填空题常考结构 K)h<#F
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一、主句单一原则 D>`{f4Y
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 ^{NN-
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 nppSrj?
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. ")NQwT}
(A) They occur where they are YYvX@f
(B) Occuring where +.$:ZzH#
(C) Where they occur DYew6B-
(D) Where do they occur F'_z$,X6
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 DvA#zX[
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 kjSzuqB
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center 5F:\U
(A) Fort Wayne [y<s]C6E
(B) Although Fort Wayne $A(3-n5=
(C) For wayne is in dE(d'*+a
(D) Fort Wayne, in f_:>36{1^!
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 ubsx NCqD
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二、谓语动词专一原则 QKoJxjR=^
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 rPHM_fW(O@
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 [c99m:*+
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” |J^I8gx+
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with 0s.4]Zg>5
social issues. ldG$hk'
(A) covers g
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(B) covers it Qb:.WMj[q+
(C) which covers Rr\fw'
(D) which it covers dBW4%Zh
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 G2J4N2hu
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused Ft>,
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on y<y9'tx
the paper. j9=)^?
(A) the impression is iyMoLZ5
(B) if the impression is
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(C) impressions w1= f\
(D) the impression "%=K_WJ?
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression Vb~;"WABo
三、平行结构 b28C(
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 [wUJ~~2#
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: {d,^tG}
A and B, rrZ'Dz
A , B, and C x
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- _Tma1~Gq
is known as accounting. bj 0-72V
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary :?7^STc
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's /6p7k
transactions 4[K6 ZDBU
(C) transactions of an enterprise are Dn;$4Dak(
summarized |JCn=v@
(D) summarizing the transactions of an "J3n_3+
enterprise UC"_#!3
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 gUv`G
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 .BZ
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed ZRoOdo94
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and .^uYr^(|[
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on 2aW"t.[j
human patients. 8x
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(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in </7?puVR
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures [moz{Y
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures LgoUD*MbQ
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull :8Jn?E (36
fractures 0D48L5kH#'
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 _cXLQ)-
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四、宾语从句结构 dK?vg@|'
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 Q
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这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: (]p,Z<f
state(陈述,表明)+that ]abox%U=%
indicate(指明,表明)+that [|\BuUT'
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, rz3!0P!"K
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite 3 ~^ }R
units called quanta or photons. K~Hp%.
(A) energy that m>@ *-
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(B) that it is energy a).bk!G
(C) it is energy o w<.Dh
(D) that energy F;^GhiQVS
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 ?-IjaDC}
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth AHre#$`97
indicate--yield when unusual weight is S+EC!;@Xg
placed on them. wx|eO[14
(A) although its crust and mantle %XieKL
(B) its crust and mantle to s'/ g:aJ
(C) that its crust and mantle OJ:iQ
(D) for its crust and mantle to lC ^NhQi
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 OK}+:Y
五、介词+ which结构 HXTZ
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许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 h)qapC5z,
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, UlN+
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 E|jbbCZy2
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, v<z%\`y
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 6R+m;'
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is vq~btc.p{&
a method ---- voters select the nominees k%?fy
for public office. =*aun&
(A) that >d&_e[j
(B)by which x7=5 ;gf/X
(C)is that p}j$p'D.RI
(D)by those 0#
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分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 u[_~ !y
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 4%TY`
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B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 <B*}W2\
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players 'G!w0y
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hit wooden balls through wire arches called AKVll
wickers. h^h!OQK Q
(A) when ?\C7.of
(B) which ON{&-
(C) is when jjgjeY
(D) in which 6e6~82t8/
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 Z?H#=|U
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六、in that结构 G'/36M@
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, Z_oBZ
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because of +名词, RzG<&a3B3s
consequently是副词 ,4hQ#x
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 m"P"iK/Av(
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例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals `2S G{5o;
---- it is a liquid. 75j`3wzu
(A) whereas __\Tv>Y
(B) in that \vVGfG?6
(C) because of \K+LKa)
(D) consequently z\Vu`Yz
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 Z !Njfq5
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 n22k<@y
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例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual -,NiSh}A
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. " >QNiR!
(A)they yk1syN_
(B)in they K4]c
(C)that they lg_X|yhL
(D)in that they 5I,5da
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 e;:~@cB,c
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 5a1)`2V2M
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例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ RX.n7Tb
great inspiration for her poems. UT
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(A) that she drew MsMNP[-l
(B) by drawing her 2x-67_BHY=
(C) from which she drew b&s"/Y89
(D) drawn from which Sns`/4S?6Z
分析:首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子,那么选项C就是答案。 ydOJ^Yty
七、what结构 #Aox$[|@
what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: f8u m.Xnp6
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例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend MY11 5%
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. fI@4 v\
(A) it grows
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(B) what grows .JIn(
(C) does it grow q~9Y&>D
(D) what does it grow O(BAw
分析:空格前有depend on这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式,故(B)正确。 q1QrtJFPG
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例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle \Ub=Wm\
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory Qzbelt@Wx
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. N<V,5
(A) there 8w &