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主题 : 该错题常考要点
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楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

该错题常考要点

该错题常考要点 }L|XZL_Jo#  
一、代词 u/L\e.4  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 '>r"+X^W  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 `Yc>I!iN  
  主格、宾格、所有格 O.+X,CQG*  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) 3UQ~U 8  
/<oBgFMoJ  
(二) 反身代词 '} LAZQ"  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 $9O%,U@  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) Tta+qjr  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) &(HI BF'O  
M]OZS\9.B  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  1]Gp \P}  
    A                 B    p=8?hI/bim  
  a series of indicators that could help 4 g^oy^~  
             C      eLAhfG  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. ~b.e9FhdA  
    D }F4   
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 j #)K /`  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 @^kt[$X;  
S?Z"){  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 -|~tZuf  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 9N]V F'  
) YP 9  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies |*WE@L5  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the $'>h7].  
     A   B      C          D ;nB.f.e`  
  Pacific.  @Iy&Qo  
byUstm6y  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 2{o eJ  
@ "=wn:O+  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 H o;bgva  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: <ny)yK  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 hO@VYO   
vCh/%7+  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined .;xt{kK  
                       A   cc^[ u+  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and RIO4`,  
             B H_CX5=Nq^  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. y`OL^D4  
   C       D .s !qf!{V`  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 Tn7(A^h'  
=,-&h V  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important BL^8gtdn  
        A     c$>$2[*=  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John \Y{^Q7!>:8  
   B        C      eQRY xx{  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  +=/FKzT<  
      D _s_%}8o  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. 3bi,9 >%  
&~xzp^&  
/T_ G9zc  
(四) Who和which的区别 :sY pZX1  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 u#l@:p  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 oe8sixZ[  
18AKM  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who RnX:T)+o  
              A            B 1%nE  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. sr&hQ  
   C                  D kT+Idu  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 g J8+HV  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 vThK@P!s  
(0=e ,1 n  
(五) that和which的区别 $#k8xb  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 GYX/G>-r  
v^=Po6S[{+  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it VoOh$&"M  
              A        B FSs<A@  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. )NoNgU\7!  
      C              D "lFS{7  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 KZ"&c~[  
+ti_?gfx  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 F.s*^}L[  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ^4W NP  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when zJH#J=O  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. {W[OjPC~F  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which zT\nj&7  
s\)0f_I  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly m0I)_R#X[  
              A         B   00?_10x)  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. % Rv ;e  
         C      D PJ-EQ6W  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 A)2eo<ij4  
k $kOp *X  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  N-0kB vo  
  affected the way people in the United States----. 78=a^gRB  
   (A) living and working BwLggo  
   (B) they live and work r%craf  
   (C) live and work FN$sST  
   (D) to live and to work Bb,l.w  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 N(6Q`zs  
h U3!  
二、介词 d@$]/=%  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 I@$cw3  
n=z=%T6  
(一) 介词搭配 >@Nn_d  
'n>v}__&|  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those gB3Tz(!  
    A         B   C      qZV.~F+  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. E*sQ|" g  
                D "^Ax}Jr  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 ?tA<:.<vtY  
>FR;Ux~a  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. )YtdU(^J$  
A       B     C  D TtWE:xE  
分析:B错改为be rich in {:63% j  
l_ES $%d  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the g'%^-S ]  
    A         B      C DjMhI_Yu  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. "PK`Ca@`v  
             D sTb@nrRxH  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 j><8V Qx  
@V7HxW7RX  
ZLS\K/F>>=  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 A.v'ws+VDP  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 aANzL  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. ~ Pm[Ud  
          A      B  C     D -Wt (t2  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 h{Zd, 9H  
0sR+@ \  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 8rNRQOXOa  
                 A  B     w vQ.9  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on %n!7'XF'[  
      C &x#3N=c#  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. yQ/E0>Uj!  
      D {Rv0@)P$  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 )_H>d<di  
q qFN4AO  
2、介词by I&s!}$cD  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by px~:'U  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing .271at#-  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States =*\(Y (0  
    A         B       "~nUwW|=1  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. gc"A Tc  
   C     D [Q:C\f]  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 Frd`u .I  
G1?m}{ D)  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils *vS)aRK  
   A                      )"sJaHx<  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to 3$#=* Zp  
     B    C       D rWS],q=c  
   supply moccasins and field rations. ])v WvNx  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 U3rpmml  
&3~_9+  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with U+7!Vpq  
        A                #}8 x  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements I;rh(FMV  
        B          C   E!]d?t3 b  
  that are often represented at symbols. f)9{D[InM^  
              D qV&ai{G:  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 .J fV4!=o  
三、谓语动词 "IMq +  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 /vrjg)fer  
①、主谓分割原则 9{Xh wi)z  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, %5-   
     A     LPK[ ^  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. .~Y% AI  
        B      C      D csCi0'u  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 S<=|i  
-h1FrDBt  
②、与后者一致原则 ZB5u\NpcW  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, C#@>osC  
not only…but also GkYD:o=qx  
,?(IRiq%  
%o4HCzId<  
③、与前者一致原则 kO'_g1f<[  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, ly)L%hG  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 6fcn(&Qk  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and +E8}5pDt  
     A      B  C     hJasnY7  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. t}A n:  
         D |C_sP,W  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is 0$e]?]X6  
<'l;j"&lp  
④、就近原则 Yh 9fIRR  
or, either…or, neither…nor, & GM&,  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are GFmVR2z_+  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is 97~*Z|#<+  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 b{i7FRR>o4  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 &] euL:C  
'@ C\,E  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are 3t^r;b  
        A      B        Kl)PF),  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. 0"O22<K3a  
    C              D (y;8izp9!  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 .-W_m7&}  
]&kzIxh  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 KXy|Si8w  
There are five apples that are red. SpG^kI #  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 wtL_c  
Ikbz3]F^V  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets |K%nVcR=  
      A            wt@q+9:  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. zXHCP.Rmg  
   B   C    D E'J|  p7  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 ]c \gUU  
c%+9uu3  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 @ I '_  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. XNU[\I  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 `Al5(0Q  
k 8;  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 )D:I@`*  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: b]NSCu*)s  
a. there be 句型 54Baz  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 45hjN6   
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 Ba\l`$%X  
JWa9[Dj  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. /Wh} ;YTv^  
   A     B      C    D    w6f VZY4  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is ^fLePsmd  
Xw=>L#Q  
:/BU-SFK^  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific D! 1oYr  
             A     B    _M/ckv1q@  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 6BihZ|H04  
     C         dooS|Mq  
  miles in width. g3%Xh0007{  
     D  $T\z  
分析:倒装句,are改为is O;9'0-F ?  
?*~W  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and F#X&Tb{  
   A    B       C         ec: ?Q0  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film  iK$)Iy0  
                    D ysV0Ed  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. yVvO!  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 92F (Sl  
+ RX{  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 ~a:0Q{>a  
fifty percent of + 名词  u%<Je  
one percent of + 名词 5Xu2MY=  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: G};os+FxF  
  one percent of my students + are Z5re Fok  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. wfQ 6J0  
O(8Px  
这里要强调两个结构 LfEeFF=#n  
half of =fifty percent &13qlc6  
most of + 可数名词 + are <(dHh9$~  
most of + 不可数名词+ is (+d7cln  
9k mkF,  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been Bb2;zOGdA  
   A       B         C   yrOWC  
  found in central and eastern Canada. Eg&xIyRmm  
           D t{#B td  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 QFMR~6 ?  
]z Ea tY  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized @:u>  
                 A   B  FES_:?.0  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. TbqH-R3W  
              C     D 7\>P@s  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 ocCq$%Ka  
w& yK*nBK  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 F !DDlYUz.  
①、主要考察时间状语 qdkhfm2(K  
\c1u$'|v  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. !n9H[QP^9  
   A        B  C     D {cmY`to  
~9%L)nC2'  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was coa+@g,w7#  
L?_'OwaY  
8S*3W3HY  
②、For和since的区别 kr ,&aP<,  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 i\~@2  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 cAFYEx/(  
  I has been a teacher for three years. 7A6Qrfw  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. = BcKWC  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 <'WS -P%U  
O5X@'.#rU  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became ViZ Tl~  
   A      B              kA c8[Hn  
  the primary responsibility of the president. \! `k:lusa  
     C    D v_U+wga  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 d\c?sYLv  
f/"? (7F  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of }4$k-,1S  
             A  B  C   Bs?B\k=  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. >)`yG'[  
            D $TU:iv1Fm  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 IOL5p*:gz  
]lQLA IQ  
AFMIp^F  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  _P].Z8  
   A       B        C     D B}?$kp  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live |.]g&m)y^h  
Fu%D2%V$/  
(三) 谓语的语态 ]h3{M Tr/  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 ,ma4bqRMc  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: OYY k[r  
①、prove xZ\`f-zL  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 xZE%Gf_U  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; Uo ]x6j<  
oS0rP'V^  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming  0?80V'  
                      A   g&]n:qx  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be R? Ys%~5  
    B                  C W{!Slf  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. b<E0|VW  
                  D B k yW  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 )O:T\{7+  
,6Ua+\|  
@%[ dh@oY  
②、Locate,Situate 8GKqPS+  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 [j;#w,Wb  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 hsJS(qEh.'  
这两个词也可以用作被动 oMV^W^<  
  My school was located near the river. %CaF-m=Pq  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 x7!YA>  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. .>^iU}  
   (A)locates WoSJp5By$  
   (B)locating l(A>Rw|  
   (C)to locate ];U}'&  
   (D)is located JANP_b:t  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 w=}R'O;k  
 Z5[f  
③、表示需要概念的动词 <1XJa2  
need, want, require等 }DzN-g<K  
.4cOMiG  
My watch needed repairing \+I+Lrj%  
My watch needed to be repaired. ^hIKDc!.m  
kFZjMchm A  
④、表示人的情感的动词 I/Q5Y-atg  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 #h~v(Z}  
&-B&s.,kj  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 1Zi(5S)  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 6H:'_|G  
bR&<vrMmrA  
主动和被动技巧总结: -_xC,dwK  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 |vf /M|  
:eR[lR^4*  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the eK_Yt~dj  
                 A      !tr /$  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, DUOSL  
                 B Kj`sq":Je0  
  power structures, and flood-control works along ja|XFs~  
                    C y+D"LeCAad  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. j"Vb8}  
                D  ~hxo_&  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 D|BP]j}6  
W;9Jah.  
四、非谓语动词 kn1+lF@  
sJ(q.FRM'  
(一) 分词 D8I)3cXa'  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 B>TI dQ  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 &ivPY  
$}/Q%r  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then 3ZKaqwK  
   A $={WtR  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. 9v2(cpZ  
     B      C            D <fLk\ =  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning 8*V8B=q} K  
;PrL)!  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 >&kb|)  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in .$,.w__m ~  
      A               B   7:_\t!]  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. G?OwhX  
               C         D G3G"SJ np  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living [Bz'c1  
# Y*cLN`Y7  
cP~?Iz8nD  
一些动词后面必须用doing Y_) aoRjB  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 e!5nz_J1}  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, V %cU @  
 advocate, suggest QzQTE-SQ  
 delay, quit F;IG@ &  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, Czs4jHTa`  
 avoid, escape(逃避) Q.Kr;64G  
 spend+名词+doing; O_p:`h: ;M  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing Ass8c]H@  
cJ%u&2J_  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their V^t5 Y+7  
   A     B    C              D m_TZY_;  
  crops. U/B1/96lJ  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 C_[V[k0(  
I [J0r  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,  pPm9v_G  
               A        B fNi&1J-/  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. ] =jnt  
        C          D >a]4}  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing <[^nD>t_  
 #EpDIL  
(二) 不定式 v UA YYe  
A. 动词不定式的省略 [)`9euR%  
①、help后面可以省略to N1UE u,j  
  help do gFvFd:"uZ  
  help sb. to do hnM|=[wM  
<ZJ>jZV0*  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid VwoCR q*  
              A      B   .ukP)rGe  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. >R?EJ;h  
         C     D {Gs&u>>R"^  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 "w`f>]YLA  
I0O)MR<  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 )\uy 0+b  
  make, P _t8=d  
  let, cW),Y|8  
  have sb. do sth U<eVLfSij  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. qkv.,z"  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians )F<<M+q=  
        A               B 0i$jtCCL(  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. /U)w:B+p/g  
   C     D ']f]:X;6 w  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know 7F3Hkvd[k  
&P!^k0NJR  
③、感官动词 <HG~ #oBRq  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe (EU X>IJ  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 ;oC85I  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 Z|d_G}  
e?L$RY,7  
U*k$pp6\b~  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 V Q<Z`5eV  
(1)表示第一人 yN~=3b>  
the first woman to do sth. .6$ST Ksr  
GFlsI-*`  
(2)表示迫使的动词 fdd 3H[  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do HK&F'\'}  
YQ37P?u@  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis .,m$Cm  
     A                 B    R) @ k|  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. Z1\_[GA  
       C           D a%(1#2^`q!  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 B7 }-g"p$/  
g"C$B Fc  
C _[jQTr  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 pBL{DgX  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 |.(o4<nx.  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 %7 J  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 4sZ^:h,1  
  be apt to do T | 4c\  
~`-9i{L  
(4)表示目的的名词, KM0 #M'dXy  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 <,rjU*"  
固定的句式: g s'bv#4yd  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. G =< KAJ  
the objective 目标 yuI5# VUS  
aim tvb hWYe  
goal <o?qpW$,>  
reason理由 wc__g8?'  
function功能 1Tiq2+hmf  
intension意图 B[$KnQM9Y  
-h.YQC`  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing W Ua-hm2:  
                       A  }#E4t3  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. a~XNRAh  
           B          C     D ,#WXAA mm  
分析:the function to provide, A错 !%@n 067  
qHHWe<}OT  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure ( I,V+v+{Y  
                  A       h/_z QR-  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds 7Q[P  
     B  ]e"NJkcm  
  that make up various components of a living cell. 9L&AbmIr  
    C    D K@>v|JD  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 /5J! s="  
dR=SW0Oa{  
(5) 其他同根名词 ZcdS?Z2k  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 /?J_7Lg  
 attempt to do 企图 ,5L &$Q6  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 7NXT.E~2  
 ambition, foJ|Q\Z,T  
 be ambitious to do  f%|g7[  
 effort JTs.NY <z  
{ _ 1q`5o  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation 8;Pdd1GyUL  
  A                    B   z1Ju;k( 8  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. 'Uc|[l]  
          C       D bC@b9opD  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 <]!IC]+  
Aw |3W ]  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great RdY#B;  
  A                   B   )1]C%)zn  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. k~hL8ZT[  
       C            D TZ*i b~  
分析:efforts to register, C错 +ypT"y  
\o3i9Q9C  
<T&$1m{  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 P]x@h  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 #".{i+3E  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. P$oa6`% l  
?IWLl  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 "?il07+w%  
I am glad to see you. 6D+k[oHZm  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. Y/ h ay[6  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. Xgl>kJy<#  
g 08 `=g  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 npe*A  
It is difficult to decide. 8q0 .yhb  
v0y7N_U5n  
1|]- F;b  
五、句子的结构 K0#tg^z5d  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 "8rP?B(  
qI"mW@G~H  
(一) 主语的重复 kP6r=HH@  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 *V\kS  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any :G`_IB\  
          A      B      1,mf]7k$  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the (=\P|iv  
          C          D -OHG1"/  
  League of Nations. Vy?w,E0^:  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 W)"q9(T?%  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson HR}c9wy,q\  
Du{]r[[C  
#A/jG v^  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are 3! +5MsR+  
        A        B  e (f)?H  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. }Yt0VtLt  
    C         D C +IXP  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 Nhf!;>  
a2i   
(二)谓语的重复 }cP 3i  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 g &za/F  
:{fsfZXXr  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  J3'"-,Hv  
    A            B    AiyjrEa%  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. f;b(W  
         C   D lH6t  d  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 "au"\}   
lDH0bBmd0  
(三)谓语的缺少 qmK!d<4  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body *yf+5q4t  
          A     B    z!1j8o2  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. 7e40 }n  
         C               D ^fx9R 5E$:  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 '*T7tl  
>S~#E,Tg  
(四)主句的重复 Y3-P*  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 2M;{|U  
1xx-}AIH#  
o`#;[  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite A$ S9 `  
      A         B        C   ?>,aq>2O$  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. { ~Cqb7  
     D R#r?<Ofw4  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 G,XFS8{%  
n3)g{K^  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow }&!rIU  
        A   B       ny MA% 9,B  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. +J^}"dG  
      C    D R sujKh/  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 <}UqtD F 0  
W0?yPP=.  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided hsl Js^  
   A                     B  #ucOjdquq  
  names for towns, only George Washington GI~;2 `V  
      C Ck[Z(=b$$:  
  is remembered in the name of a state. oACE:h9U  
          D ikY=}   
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 %;zA_Wg  
六、比较级和最高级 2S/^"IM["  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 #!5GGe{I  
B[Tw0rQ  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 ;/YSQt)rc>  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which 2x`# f0[  
      A               PCFm@S@Q  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. HL_MuyE  
     B       C           D M r@M~ -  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 &'(:xjN  
N/y.=]  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 d$>1 2>>  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. Et7AAV*8g  
     A      B     C  D CwT52+Jb  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 s~TYzfA  
inhb>zB  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere zS?L3*u   
     A       B     C   D ,;{mH]"s  
  is the grizzly bear. 45_zO#  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。  0tl  
AR)&W/S)7,  
*X,vu2(I-=  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 dp+wwNe  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 lZb1kq%9g  
{U&Mo97rzX  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with Kw'A%7^e  
   A           B  K34y3i_  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. om@` NW  
   C                 D A87Tyk2Pi  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 /X8b=:h  
C[wnor!  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 ;)UZT^f`)K  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as O@Xl_QNxc!  
