填空题常考结构 .szs?
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一、主句单一原则 R*
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任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 [M^ur%H
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 JG2)-x;9
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. ngZkBX
(A) They occur where they are :QSCky*i
(B) Occuring where (5l5@MN
(C) Where they occur _&/FO{ F@m
(D) Where do they occur k5>K/;*9
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 G3j&8[
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 #&Zb8HAj
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center zh hHA9
(A) Fort Wayne w$JG:y#
(B) Although Fort Wayne Pkr0|bs*
(C) For wayne is in [Z3B~c
(D) Fort Wayne, in XO)|l8t#$=
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 bK)gB!
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二、谓语动词专一原则 Rt$Q*`u
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 MIcF"fB![
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 `+~@VZ3m
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” H];QDix?
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with Ea%}VZ&[
social issues. *o8DfZ
(A) covers zt 1Pu
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(B) covers it c
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(C) which covers <r*A(}Y
(D) which it covers @_&@M~ u
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 L#'B-G4&y
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused 9aw- n*<
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on 0&1!9-(d
the paper. :@6,|2be=
(A) the impression is ~F`t[p
(B) if the impression is |V2+4b,
(C) impressions p]*BeiT#n%
(D) the impression {`0GAW)q
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression 8=^o2&
三、平行结构 wL]7d3t
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 CVsc#=w0
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: EM+_c)d}
A and B, |Ew\Tgo/2
A , B, and C 4
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- :F:<{]oG_
is known as accounting. `;L0ax
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary :('7ly!h
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's s}Q%]W
transactions .^^YS$%%7
(C) transactions of an enterprise are
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summarized Qc2_B\K^
(D) summarizing the transactions of an OiAi{
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enterprise =R)9_D6I
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 J;Az0[qMR
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 /ey[cm2#[s
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed xq',pzN
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and ,,r%Y&:`6
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on B[^mWVp6L
human patients. UA3%I8gu_
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in ='=\!md
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures Y418k
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures &*Eyw
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(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull XA{tVh
fractures Fs7/3
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 6vz9r)L
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四、宾语从句结构 krm&
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宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 ulsr)Ik
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: 8%Zl;;W
state(陈述,表明)+that D.|h0gU
indicate(指明,表明)+that MId\dFu
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, `':$PUz,g
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite o<loc Z
units called quanta or photons. EKf"e*|(L
(A) energy that Mq]~Ka3q7
(B) that it is energy {U4BPKo
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(C) it is energy AEm?g$a
(D) that energy j2" jCv
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 zLuej'
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth %WHue
indicate--yield when unusual weight is UO8#8
placed on them. ]1rr$f9
(A) although its crust and mantle k2N[B(&4J
(B) its crust and mantle to ^
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(C) that its crust and mantle |eWlB\ x8
(D) for its crust and mantle to (4n 8[
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 $@[6j y
五、介词+ which结构 sCSrwsbhv
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 z+&mMP`-
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, (F~i
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 bl(rCbj(w
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, zS 18Kl
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 XKLkJZN
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is phwk0J]2
a method ---- voters select the nominees Uaog_@2n,
for public office. v/\l
(A) that ]$!-%pNv
(B)by which ,95Nj h
(C)is that wqJ^tA!
(D)by those G+[hE|L
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分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 U-#wFc2N
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 SaMg)s~B
B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 ]re1$W#*
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players xrxORtJ<