过去完成时
>g%^hjJ a. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
=#@eDm% b. 状语从句
(o/HLmr@Y 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
W|K"0ab When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
EK^B=)q6:W c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
b _&;i4 [ We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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c}r.'p (vCMff/ Y1 3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
4WV'\R +m He said that he had learned some English before.
|sN>/89=/ By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
+~O 0e-d Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
;\@co5.= PiD%PBmUl 典型例题
Ih* }1D)7 the students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
|= C&JA A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
4Gl0h'!( 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
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N b= 前一句应用过去进行时。
s? /#8 ` 6#S}EaWf 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
2s {P
E had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
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ZbRi6z He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
hlPZTr=a 用于现在完成时的句型
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^.{70N $vNz^!zgV W=v4dy]B 1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
7\sJ=* It is the first time that I have visited the city.
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C4 It was the third time that the boy had been late.
+.N3kH ze!S4&B 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
Qp{gV Ys This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
-!uut7Z| 这是我看过的最好的电影。
MWv_BXQ This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
O R[6pr@ t+'|&b][Qi 典型例题
$x,?+N (1) ---Do you know our town at all?
Vv=/{31 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
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,|Jj k A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
Txkmt$h 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
;[%_sVIy 0-H! \
IB (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
%liu [6_ ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
JcsJfTI A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
rzJNHf=FVY 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
KlMrM% ;y 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
y2k '^zE （错）I have received his letter for a month.
yjZ ]_. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
_@CY_` a S pxkB! 独立主格结构的特点：
{6 %vmMbJ 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
mA|& K8H 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
aY 8"Sw|4 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
+]|aACt] 举例：
aEr<(x !|" the test finished, we began our holiday.
"KQ3 EI/g = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
h&eu}aF 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
z -|gw.y 1@Dp<Q the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
[(v?Z`cX\ = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
,Y&LlB 2
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
mm-! UsT 7%?2>t3~ &7* |rshZ Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
a1Q|su{H 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
"&jA
CI This done, we went home.
Fu4LD-# 工作完成后，我们才回家。
,KvF:xqA 6^U8U tx
/]H6' the meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
UhuEE 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
U M$\{$ y,{=*2Yt +2%ih ! He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
XWH{+c" 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
om %L>zfB KL:x!GsV5e He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
<a/TDW 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
