过去完成时
Qy>n]->% a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
hG~TqH^} B b. 状语从句
@WmEcX| 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
#GTR}|Aga When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
f,Z* o c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
>l<`)4*H We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
Fj?gXc5{ ;'E1yzX^ 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
6:Fb>|]*PY He said that he had learned some English before.
2pKkg>/ S By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
p_^Jr* Mv Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
4 f)B@A - ] LcCom:] 典型例题
q5@N//<DNN the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
3sh}( A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
8dgi"/[3 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
'T!^H 前一句应用过去进行时。
RM\A$.5 M>eMDCB\ 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
{`-f<>N3 had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
e}xx4mYo He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
V8Lp%*(3 用于现在完成时的句型
D W@|H `#/0q *$ zJ"`40V*; 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
e
7n[NVrX It is the first time that I have visited the city.
+4*3aWf` It was the third time that the boy had been late.
,/oqLI\ jpGZ&L7i& 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
(uW$ch@2K This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
yi29+T7j4S 这是我看过的最好的电影。
uZ1b_e0SGu This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
O`M 6 =\ 43'!<[?x 典型例题
_~QiQDq (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
n|p(Cb#G ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
^\(<s A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
V*Q!J{lj^# 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
^t 2b`n60 qh]D=i (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
# CV ;Np ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
}wIF$v?M A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
(: 9=M5d 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
>Wc OY7 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
_{
Np _ (g （错）I have received his letter for a month.
K!<3|d （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
_w.H]`C!X Qq|c% FZ 独立主格结构的特点：
Y 9SaYSX 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
M(|6YF7u 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
VE $Kdo^ 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
ty> 9i]Y- 举例：
1C5~GI ` the test finished, we began our holiday.
6N#0D2~^ = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
P-_2IZiz 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
A=f)ntH~ 7%sx ["%@ the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
KlGmO;k = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
[sXn B$ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
bCg)PJuB k++" f{w[H S,z Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
~5;2 ni8n 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
V2B:
DIpr This done, we went home.
L$3
{L"/ 工作完成后，我们才回家。
VD90JU]X< \B
Uno6 _x]q`[Dih the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
6#;u6@+}yy 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
tL\L4>^7T E G J/r ayZWt| iHA He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
G\B:iyKl 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
"3$P<Q\;l; fD#!0^ He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
303x|y 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
