过去完成时
u!b0 <E a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
a`Q-5* \;z b. 状语从句
SL<EZn0F9 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
En0hjXa When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
Qr?(2t# c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
ytV4q U82G We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
t~Ic{%bdA t,kai6UM 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
nrM-\' He said that he had learned some English before.
yPH5/5;, By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
G@<[fO|Iam Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
=CaSd| ,rh NXx 典型例题
u#3Cst8Y the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
2V$YZS w6q A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
`>0(N.'T 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
mrlhj8W? ! 前一句应用过去进行时。
f6#1sO4" q c6d,z/ 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
6{ pg^ K had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
iF"k R]ZL He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
V j[,o
Vt$ 用于现在完成时的句型
:/;;|lGw Ko
FWI_(b t5S!j2E 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
_,*QJ It is the first time that I have visited the city.
O{=@c96rl It was the third time that the boy had been late.
F4g3l =AeOki e 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
,){WK|_ This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
~Ecx >f4nX 这是我看过的最好的电影。
1xsB@D This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
|PLWF[+t8 p%e
/>N.P 典型例题
OC `Mzf%. (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
q}J Eesf ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
,
h.hgyt A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
7*47m Jyc 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
3: gF4( . iM{cr&0 (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
!]# ;' ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
>):> Pz%U A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
u:\DqdlU` 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
v79\( BX 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
4 zf( （错）I have received his letter for a month.
X1%_a.=VF （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
R 9%"Kxm '6Yx03t 独立主格结构的特点：
*g 2N&U 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
6Xt c3 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
B et?]4\_ 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
U p: M[S
举例：
!ziO1U the test finished, we began our holiday.
~
6Hi"w = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
?uqPye1fc 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
f15n ~d /??nO Vvt the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
6ieP` bct = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
>3y:cPTM5 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
b$eZ>X 0%]F&| }e&Z"H | Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
N
uq/y= 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
%x|0<@b7- This done, we went home.
~Z
x_" 工作完成后，我们才回家。
4'0rgS X##hSGQM "T ePO7 ^m the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
,$; p Ljo6 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
x<[W9Z'~?9 (Zv/(SE5% I?%iJ% He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
:LBRyBV 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
.wz.Jr`{ zsha/:b He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
:sXn*k4v 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