1{"e'[ L  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 N7Dm,Q]  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 pcL02W|J  
the taller boy E7y<iaA{~  
+dR$;!WB3  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 NjL,0Bp  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed Rqu;;VI[  
          A            B !sfUrUu  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is OHe<U8iu%  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. q}(UC1|  
    C          D K2)),_,@5+  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they ,7tN&R_  
dZv-lMYBE  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 /ptIxe  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, FWPkvL  
  A  B         C     e>"{nOY4  
  the Navajos form largest group. >|H=25N>;  
         D b Kv9F@  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 O!uX:TE|Q  
vhdT"7`U  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, F|Jo|02  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language R6CxNPRJ  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the aY8>#t?  
;nSaZ$`5  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many P4ot, Q4  
            A      B         C a&4>xZU #  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. k45xtKS>d  
            D zgqe@;{  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 swe6AQ-  
Cz m`5  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the v"=^?5B  
例如:my best friends q'd6\G0 }  
w/>k  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial ;./Tv84I^  
            A    B     C R&=Y7MfZ  
  and banking center. !j( v-pQf"  
        D B1J+`R3OX  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 %GjF;dJ  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 `N ;!=7y7Y  
y! 7;Z~"  
(\,mA-%E  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary -9vAY+s.  
                 A         `L7 cS  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. pA"pt~6  
    B   C     D }a-ikFQ]  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 1K4LEg a`  
WcbJ4Ore  
七、平行结构 c{s<W}3Ds  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 h9&<-k  
M\>y&'J-  
;x| 4Tm  
(一) 对等连接词 Et# }XVCJ  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 6D/5vM1   
单一式: and, or ,but (;V]3CtU*  
相关式: both…and, not … but, %[Ia#0'Y@  
     either …or, neither…nor SDcD(G  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as /,$6`V  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, 4,wdIdSm4  
没有so...as... ,t(y~Z wJ  
between…and, Q3_ia 5 `O  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also ~$YFfv>  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, C Vyq/X  
(y=P-nm  
短语式: as well as e8--qV#<  
     rather than (而不是)  }m\  
     other than (除…之外) ~Se/uL;*  
     instead of (代替) 2Q-kD?PO,  
P=(\3ok  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 hdfNXZ{A"  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  P;mmK&&  
       A     B   +w%MwPC7`  
  but he is now living in Detroit. c R[DT04  
       C   D BVC\~j j  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 |!flR? OU  
mY |$=n5X  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics q@r8V&-<  
       A         B f L ' 42  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford U3 ED3) D  
  remained active in city and regional planning. Nr uXXd  
          C    D  cuW$%$ F  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 }#a d  
(二)平行的内容 Ub4j3`  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 s)8g4Yc*  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of 6]CY[qEaR$  
             A         B   xzAyE5GL>  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, u2@:[:Ao  
         C            D $:{uF#  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. qIuY2b`6  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 sMs 0*B-[  
&,3.V+Sz  
cQA;Y!Q #  
第二、名词单复数的平行 l" *zr ;#  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 ;[uJ~7e3  
||0mfb  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, kOs_]  
  A     B          C   !J3g,p*  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. TO- [6Pq#  
                 D   "!+q0l1]@  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 F  MHp a  
jLM1 ~`&  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, ?FA} ;?v  
                   A         B z^ rf;  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. L^Fni~  
      C          D [K9l>O  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have +A>>Ak|s  
qm{(.b^  
第三、时态的平行 O>IY<]x>L  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated pW2NrBq@w  
                A     )CD4k:bm  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops X6)-1.T&  
                   B &z+nNkr?yN  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. onI%Jl sq  
          C    D X3-pj<JLY  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 !D!~4h)  
I} q2)@  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- sf<S#;aYqn  
  spread from its home in Central America and (y *7 g f  
  now grows throughout the tropics. @n"7L2wY  
   (A) to be    (B) it   T~8==Z{[  
   (C) the     (D) its 3LN+gXmU  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? ZVs]_`(+  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow 9~n`6;R  
Z-z^0QO  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- [uU"=H|  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. Yd'Fhvo8  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised 1LYz X;H1  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised VHyH't_&s  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 IO3p&sJ/  
T$rhz)_q  
第四、排列位置的平行 q!iTDg *$  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. )O\w'|$G  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode tg-U x  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  fGj YWw  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes ])OrSsV}  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes iZY4+ X  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 PkX4 !  
