独立主格特征 LU $=j
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 IOT-R!.5V
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 < Dt/JA(p
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 + L|x^ B3
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） UR~ s\m
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. HtV 8=.^
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. T5Iz{Ha
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). fE"- W{M
C#LTF-$] )
真题剖析 k8c( |/7d
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Tq?7-_MLC$
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because .*edaDi
虚拟语气（1） E #R1
虚拟语气（2） I0*N
"07n
• 1. （should）+动词原形 Z!-V&H.
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 = o4gW`\z
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 [y~kF?a
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 M`n0
q y
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 _ (-i46x}
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 K~4bT=
would rather +动词过去式 l9e=dV:pH
jx{
fel
真题剖析 %(|-+cLW+
g&{CEfw&
• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … V qcw2
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t YYL3a=;`a
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. z%BX^b$Hj
53. A. ordered B. pleaded %}JSR y
C. decided D. demanded l
$[,V:N
fw
VI%0C@
非谓语动词 gF` hl YD
• 动名词、分词、不定式。
B"
_Xst
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Qsw.429t
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) %g^:0me`
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ]TJ258 P}
f'
bwtjO
rp ^:{6O
真题剖析 q6b&b^r+H
d,o*{sM5d
• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. QyY<Z i;6
!@*= b1
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops =f23lA
主谓一致 (1) OO'zIC<z
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 _ 2)QL
How you got there doesn’t concern me. OI8} v
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. acgx')!c
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 OG_v[ C5
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. |j{]6Nu
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 aK ]AhOG
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 d^v.tYM$N
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). bR1Q77<G\
主谓一致 (2) m>3\1`ZF~<
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 f@$kK?c?
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. gX$gUB) x
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) OT$++cj^
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） #_|O93HN'
He no less than John is interested in literature. )]LP8
J&
主谓一致 (3) zD<8. AIGC
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ^t
*Ba>A
Either my father or my brothers are coming. @,}tY ?>a
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 FD~
U F;VQ
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. C rl:v8
0LSJQ9\p
真题剖析 F~hH >BH9
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ie>mOsz
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some +? [s"(
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate O(9*VoD
倒装 "q!*RO'a
e
'F:LMX
一、全部倒装 rx@i .+
二、部分倒装 WTjmU=<\
ts("(zI1E
全部倒装 ,H<nNBv 3M
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” *65~qAd
There stand big buildings in this district. wehiX7y
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Kb-m
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) yD`pUE$
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. }_mMQg2>=
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 Fu\#:+5\
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. R6:m@
T &bB8tQk
全部倒装 1jAuW~
• 4. 表语位于句首 ,^ dpn
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. \OWxf
[
Not far from here is a famous university. @`Dh 7Q
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Asq&Z$bB_
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Y?z o")
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. tK'9%yA\
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） )7Qp9Fx o
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. q|IU+r:! 3
部分倒装 Ml{4)%~Y7f
• 1. 疑问句 'YYT1H)
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 8 ]O#L}"
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 1=!2|D:C)i
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 * k Ub[
Only when he comes back can be leave. TV0Y{x*~iH
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 0;*[} M]Z
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 9 }42s +
部分倒装 jIHY [yDT
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) xgM\6e
By no means should you break the rules. De>,i%`Q,D
At no time should we give in to difficulties. IlI5xkJ(
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) /'_Yct=
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” g?Rq .py]!
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. i~M-V=Zg
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
