该错题常考要点 QOKE9R#Y
一、代词 <ly.l]g
代词中主要讲解六个问题 a29rD$
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 I9E]zoj8
主格、宾格、所有格 |(O _K(
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) Q*l_QnfG
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(二) 反身代词 -KFozwr5/
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 J#jx)K!
He killed himself. (他自杀了) 6xAR:
He killed him. (他杀了他) DXc3u^
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating <ZgbmRY8
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a series of indicators that could help vIL
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themselves to predict earthquakes. Q
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 s'^"s_j
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 sqP (1|9
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 (_$'e%G0
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 IW-lC{hK
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies Aq:1
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the GI$7uR}
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Pacific. O0Sk?uJ<
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 7.N~e}p8
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 K:\db'``
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: x\MzMQ#Bf
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 NwPC9!*
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined L?slIGp%-
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the word“normalcy”to express social and d"
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economic conditions they promised the nation. Q"2J2211
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 JNZ O7s
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important PH]/*LEj
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John 0l&#%wmJ,
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Keats, published the year of her death. v@^P4cu;
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. ap y#8
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(四) Who和which的区别 z
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which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 / 80Q
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 ]W9 {<+&
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who ZS\~GQbG
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. \J0fr'(S
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 cU
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 V9dJNt'Ui
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(五) that和which的区别 CqkY_z
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 3 J!J#
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it |h6u%t2AY
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. vkgAI<
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 dum(T
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 qQ
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Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, HV}*}
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Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when 6
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I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. W0qn$H
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which 7~
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly *Al`QEW
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. /4wPMAlb
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 >Nr~
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has &++t
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affected the way people in the United States----. 7:Be.(a
(A) living and working t1rAS.z&
(B) they live and work :9Mqwgk,;3
(C) live and work sMHP=2##
(D) to live and to work :vo#
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分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 PGNH<E)
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二、介词 T'${*NVn
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 JthW"{E
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(一) 介词搭配 K!
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those ("txj[v-/
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. {}DoRpq=
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 !v68`l15
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. }
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分析:B错改为be rich in #Zj3SfU~`
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the =niT]xf
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. ?*dt JL
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 n?}7vz;
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 J|.n bSE
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 ?AYb@&%
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. %[WOQ.Sh
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 O%*:fd,o-
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 3F?_{A
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on PsO>&Te