7.)kG}q]  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: uDD{O~wF,  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 /Js A[}.6  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 Hi%)TDfv  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 PWciD '!  
Z5/*i un  
八、词序的颠倒 !]f8 0z  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 =z >d GIT1  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 43wm_4C!H  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage H=lzW_(  
              A    B        ^^,cnDlm  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. j<NZ4Rf  
      C       D    C WBlDz  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 >0F)^W?  
tJ Bj9{  
)[b\wrc   
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 8c`E B-y  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only ycq+C8J+Ep  
          A      B     b~$8<\  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. Mi~x(W@}3  
    C         D G&Fe2&5!w  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 jOUM+QO  
a = * '  
'm=TBNQTS  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 KvjsibI/Y  
*{:Zdg'~E  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were 'XJqh|G  
          A   B     C   XX7zm_>+  
  in what is now the United States. l Vv'_9yg  
    D E3LEeXcLS  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 bvW3[ V  
z0H+Or  
所有的系动词分为三大类: iE0x7x P_  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, 3/N~`!zeX  
    is, remain, keep, stay, `h%K8];<6f  
    lie, exit(表示位于) oeYUsnsbi  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 IG.!M@_  
    become, turn, grow, 0"}=A,o(w  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) `@xnpA]l  
(gRTSd T ?  
第三种,感官动词 C xd^i  
    seem(好像是) ]GT+UX  
    look(看起来好像是) tmd{G x}c  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste q`Vk A \  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 e ?7y$H-  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe ekW#|  
    A               B     m*wDJEKo  
   to cause numerous deaths. rf^ u&f  
        C   D  bE,#,  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 j0^1BVcj  
]u^ybW"  
九、词性的混用 n&!q9CR`  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 m 7S`u  
~g9~D}48k'  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 p"7]zq]'  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; *k,{[b  
7~r_nP_  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high ay =B<|!  
          A        B      L=<$^m  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and qm<-(Qc(W  
              C _%3p&1ld  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. .F'Cb)Z  
          D Lf:#koaC  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) e x#-,;T  
 Ci 'V  
qu.AJ*  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 uGn BlR$}  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 .:XXc  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds E@%1HO_  
         A       B      Z<W f/  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to ?^J%S,  
          C        o^/ fr&,9  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. KzX)6 |g{"  
            D o6RT4`  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 8QMMKO ui\  
+vH#xc\'  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, #V)l>  
            A        )y6  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of  ;1s;"  
      B      C T *S) U ;  
   urban Black people in the United States. ?9 W2ax-4  
   D dNCd-ep  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 \),zDO+  
ADM!4L(s4}  
]k BC,m(  
####(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 N"0>)tG  
表示时间有两种可能, ~[kI! [  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 fB&i{_J  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, /cVZ/"  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 kyZZ0  
1vAJ(O{-  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence &_s^C?x  
       A     B     ;mr*$Iu7|  
  were made while the American Civil War. nEP3B '+  
   C    D ug'^$geM  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 |Bv,*7i&  
In;P33'p  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the O;&5> W,Z  
   A      B           C    Bk@EQdn  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. sk_xQo#Y 3  
          D Q'hs,t1<  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 5|`./+Ghk  
m?1r@!/y  
1.<gC  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 Z N&9qw*  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 JV8*;n%}-  
sPl3JP&s  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social h0A%KL  
                   A     !w0=&/Y{R  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. TTWiwPo59  
     B   C    D ccx0aC3@I  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 V&/Cb&~Uw  
T.B7QAI. H  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples h2= wC.  
   A        B   C      b`Jsu!?{  
  easily under the stress of compression. - (q7"h  
   D "ub0}p4V  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 T[g(S0dz  
?%D nIl>  
/^gu&xnS  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 F}@]Lq+  
H;DjM;be  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine B1%xU ?  
    A         B V@EyU/VJ  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. E}#&2n8Y  
          C            D l&m Y}k  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 9Sa6v?sRor  
N-Bw&hEZ  
3a}c'$F>_'  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, W A*1_  
         A uU-1;m#N?  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. Im]6-#(9\|  
   B      C      D #>sI XY  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 ;hEeFJ=/G  
am7~  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 UgZL<}  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; C<w&mFozL  
two hundred diligent students
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