独立主格特征 V0 70oZ
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Msj(>U&}+
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 +g.lLb*#
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 /Py1Q
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） YB`
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• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. I
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• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Q}zd !*
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). `J
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真题剖析 5
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. H{1'OC
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because EX"o9'
虚拟语气（1） tS [@3 h
虚拟语气（2） jA' 7@/F/
• 1. （should）+动词原形 fUKi@*^ZUa
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 )&px[Dbx
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Bw Cwy
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 !+o`,K TYp
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 YiGSFg
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 B;Dl2k^L
would rather +动词过去式 h an S8
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真题剖析 w
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … $ISx0 l~
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t w:3CWF4q]
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. S2PPwCU
53. A. ordered B. pleaded N _o|2
C. decided D. demanded M
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非谓语动词 qBF}-N_
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 pT<}n 9yB5
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) _%@ri]u{ov
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 9R3YUW}s
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 N?l
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真题剖析 JrGY`6##p
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. !)HB+yr
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops XLj|y#
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主谓一致 (1) rOTxD/
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 -:|t^RM;FT
How you got there doesn’t concern me. V!zU4!@qP
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. KA{ JSi
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 UhbGU G
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. f19'IH$n{
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 m:]60koz]o
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 k
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). g;\_MbfP
主谓一致 (2) 0
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 eK =v<X
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. YjzGF=g#
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Xr]<v%,C
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） >L,Pw1Y0W[
He no less than John is interested in literature. 63T4' 'bwu
主谓一致 (3) (dQsR sA
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. 4C`p`AQqpQ
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 _)-y&
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. p(pL"
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真题剖析 u$nYdda
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• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. yN9setw*,M
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some #jT=;G7f2
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate (laVm U?I7
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二、部分倒装 9
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” }D*5PV%d
There stand big buildings in this district. k?qd
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. U _
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• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) F.@U
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Ztj~Q 9mu
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 qL/XGIxL?
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. OE5JA8/H
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全部倒装 r>;6>ZMe
• 4. 表语位于句首 be+tAp`
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. Ob
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Not far from here is a famous university. } DQ KfS
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 }e4#Mx
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 4A\>O?\
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. -efB8)A
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 6;%Ajx
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. O+*<^*YyD
部分倒装 ~-K<gT/
• 1. 疑问句 &N\4/'wV
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） iK=SK3)vR
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Yo a|.
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• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 ?*: mR|=
Only when he comes back can be leave. 'c&S%Ra[3G
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 qTi%].F"G
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. VKb'!Ystl
部分倒装 bZ_vb? n
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) z57| 9$h}w
By no means should you break the rules. _{ f7e^;
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ylV BK{w9
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) t?6_^ 08
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” `8<h aU
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. fkW TO"f-
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
