填空题常考结构 cIO/8D#zU
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一、主句单一原则 ^6l5@#)w
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 E/H9#
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 X
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. efyEzL
(A) They occur where they are $D`Kz*/.
(B) Occuring where w?D=
(C) Where they occur !"hlG^*9
(D) Where do they occur s1OSuSL>
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 %{ U (y#
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 !v3d:n\W8
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center AIP0PJI3
(A) Fort Wayne |3k r*#
(B) Although Fort Wayne Y3|_&\v6
(C) For wayne is in "X<V>q$0~c
(D) Fort Wayne, in k7JC~D
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分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 [ !~8TF
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二、谓语动词专一原则 wI7.M
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任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。
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句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 rxxVLW
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” 2x gk$E$ 7
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with pl}W|kW}
social issues. P/S ,dhs(
(A) covers >8NUji2I
(B) covers it UN<$F yb
(C) which covers _+}o/449
(D) which it covers !FK)iQy$0
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 E?&YcVA
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused AO-~dV
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on 8V
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the paper. ,-n_(U
(A) the impression is uC]c`Ue
(B) if the impression is
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(C) impressions n-?zH:]GG{
(D) the impression 2Z9ck|L>
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression ,7d#t4
三、平行结构 +Lr`-</VF
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 C
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填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: "-HWw?rx/
A and B, p`"Ic2xPJ
A , B, and C IUG}Q7w5
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- "?_af
is known as accounting. *aYuuRx
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary {XXnMO4uR;
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's .8|"@
transactions QqC-ztz
(C) transactions of an enterprise are q:wz!~(>
summarized *]Eyf")
(D) summarizing the transactions of an (F#2z\$;
enterprise I!Fd~g9I4
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 B;<zA' 1
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 <`BDN
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed ,W$&OD
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and TQpR'
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on 3m
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human patients. *"V) hI5
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in $%1oZ{&M
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures OFZo"XtF
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures &<(&u`S
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull !#4b#l(e6
fractures ddlF4L_
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 Wm!cjGK
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四、宾语从句结构 o#-^Lg&
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 ]_m(q`_
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: Upc_"mkI.
state(陈述,表明)+that :TP\pH 7E
indicate(指明,表明)+that 5QG?*Z~?7
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, R E9`T
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite CeUC[cUQU
units called quanta or photons. N1JM[<
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(A) energy that /b."d\
(B) that it is energy `dgZ `#
(C) it is energy nCLEAe$W\=
(D) that energy b%xG^jUXsX
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 Hw,@oOh.
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth 4mm>6w8NT
indicate--yield when unusual weight is 4V'HPD>=V
placed on them. Z)<lPg!YAR
(A) although its crust and mantle n"Wlfd0
(B) its crust and mantle to x-~=@oiv
(C) that its crust and mantle 5wC,:c[H7
(D) for its crust and mantle to wB"`lY
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 wT +\:y
五、介词+ which结构 yVyh\u\
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 $-paYQ4
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, 9<5S!?JL
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 ~P'i
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, %m-U:H.Vp
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 T _fM\jdI
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is m{r#o?
a method ---- voters select the nominees `pqTiV
for public office. _7'5I A
(A) that _IWLC{%V
(B)by which JB'XH~4H
(C)is that mB"1QtD
(D)by those ;*WG9Y(W
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 /|isRh|
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 9T0g%&
B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 pk0{*Z?@
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players "Cs36k
hit wooden balls through wire arches called 1:J+`mzpl
wickers. tTWEhHQ`
(A) when d{Owz&PL
(B) which ilAhw4A
(C) is when V)P8w#,
(D) in which =nqHVRA
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 5]n\E?V'L
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六、in that结构 tHK>w%|\R
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, _<=h#lH
because of +名词, x,
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consequently是副词 [v\m)5
而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 ILqBa:J
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例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals na"!"C
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---- it is a liquid. Qxk & J
(A) whereas jcb&h@T8kv
(B) in that hCS}
(C) because of -:E~Z_J`
(D) consequently eze%RjO}
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 zTc*1(^
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 [FLR&=.(
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例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual 57-Hx;
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. EC
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(A)they _^NyLI%
(B)in they T6QRr}8`/J
(C)that they M X8|;t
(D)in that they !&9(D^
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 dvU{U@:sz
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 zRou~Kxi
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例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ S_/S2(V"
great inspiration for her poems. &N._}ts
(A) that she drew _OyQ:>M6P
(B) by drawing her E6ZkO/
(C) from which she drew 3%5a&b
(D) drawn from which {:|3V 7X
分析:首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子,那么选项C就是答案。 mO;QT
七、what结构 6-fv<Pn
what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: (+[%^96
what=the thing that 7J!s"|VS
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例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend q]I aRho
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. 7XK0vKmW3
(A) it grows D
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(B) what grows Z|%h-~
(C) does it grow YLGE{bS
(D) what does it grow ;=jF9mV.
