who OhEL9"\<
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. PM7/fv*,
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 i>2_hn_UR
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 cC.DBYV+-
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(五) that和which的区别 9#!tzDOtD
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 >k|[U[@
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it :^a$ve3(Jq
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. Vk-_H)*r
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 _wCSL.
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 cDg27
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Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, r
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Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when Gj 3/&'k6
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. &bQ^J%\
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which '! (`?
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly {SV$fl;
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. 4hIC&W~f
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 R9(^CWs
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has X}$S|1CjO
affected the way people in the United States----. Cb.Aw!
(A) living and working 1a<~Rmcil
(B) they live and work 6k2~j j1
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(C) live and work I8y\D,
(D) to live and to work +\4=G@P.J
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 *3|KbCX
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二、介词 \;}dSSB1
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 9V~yK?
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(一) 介词搭配 ;I>`!|mT
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those vsK>?5{C-
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. j2+&B9(
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 J{H475GqiT
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. ws=y*7$y
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分析:B错改为be rich in ~34$D],D
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the di"*K*~y
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. s:%>H|-
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 /SyiJCx0
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 bp }~{]:b
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 o;t{YfK
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. B|!Re4`0
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 &`@K/Nf$9
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has ]1X];x&e
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on C@xh$(y
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. d35 ,[
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 )H)HR`
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2、介词by 0Nmd*r
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by Y}PI{PN
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing l2xM.vR
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States pbJs3uIR
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. ri6_u;Ch
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils M*|x,K= U
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to Tw
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supply moccasins and field rations. UE5T%zd /
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 |.X?IJ`
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with 0KE+RzrB
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements l@%MS\{
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that are often represented at symbols. ^ 14U]<
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 IZ/+RO n
三、谓语动词 QOB>TvE
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 h${+{1](6
①、主谓分割原则 1TJ2HO=Y
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, [2
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. \9N1:
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 >+ulLQqe
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