独立主格特征 N G+GEqx
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 mE+*)gb:Rd
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 "g5^_UP
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 } Y12
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） -*1d!
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. UXJ eAE-
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 8{^kQ/]'|
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). W!Gq.M
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真题剖析 t% d Z-Ym
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. g];!&R-
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ;AG8C
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虚拟语气（2） Z@4Ar fl
• 1. （should）+动词原形 Kg{+T`
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ? >7[7( |
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 =Qy<GeY
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 G<L;4nA)
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 <
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• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 /:cd\
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would rather +动词过去式 1 KU!
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真题剖析 5?f ^Rz
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … &h}#HS>l
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t mVj9 , q0
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. z0 d.J1VW
53. A. ordered B. pleaded &) QX7*H
C. decided D. demanded 4S7v:1~xe
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非谓语动词 1y :-N6
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 i}cRi &2[
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) wi!?BCse q
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)
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• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 lqy Qf$t
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真题剖析 ~?l |
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. t^&Cx h
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops [DuttFX^x
主谓一致 (1) EAUEQk?9
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 #`^ }PuQ
How you got there doesn’t concern me. j;zM{qu_
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. cTi fC1Pf
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 /WcG{Wdp
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. y
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• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 !aUs>1i
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 cZ,b?I"Q%
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). JtE M,tK
主谓一致 (2) KYm0@O>;
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 cVv=*81 \
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. w7L{_aom
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) +Ze} B*0
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） =IZT(8
He no less than John is interested in literature. S O/c}vnBB
主谓一致 (3) #^0R&) T
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) C O/]wS
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ^d Wa;m]l
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 iQ67l\{R
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. w{8xpAqm
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真题剖析 tAd%#: K
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 6_o*y 8s.
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ,_ H:
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54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate n&4N[Qlv,
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二、部分倒装 P bn*_/H
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” DCO\c9
There stand big buildings in this district. oH?b}T=9jz
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. O `kl\K*R7
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) _ A y9p[l
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. G $"h&Xy1c
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 Qy<P463A(l
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. Y5Bo|*b
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全部倒装 Lg+Ac5 y}`
• 4. 表语位于句首 qA7>vi%
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 2zA4vZkbcw
Not far from here is a famous university. 4Z=_,#h4.
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. H2
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. :r,pqnH _
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 9L?. m&
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. #G|RnV%t$~
部分倒装 =ho}oL,ZO
• 1. 疑问句 4he GnMD
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. R?|.pq/Ln
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 _Ey9G
Only when he comes back can be leave. }eU*(
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• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 sf
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No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. (Z q/
部分倒装 6I4\q.^qw
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ^ogt+6c
By no means should you break the rules. iN\4gQ!
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 4r#= *
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) dr}`H,X"3
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” %D34/=(X
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. )p0^zv{
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
