O n'gfB]H[
• obey - v. to act as one is ordered to act A1C@'9R*
• object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched _RmrjDk
• observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") E.}Zmr
#H
• occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force 8_lD*bEt
• ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water ZoUfQ!2*
• of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among I/tzo(r
• off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected @MM|.#
~T
• offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking @l?%]%v|
• offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed zumRbrz
• office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed UY+~xzm
• officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force {p-%\nOC
• official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power *0U(nCT&m
• often - ad. many times _:gV7>S?
• oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel .D) }MyKnu
• old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years gk&?h7P"<
• on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.") \yy!?Ul
aI
• once - ad. one time only NE! Xt <A
• only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.") pM=vW{"I/
• open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret Rl(b tr1w
• operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons N
lDM/
• opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking v!x[1[
• oppose - v. to be against; to fight against r*g _
• opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.") RI`A<*>w
• oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power |QY+vO7fxj
• or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices /Iskjcc60W
• orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet s?2;u p*D
• order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws F 6Ol5
• organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system 7#&sG
• other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more ("That man is short; the other is tall.") YlA=?
X
• our - ad. of or belonging to us LU]~d<i99
• oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force "~;jFB8
• out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in wHCsEp(
• over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world") iN><m|
• overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force @s/ qOq?
• owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received !6KEW,
• own - v. to have or possess for oneself `+gF|o9
P oM VJ+#[x
• pain - n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body {> }U>V
• paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface "6}+|!"$
• pan - n. a metal container used for cooking V^ :\/EU
• paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing E,X,RM~
+D
• parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground ^?A+`1-
• parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary kb6v2 ^8H
• pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment _
&M>f? l
• parent - n. a father or mother CuGk?i
• parliament - n. a government lawmaking group ?BRL;( x
• part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something #i,O
"`4
• party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment ^\I$tnY`
• pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go `=*svrmS
• passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver HT]ubw]rJ
• passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country i!iODt3k
• past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former <(^pHv7Q
• path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves +u#x[xO
• patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem !d^`YEfE
• pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought ~RJg.9V
• peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet Hke\W'&
• people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people") 8a h]D
• percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.") x:x QXjJ
• perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes 4D13K.h`O
• perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others :o:??tqw
• period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions ]'G7(Y\)f
• permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time wnX6XyUH
• permit - v. to let; to make possible
Ojs\2('u
• person - n. a man, woman or child P#xn!fMi
• physical - ad. of the body :-Pj )Y{I
• physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy YV
msWuF
• picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera 8vo}
.JIl
• piece - n. a part of something larger J3]m*i5A
• pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat D4\I;M^
• pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
/p>[$`Aq
• pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas 4!jHZ<2Z
• place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country v<wT`hiKW
• plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.") vpDs5tUl
• planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.") |#wz)=mD
• plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth f"Iyo:Wt
• plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things AMdS+(J
• play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater m%&B4E#3T
• please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment zCrcCr
• plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount rx/
6x(3
• plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal v,0D GR~
• poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions i1
&'Zh
• point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something Q)>'fZ)
• poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health MeX1y]<It
• police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency 67x^{u7
• policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business v knFtpx
• politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office %*OJRL`
• pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water m##=iB|;
• poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality 3:Wr)>l}#
• popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public N3p3"4_]fy
• population - n. all the people in a place, city or country c29Z1Zs2)
• port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm 3iw9jhK!W
• position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization 1tW:(~=a;
• possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by @_3$(*n$~
• possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen ?sYjF
iE
• postpone - v. to delay action until a later time '9@R=#nd
• pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow RZA\-?cO)
• power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.") e%6{P
• praise - v. to say good things about; to approve Z >=Y
• pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit ]?{lQ0vw'w
• pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby sdQv:nd'R
• present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.") VWt'Kx"
• president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization xQap44KPZ
• press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications b_yXM
• pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else 1o>
R\g3
• prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening yan[{h]EZ
• price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale R"`{E,yj
• prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime N1~$ +
• private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public _`>7
Q),7
• prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get %PbqASm
• probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible ( y*X8
• problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer ue<<Y"NR
• process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
/
LM
• produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture f*{;\n(.t
• profession - n. a job that requires special training K"j=
_%{
• professor - n. a teacher at a college or university +|)1_NK
• profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity k=2l9C3Z
• program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show Cnci%eo
• progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal lFGxW 5
• project - n. a planned effort to do something kDY]>v
• propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions %L>n
Xj
• property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods 7u5\#|yL
• propose - v. to present or offer for consideration \Rqh|T<D
• protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged I7z/GA\x
• protest - v. to speak against; to object kah3Uhr~
• prove - v. to show to be true p[F=L P
• provide - v. to give something needed or wanted Tv,.
