过去完成时
a $}NW. a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
ET. dI.R 8 b. 状语从句
W&YU^&`Yr 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
*}w+ 68eO When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
s9i|mVtm8 c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
6J\fF tB@V We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
q(H ip<6p p?JQ[K7i 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
g5Hr7K m He said that he had learned some English before.
u h )o By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
w#9_eq|3 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
o/^ 1Wm= 0e16Ow6\!1 典型例题
lL0
M^Nv the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
nxfoW y A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
o_$&XNC_ 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
64um u l 前一句应用过去进行时。
\k; n20\u o2naVxetE 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
N=~~EtX had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
Oaa"T8t He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
! %Ny0JkO 用于现在完成时的句型
z_&P?+"Df 'SV7$, mK@ >{nH v) 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
a
<wL#Id It is the first time that I have visited the city.
#^0( It was the third time that the boy had been late.
E ]f)Os$ `]<`$71w 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
tTuX\;G This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
,b|-rU\ 这是我看过的最好的电影。
Vte EDL /w This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
U>Gg0`> v&;:^jJ8 典型例题
/tj$luls5 (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
"#4dW 7E ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
/X#z*GX A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
J ^
G 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
#*^+F?o,( (
kw5>c7 (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
Gquuy7[& ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
E^CiOTN A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
Tv$s
qVe9 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
m;,xmEp 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
5kMWW*Xtf （错）I have received his letter for a month.
7o]HQ[ xO （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
<<zI\+V D1T@R)j 独立主格结构的特点：
L%h /OD 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
[ hh/1[ 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
d) ahF[82 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
\ |!\V 举例：
*hY2.t; X the test finished, we began our holiday.
\'v(Xp6
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
D E/:[' 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
(z7+|JE. cg T the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
anN#5j
t = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
zfI}Q}p 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
cP>o+- ) ULqoCd%bK -:Rp'SJ Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
L>9 R4:
g 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
s RhKlUJG This done, we went home.
kxB.,
' 工作完成后，我们才回家。
Gc,_v3\ 8y2+&#$ #f,y&\Xmf the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
Gh(
A%x) 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
Xyx"A(v^l }"s;\?a uaPx" He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
YTaLjITG 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
PAF8W lg o>]`ac0b}Y He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
V9%aBkf8w 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
