过去完成时
H1 I{/g a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
dp+
+%:j b. 状语从句
)Y]{HQd 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
bB
}$' When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
wx\v:A c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
7uT:b!^f[ We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
Ad:TY
pLD I96C i2)m 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
Gq_-Val]" He said that he had learned some English before.
;2@BO-3K By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
) >b.; Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
> RPd$('T |X,|QC*7? 典型例题
'7D,m
H the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
!l|5z G
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
iv?g Zg 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
\ {qI4= 前一句应用过去进行时。
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|)-E fB gEnz/ 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
&j?#3Qt'_ had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
ix W@7m He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
!lx TX 用于现在完成时的句型
u$ *56y y_*PQZ$c< qb5#_1qz+^ 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
P~s$EJL* It is the first time that I have visited the city.
AZzuI * It was the third time that the boy had been late.
Vw#_68EybM Dfps
gY)/? 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
|} {B 1A This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
5k6mmiaKk 这是我看过的最好的电影。
GwG4LIp This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
Ma'_e=+A 5Xl /L 典型例题
fLSXPvm (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
fV v.@ HL{ ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
-zp0S*iP7 A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
Vt zI9CD 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
f;&]:2.j ] GHt" (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
{/X4(;~0 ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
qw7@(R'" A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
'WI^nZM 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
>iOzl wmG 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
y.=/ J8-> （错）I have received his letter for a month.
qS/V"|G( （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
h)6G
aJ= #Hvq/7a2R 独立主格结构的特点：
l" q1?kaVg 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
RrhT'':[ 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
DbZ0e5 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
rUlS'L;$" 举例：
Io
|X#\K the test finished, we began our holiday.
>Jw6l0z = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
Zes+/.sA}] 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
&f>eQ S=( F$Ca ;cP" the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
FVB;\'/
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
TgTnqR@/ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
aYn8 ^ [xfaj'j=@ FZ|CqD"# Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
hH->%* 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
`e]6#iJ ^ This done, we went home.
vLa#Y(" 工作完成后，我们才回家。
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0G <hn8> ?\/qeGW6G the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
#5&jt@NS 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
Z ,c,G2D 659v\51 * ]DvO:tM He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
IN7<@OS7 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
dQgk.k ]h!`IX He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
F?u^" }%Fc 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