分析:空格前有depend on这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式,故(B)正确。 xdgAu
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例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle gS5MoW1
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory rR-[CT
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. [
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(A) there n@RmH>"
(B) where i7XY3yhC
(C) that R~kO5jpW
(D) what Sv{n?BYq
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有D符合条件。 t{jY@JT|
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八、同位语结构 <&l$xn
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 #0aBQ+_8H
___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) $G9LaD#;M
例1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing BZ?3=S1*
and swallowing . ]EX6Y
(A) is the chief organ of taste cQ j`W
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(B) tasting the organ chiefly 6+IhI?lI=
(C) the chief organ of taste GHcx@||C?
(D) the organ chiefly tastes at_*Zh(
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词is, 故先排除A和D。(B)不合题意,故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 0w3c8s.
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同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 iH }-
___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) o{
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例2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of -<s Gu9
Native Americans in her novel, Century of \
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Dishonor. z!"vez
(A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause #uhUZq
(B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson d2`g,~d
(C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause RhE~-b[X
(D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. ;|5-{+2 U%
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 P }sr
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例3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as .xsfq*3e5
hosts to many insect pests. \;X7DK2
(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than H#SQ>vyAV
goldenrods !{lH*
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods CQ!pt@|d
(C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy pmNy=ZXx
plants =8\.fp
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants n
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分析:空格后面是and, 句中缺少与and并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是分词和名词短语, 无法与动词act并列; D 包含主语的同位语goldenrods和谓语动词crowd。 R/hIXO
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同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 U] LDi8
例4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 pE5v~~9Ikv
yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to $v0,)AL i
Athens. XnyN*}8
(A) the distance is ]||b2[*
(B) that the distance is 3:+9H}Q
(C) is that the distance Fv$tl)p*
(D) the distance c#n
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分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、C均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 'UX.Q7W
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九、比较结构 PF%-fbh!~
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 p#@ #$u-
例1:Western Nebraska generally receives less 0,%{r.\S
snow than --eastern Nebraska. jeC=s~
(A) does L+am-k:T~
(B) in EW
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(C) it does in 3!CUJs/W
(D) in it does ^hIdmTf6
分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意than eastern Nebraska does 是正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长,谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。
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例2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. ^tB1Nu%
(A) rays more than infrared bZnOX*y]
(B) rays are more infrared than H1bR+2s
(C) more than infrared rays :`bC3Mr
(D) more infrared rays than ^b8~X [1J_
分析:emit为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意空格后为倒装形式,do代替emit以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 (80m'.X
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比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 t-\+t<;
例3:The activities of the international marketing 1QoW/X'>.
researcher are frequently much broader than ----. .
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(A) the domestic marketer has RTOA'|[0M
(B) the domestic marketer does tB_le>rhl
(C) those of the domestic marketer [|(|"dh@^H
(D) that which has the domestic marketer <FT7QO$I
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词are, 故先排除与其不对应的以has和does结尾的(A)和(B)。选项D则语义不清,也可排除。C中those代替前面提到的activities以避免重复,those一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是activities,谓语动词are因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此C为正确答案。
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例4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing Xaq;d'
is greater than --. 8!_jZ f8
(A) that of its mining and farming combined 3jx%]S^z|
(B) mining and farming combination }3Es&p$9
(C) that mining and farming combined D!j/a!MaKk
(D) of its combination mining and farming h@,ja
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与the annual worth相对应,故可以排除。(A)中代词that代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故选(A)。 !cW rB9
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十、定语从句省略结构 !>`Q]M`
关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略 N`8K1{>BH
例1:Most crocodiles will eat anything----capture I Xc `Ec
and overpower. ;_}pIO
(A) can EGu%;[
(B) they can M8},RR@{
(C) which can i VSNara
(D) and omG2p
分析:空格前是个完整句子,空格后是两个并列的及物动词,后面却没有宾语,由此可推断出空格处缺能作从句宾语的从句引导词和从句主语。(A)、(D)没有从句引导词,可首先排除。(C)有从句引导词,也可作从句的宾语,却没有从句主语。正确答案(B)看似没有从句引导词,实际上是省略了引导词that,故选(B)。that they can capture, that引导定语从句在句子中做capture的宾语。 DE(XSzX
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例2:A majority of people in the United States can |x}TpM;ni
get all the calcium their bodies----from the g )hEzL0k
food they eat. "K{_?M`;e
(A) require 6)INr,d
(B) requires =z1Lim-
(C) requiring PGTEIptX7
(D)to require LuS@Kf8N+
分析:此题显然缺从句谓语动词,故首先排除(C)和(D)。(B)为第三人称单数形式,与主语bodies相矛盾,故也可排除,因此选择A。 7[ ovEE54
their bodies require from the food they eat是定语从句修饰calcium, 省略了that; 实际上they eat也是定语从句省略了that修饰the food Y\
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“介词+名词”在定语从句中做表语时,关系代词和be动词可以同时省略,剩下的形容词短语做名词的后置定语。
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例3:To produce one pound of honey , a colony of '6N)sqTR
A -P]O t>%S
bees must fly a distance equals to twice around x@#>l8k?