• public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private ([dL:Fb
• publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine `W$0T;MPF
• publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine R|J>8AL}BY
• pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push ,9tbu!Pvq
• pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through - b\V(@5
• punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal DT"Zq
• purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought d3=6MX[c
• pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean ]n]uN~)9
• purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal |k
.M+
• push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull ?V)C9@bp
• put - v. to place; to set in position tZu*Asx7
Q QB3d7e)8>
• quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are of the highest quality.") a3dzok
• question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed *- IlF]
• quick - ad. fast !E
{GcK
• quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm [mf7>M`p]@
R 0I>?_?~l6
• race - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color 7hN6IP*so
• radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen a j@C0
• radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous Ih-3t*L
• radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires }]g95xT
• raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something T7lj39pJq
• railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment *0&4mi8
• rain - n. water falling from the sky eN|HJ=
• raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase 6a%:zgkOpu
• rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often #7~tL23}]
• rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold \at-"[.
• reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to 3KZ
y
H
• react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to i{|lsd(+
• read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers @[5_C?2
• ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing (zS2Ndp
• real - ad. true; truly existing; not false K9C@dvFH
• realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are A#Q0{z@H
• reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains --
i&"
• reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise @)OnIQN~
• rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country !@^y)v
• receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent P1 7> 6)a
• recent - ad. a short time ago DOF?(:8Y
• recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs TV1e
bH7q
• recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government ~A[YnJYA#
• record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows proof or facts about something ;OQ'B=
uK
• recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.") G}=`VYK
• red - ad. having the color like that of blood IwTr'}XIw
• reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut B^i mG
• reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition [^?13xMb
• refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war -O~C m}e
• refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something ERp:EZ'
• regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens @9_nwf~X4
• reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe xHEVR!&c4
• relation - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties 84[|qB,ML
• release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public dr|| !{\
• religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods WdTbt
• remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same Y)'!'J
• remains - n. a dead body Hi]vHG(
• remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget =gW"#ZjL){
• remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office " 2ZI oa!^
• repair - n. work done to fix something ,3VG.u;U
• repeat - v. to say or do again D-Bv(/Pz]$
• report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed ky'|Wk6
• represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example J*}VV9H
• repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force t*o7,
• request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for >lA7*nn
• require - v. to need or demand as necessary a4yOe*Ak,F
• rescue - v. to free from danger or evil *mf}bTiS
• research - n. a careful study to discover correct information 8BHL
• resign - v. to leave a position, job or office utq.r_
• resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent d>YmKTk"
• resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting B1y<.1k
• resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold `ajx hp
• responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.") XXXljh6
• rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the others Bp&6x;MJf
• restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group J=@hk@Nq#
• restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger vkd *ER^
• result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect vB Sm=M
• retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health !K!)S^^Po?
• return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back /CIx$G
• revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government AeN 3<|RN
• rice - n. a food grain ex.+'m<g
• rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something @o`sf-8x
• ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat OSU{8.
• right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left %=y;L:S\p
• riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people }(m1ql
• rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing HB%K|&!+
• risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury vxb@9eb!H
• river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean KrS
• road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other `
q^(SM
• rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal Bu&So|@TL
• rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter aUAcRW
• rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon nQ|GqU\oA
• roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
l@xWQj9
• room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls +.=1^+a
• root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil \Ps5H5Qk;
• rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying tp@*=*^I
• rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well ]}.0el{
• round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle ~)_K"h.DY
• rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing I4ebkP gf
• rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals _FT6]I0
• ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy 2R\
+}
• rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done lVP |W:~K
• run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking N0nj`
S f$vwuW
• sabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.") a
s(; ]
• sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person 9976H\{
• sad - ad. not happy ;>8kPG
• safe - ad. away from harm or danger Vu%n&uF
• sail - v. to travel by boat or ship z"EWj73
• sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
f\ '
T_
• salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food f9a$$nb3`
• same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others "-P/jk
• sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts <*_o0;h|
• satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth TU%bOAKF\
• satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded "oe!M'aj`1
• save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use [ZD[a6(94
• say - v. to speak; to express in words $~G@
• school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn x)_r@l`$ix
• science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them I>aGp|4
• sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean e8-ehs>
• search - v. to look for carefully hl<y4y&|
• season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the year when something usually happens ("baseball season") 7E\g
&R.
• seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in parliament") -=a[J;'q
• second - ad. the one that comes after the first l
sr?b
• secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few j`9Qzi1
• security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.") H99xZxHZ{
• see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know :3O5ET'1
• seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow G|*G9nQ
• seek - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.") #Kl}= 1
4
• seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.") JD*8@N
• seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest x[x
(y{&~
• self X - n. all that which makes one person different from others #w|5jN?
• sell - v. to give something in exchange for money +>}o;`hPe
• Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress p/&HUQQk
• send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place 3+V#[JBJv
• sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel hl]S'yr
• sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime
GW/WUzK
• separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different 9`Vc
• series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order RB;BQoGX
• serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous 3[V
NsX
• serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help 8wmQ4){
• service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony U=QA e
• set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit ]
\dHU.i
• settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place v2>Z^
• several - ad. three or more, but not many 2Wl{Br.
• severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage h.}u?{
• sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young U\bC0q
• shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements {SdO9Yy?@7
• shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks q.T:0|
• share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company [.-a$J[4+F
• sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain :0I
l|aB
• she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about 'RLOV
• sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair ArXl=s';s4
• shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover Ct!S Tk[2
• shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety I`^Y Abnb
• shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright WcEt%mGQ,
• ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat i}lRIXjdV
• shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake R=$Ls6z
• shoe - n. a covering for the foot #pA[k-
• shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun eY}V9*.v
• short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall 9g]M4*?C9P
• should - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.") Y[G9Vok
VX
• shout - v. to speak very loudly ^yVl"/
• show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public 1exfCm
• shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value M-Sv1ZLh
• sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health ;_tO+xL&
• sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health sfI N)jh
• side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body i0ybJOa4
• sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information XTo8,'UaP
• signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a message T4GW1NP
• silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise or sound vGN3 YcH
• silver - n. a valued white metal .@k *p >K
• similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same '{VM>Q
• simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex 1JeJxzv
>C
• since - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we went to school together.") P
4 6,o
• sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice L_?$ayZ;
• single - ad. one only O?E6xc<8
• sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid *h:kmT
• sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person qd(hQsfqYU
• sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated p(?3
V
• situation - n. the way things are during a period of time `%y5\!X
• size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is fSI %c3
• skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions c<tmj{$
• skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience oEIqA
• skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals |!Ists
• sky - n. the space above the earth {^m5#f 0"
• slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another 40.AM1Z0f
• sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed wd+O5Lr.R
• slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface kl<g;3
• slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities s0!kwrBsp
• small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large m6MaX}&zv
• smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with >force or.\)(m#(
• smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the smell of food cooking") =4> @8=JA
• smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning xJc.pvVPw
• smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough U>A6eWhH
• snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold \Tkp
• so - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the plans.") 4 J8Dh;a`
• social - ad. of or about people or a group a_%>CD${t
• soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud aAcKwCGq\
• soil - n. earth in which plants grow 61,O%lV
• soldier - n. a person in the army hBy*09Sv
• solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas (&c,twa~
• solve - v. to find an answer; to settle 7LdzZS0OM
• some - ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all {u4i*udG`)
• son - n. a person's male child I>hmbBlDv
• soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly AY;<q$8j%,
• sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something
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• sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard 8]]@S"ZM,\
• south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun .hne)K%={y
• space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things L!vWRwZwC
• speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group !ew6
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• special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind U!NI_uk
• speech - n. a talk given to a group of people X+*<B(E
• speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done y($
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• spend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.") 9tAE#A
• spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident z L8J`W
• spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death mF~ys{"t
• split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts fFHK:n`
• sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill {83C,C-
• spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known K4Y'B
o4
• spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer T+(M8qb
• spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country ph+M3q(z
• square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides ?(>k,[n
• stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon ZIe +
• stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place
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• star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer 8XlU%a6x
• start - v. to begin; to make something begin HM
90Sb
• starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food M6&~LI.We=
• state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation fw:7U%MGv
• station - n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts OelU
D/[$
• statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal !*5_pGe
• stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.") [0wP\{%
• steal - v. to take without permission or paying aj?2jU~Pq
• steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water rykj2/O
• steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances w"BIv9N
• step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal hRa\1Jt>a
• stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of wood D$QGL I9(
• still - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.") }'PG!+=I
• stone - n. a small piece of rock p%tE v
• stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end gt~9"I
• store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things 40R"^*
• storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow WFRsSp2
• story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined UmYD]
• stove - n. a heating device used for cooking )y(oHRCp->
• straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns AjG)1
• strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known 1k$2LQ
• street - n. a road in a city, town or village J9NsHr:A[
• stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider 3\,MsoAl
• strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands *3!(*F@M,
• strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed 7qpzk7X?pR
• structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building Ih(:HFRMq6
• struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight y:~eU
• study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully s;anP0-O
• stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent K1/
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• subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about 3(MoXA*
• submarine - n. an underwater ship >y]?MGk
• substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas) yVT&rQ"{
• substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another W&HF?w}s
• subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly )t*S'R
• succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result km9Gwg/zT
• such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to kZJt~}
• sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation tX@0:RX%
• suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness MKV=m8G=
• sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants Ii|uGxEc
• suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider =s`XZkh
• summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn ;+
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• sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth MomLda
V9Q
• supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others W/b"a? wE{
• supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others XPar_8I
• support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve sGXp}{E9
• suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.") [Bl
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• suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly 7bctx_W&6
• sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question ,l
rYl!,
• surface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.") 3"^a
rK^N
• surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
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• surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected D."cQ<sxpN
• surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat AQE
eIFH
• surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something s@[C&v
• survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation }@3Ud'
Y
• suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty kqj;l\N
• suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time |^YzFrc
• swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth 6H(fk1E
• swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in the president.") qFvg}}^y
• sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar *LY~l
• swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs %1Vu=zCAW
• sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness v_y!Oh?EG
• system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal