独立主格特征 d1
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• 1. 充当句子的状语。 sK?[ 1BI
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 r }hj,Sq'
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 tm]75*?
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） z[t$[Q g
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. a*
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• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Y!POUMA
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• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). d=>5%$:v
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真题剖析 t Ac;O[L
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. a'T|p)N.;T
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because $ng\qJ"HF
虚拟语气（1） 1]hMA\x
虚拟语气（2） 5lU`o
• 1. （should）+动词原形 l >qCT
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 {.!:T+'Xi\
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 |xf%1(Rl@
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 }>Os@]*'^(
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ;^rZ"2U
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• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 `E|IMUB~
would rather +动词过去式 &rNXn?>b
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真题剖析 Q]|+Y0y}X
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ho(Y?'^t3
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t
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• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. X`aED\#\h
53. A. ordered B. pleaded 3aDma/
C. decided D. demanded +QHhAA $
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非谓语动词
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• 动名词、分词、不定式。
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• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) N9*$'
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 6Edqg
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 lO ) B/N&
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真题剖析 @ + 2Zt%
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. au7BqV!uL
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops
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主谓一致 (1) asJYGqdF
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Vnl~AQfk|
How you got there doesn’t concern me. qJK^i.e
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. F-R`'{ ka
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 P *LcWrK
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4-
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• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 IX>|b A;
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 *\`C! r
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). af_zZf!0
主谓一致 (2) =?2y
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 PQ[TTLG\&
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. e,x@?L*
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) m=K XMX
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） f^]AyU;F:
He no less than John is interested in literature. g Pf aiVY
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. t L5Xfd?u
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 d!d
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. .$yw;go3
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真题剖析 bXW
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• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. -r2cK{Hhp&
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some QA3l:D}u
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate }.'%gJrS
倒装 <_>6a7ra
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一、全部倒装 =oTYwU
二、部分倒装 KH7]`CU
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” =,
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There stand big buildings in this district. n96gDH*
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. &>jkfG
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) U{_s1
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. -FR ; :
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 S=g-&lK
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. i6CYD
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• 4. 表语位于句首 O)|4>J*B
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. @qDrTH]5
Not far from here is a famous university.
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• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 |w2AB7E U
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 2S6EDXc
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. V^z ;^md d
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） *`-29eR"8
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. cOZ^huK
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• 1. 疑问句 {\/nUbo[
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） }.cmiC
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. b DS1'Ce
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 ~&lJT
Only when he comes back can be leave. *.c9$`s
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 [ 0ff OTy
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. Gy6 qLM
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 25c!-.5 D
By no means should you break the rules. R (83E
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. /)?P>!#;\
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) P&3/nL$9N
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” j~S!!Z ]
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Gi2ad+Q H-
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