B C D v93b8/1
the world. cy%M$O|hX5
分析:句子中实际上是省略了that is, a distance that is equal to, 因此equals to 应该改为equal to "Q: Gd6?h;
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例4: A neutron star forms when a star much more massive w2B)$u
A B C aCZ0-X?c
than the Sun dies and exploded. -}7$;QK&a
D {"o9pIh{~
分析:句中省略了which is, a star which is much more #Xg;E3BM
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十一、状语从句省略结构 &h:4TaD
Metals expand when they are heated. !vz'zy)7
Metals expand 是主句;when they are heated 是状语从句。但是这个状语从句中可以省略掉they are, 句子变成:Metals expand when heated. 但是并不是所有的状语从句都可以这么省略。这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件: HLyAzB~r
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第一、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致; * +
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第二、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出, #:6-O
比如上面的they和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。 fU6YJs.H^8
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例1:Although----rigid, bones exhibit a degree of CCTU-Xz/
elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand 1l-5H7^w2?
considerable impact. a_N7X
(A) apparently
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(B) are apparently hBU)gP75
(C) apparently their 'z}
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(D) are they apparently 66val"^W
分析:连词although通常引导主谓完整的状语从句,当从句主语与主句主语相同、从句谓语又为系表结构时,则可省略主语和连系动词,故正确答案为(A)。Although apparently rigid = Although bones are apparently rigid, 注意bones和are必须同时省略。 "#C2+S
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因此,我们从上面的例题中来分析一下填空题中状语从句省略以后的形式: .SC*! ,
though, although, even thought, while, If, when等为引导状语从句的词; Yjoe|
这些词后面一定+形容词(分词),主句(注意逗号的后面是主句,前面是从句) VR(R.
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例2:All marble is composed of crystals of the 3 =enk0$
minerals calcite or dolomite, ----, are perfectly DI\=udN
white. b
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(A) when, pure which _LJF:E5L
(B) when, which pure Pb&tWv\ql
(C) which, pure when iil<zEic
(D) which, when pure R"W}\0k
分析:空格前是个完整的句子,空格后是系表结构,空格处显然缺非限定性定语从句的引导词兼作从句主语。(A)、(B)不引导非限定性定语从句,可首先排除。(C)中的pure和when位置错了,故选(D)。注意when pure是插入语,同时也是省略用法when they are pure;which are perfectly white, 状语从句省略结构, --$* q"
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例3:--relatively costly, the diesel engine y_m+&Oe
is highly efficient and needs servicing a=2.Y?
infrequently fo ~uI(rk
(A) Even |62` {+
(B) It is 3;>ls~4
(C) Even though 5cPyi/
(D) There is &M13F>!
分析:B和D填入后,都是构成两个主句,不对;Even though则引导状语从句,even though it is, 这里it is 已经省略。 GLsa]}m,9
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十二、动词ing+名词的复数作主语结构 /l$enexSt
这是一个比较难的结构,因为许多同学经常混淆动名词和现在分词。 9xR5Jm>k
现在分词相当于形容词,和后面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系; .!3e$mhV
动名词是相当于具有动词特征的名词,和后面的名词是动宾关系。 |nNcV~%~
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那么如何在句子中判断动名词和现在分词呢?我们来看两个例子: ~HmH#"VP
Doing exercises is a good habit. 做练习是一个好习惯。 Tz1^"tx9
The starring troops have to surrender. =Dn<DV
第一个句子强调的是做,而不是练习,不能说练习是一个好习惯,只能说做练习是一个好习惯,因此do是中心词,它和后面的名词是动宾关系,那么这个do就是动名词;
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第二个句子说挨饿的军队必须投降,是军队投降,而不是挨饿要投降,因此中心词是troop,starring是来修饰troop的,因此starring是现在分词。 n\+c3
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在“动词ing+名词的复数”作主语结构的句子中,谓语动词是系动词is _ $a3lR
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例1:--by transferring the blame to others is often Da-Lf2qT9
called scapegoating. A|ZT;\
(A) Eliminate problems WFF?VBT'^
(B) The eliminated problems(被消除的问题) M`Q$-#E:
(C) Eliminating problems BA h'H&;V
(D) Problems are eliminated Ja6 KO2}p
分析:空格处缺主语。(A)不能作主语,(B)的名词为复数,与后面谓语动词相矛盾,(D)使句子出现两个谓语,故排除。(C)构成动名词短语,可作句中主语,故选(C)。这个题目的意思是通过把责任转嫁给别人,这种消除问题的方式,通常叫做替罪羊。 Ksx-Y"
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例2:--wooden buildings helps to protect them Y
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from damage due to weather. a&'9[9E1
(A) Painting ]^ R':YE
(B) Painted
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(C) The paint I0
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(D) By painting it}h8:^<
分析:从谓语动词helps可判断出主语不可能为buildings, 因为主谓语在数上不一致,故空格处缺构成单数的词。四个选项中只有动名词painting符合这一条件,故选(A)。(B)构成复数名词短语,(C)无法与后面的名词连接,(D)构成介词短语,不能作主语,三个选项都可排除。 GlJ[rD
painted wooden buildings 被油漆的房子,中心词是buildings, 后面help不能用单数 }2]|*?1,
painting wooden buildings油漆房子这件事情,中心词是painting *q
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例3:Scientists think -- helps some tree to p)
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conserve water in the winter. 3H,x4L5j
(A) when losing leaves LGhK)]:
(B) leaves are lost OJm ]gb7
(C) that losing leaves IP`lx
(D) the leaves losing :A8r{`R'N
分析:这道题目大家都能够选择C, 但是我们必须彻底理解C为什么正确,think that后面是宾语从句。losing是及物动词,丢弃叶子帮助树来保持水分,要注意不是树叶来帮助保持水分,而是丢弃树叶这个动作来保持水分。丢弃叶子是树主动丢弃,因此losing是动名词。 %m
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十三、make结构 obvE m[x!Z
make结构即为:make +sth.(宾语) +possible+(宾语补足语) +QN4hJK
共有三种形式: myj/93p}`b
make it possible+to do >*EZZ\eU!
make it possible+that引导的从句 {<{VJGY7T
make possible sth (这个sth一定很长,它后面有一个后置定语) yhKH}
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做题技巧: E7O3$B8
如果possible后面有to do 或者that引导的定语从句, 中间一定有it 'u.Dt*.Uq
如果possible后面有名词,中间一定没有it {]6-,/3UR
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例1:X-rays are able to pass through objects and gs1yWnSv5
thus make--details that are otherwise frcX'M}%
impossible to observe . Milp"L?B%
(A) it visible ` +YtTK
(B) visibly hj1;f<'
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(C) visible ~g!!#ad
(D) they are visible
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分析:此题考动词make的一种用法,visible后面有名词,因此中间不能有it,选择C;可以看到空格后that引导的是定语从句,visible是宾语补足语,宾语补足语的存在是因为宾语太长了,details是宾语。 _jX,1+M
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例2:Using many symbols makes--to put a large 80Y%C-Y:
amount of information on a single map. s O#cJAfuu
(A) possible B!mHO*g
(B) it possible C] Fw*t
(C) it is possible o<A-ETx<
(D) that possible b;
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分析:从四个选项可以判断出本题考make的一种惯用法。首先排除明显的错误选项:C为句子,却没有与主句相连的连词,D中that后面应有主语并构成结构完整的从句。 由于后面是动词不定式,因此possible前面一定有it, it作形式宾语,故B正确。 KAZ<w~55c
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十四、the more …the more…结构 P]m{\K
这个结构的意思是“越….越…”,结构一共有三条规则: gH7 +#/
1. the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格, 新题专门考这条规则 SOG(&)b
2. the more 后面的谓语如果是be动词的话,可以省略,例如上面的例题 8\;, d
3. 第二个the more 后面可以使用倒装,而第一个后面却不行 *Z"cXg^ti
the more, the more其实是原因状语从句,前面是原因,后面是结果,倒装句中必须是主句倒装,从句绝对不能够倒装。 wDi/oH/H
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例1:The stronger--magnet, the greater the "tl{HM5u
number of lines of magnetic force. Otu?J_ d3
(A) of (su7*$wV
(B) the &L0Ii)Ns
(C) is the $G <r2lPy
(D) is of the (@NILK
分析:本题显然考查”the more … the more…”结构,the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格,因此只能选择B &p#PYs|H
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例2:The less the surface of the ground yields to the hfJ&o7Dt
weight of the body of a runner, --to the body. ag8)^p'9
(A) the stress it is greater i5(qJ/u
(B) greater is the stress [3=Y 9P:
(C) greater stress is ?`OFn F,K
(D) the greater the stress h)sT37
分析:正确答案为D。此题考the more … the more句型,只有D符合这一句型的要求,故选D。 W 8`6O2
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十五、表示结果的伴随状语结构 {
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主谓宾完整的句子后面,如果出现两个词,thereby或者thus, 那么这两个词后面必须使用现在分词,表示“从而怎么样”的意思,这便是表示结果的伴随状语结构。但是必须注意并不是thus后面就是加doing,必须是前面一个完整的句子才对。 \aPH_sf,
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例1:A microphone enables a soft tone to beamplified , O_s/BoB@
A B k2loGvBJ
thus making it possible the gentle Lm!]m\LRZD
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renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall. <x$nw'H9
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分析:Possible后面有名词,那么it应该去掉,thus后面表示结果的伴随状语从句,表示从而使得歌曲演唱成为可能。 BbFLT@W4
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例2:The Smithsonian Institution preserves more VPYcA>-%u
than sixty-five million items of scientific, .mwW`D
historical, or artistic interest, --winning the r9-ayp#pC
popular title, “attic of the nation.” jB9~'>JY
(A) however L\#G#1x8
(B) thus %d-WQwJ
(C) and NH5sV.vvc
(D) moreover t~}c"|<t
分析:逗号前面是个完整的句子,逗号后面是现在分词短语作状语表示结果。四个选项中只有thus一词可直接放在现在分词前面,故选B。thus 副词,修饰分词winning, 伴随状语 $uwz`N:
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例3: Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the 1foG*
lower ground levels, thereby--from freezing. g<DXJ7o
(A) to save the seeds Qa9@Q$
(B) saving the seeds ~tL:r=
(C)which saves the seeds JSq3)o9?/
(D) the seeds saved bF
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分析:thereby和to有意思重复,所以不能够选择(A), 后面应该跟现在分词,答案为B G{|"WaKW
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十六、形容词最高级省略结构 4a!%eBhX"K
The crane is the tallest bird of the wading birds. {&Rz>JK
最高级后面的名词与范围名词重复,可以省略,句子变为The crane is the tallest of the wading birds. 'b [O-6v
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例1:The crane is--of the wading birds. [".94(qs
(A) the tallest A#Ga!a
(B) the tallest that is lHliMBSc
(C) which is the tallest E@E
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(D) which the tallest is gs.+|4dv
分析:空格前是主语和谓语,空格后是of引导的介词短语,空格处明显缺作表语的名词或名词短语。四个选项中只有(A)使句子结构完整,语义清楚,故选(A)。 g rI#' x
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例2:. Cows are said to be the least intelligently of -ciwIS9L
A B C [P6A$HC<
domestic animals. .R4,fCN
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分析:改为形容词,intelligent,intelligently为副词,不能作表语。 <Vh5`-J
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十七、规则动词过去分词作定语结构 &liFUP?
这里的规则动词指的是过去式和过去分词一样,导致考生看不出句子结构,比如: c8_,S[W
program, programmed, programmed wpNb/U
因此判断这个词是过去式还是过去分词就显得比较重要: %Zfh6Bl\X
第一步:从逻辑上判断这个动作是主动还是被动 5ff5M=M
第二步:如果是被动的话,做谓语前面一定有系动词be q{[y4c1bG{
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例1:--Wupatki National Monument in Arizona ={p<