独立主格特征 75>%!mhM
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 : xg
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• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 foPM5+.G
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 !pfpT\i]N:
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） NI/'SMj%
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. PL"=>
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. +% <kcc3
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). =2 *2 $
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真题剖析 :bo2H[U+
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. l_((3e[)
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because L
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虚拟语气（1） ,nog6\
虚拟语气（2） ;"f9 "
• 1. （should）+动词原形 >q')%j
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 A+Bq5mik
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 s o: o
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• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 E690 '\)31
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 d:
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• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 s!W{ru
would rather +动词过去式 }<z [t5
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真题剖析 od@!WjcM[8
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 8eCh5*_$
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 8z- wdO\
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. lq 1223
53. A. ordered B. pleaded Us6 ~7L00
C. decided D. demanded uI)z4Z
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非谓语动词 J, h' eY5
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 AHa]=ka>
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) .^- I<4 .
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) rXrIGgeM
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 QVb{+`.7
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真题剖析 |o_
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. I'J-)D`
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops q)"yP\
主谓一致 (1) - ADb5-
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• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Bgs U:eKe
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Z1\=d =
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. j3 o?B
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 B I >r'
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. :9|CpC`.
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 m7cG ]a~ a
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Jk`0yJi$q
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). %8KbVjn
主谓一致 (2) (]"`>, ray
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 FdxV#.BE
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. T#YJ5Xw
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ?KFj=Yo
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） e1H2w?
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He no less than John is interested in literature. T \TKgO=)
主谓一致 (3) P.Qz>c^-C
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ;C5
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. u0Opn =(_
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 kI
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. l Z
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真题剖析 5Kkp1K$M
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ov Wm}!r
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some (7|!%IO.
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate $mst\]&;
倒装 (+9^)No
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二、部分倒装 Nj}-"R\u
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” a_Z[@W
There stand big buildings in this district. m$^v/pLkM
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ]]V| ]}<)m
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) '+\.&'A
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 6V @ [< d
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 oedLe9!
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. x| A{|oFC
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全部倒装 L[}Ak1 A
• 4. 表语位于句首 1y6{3AZm<
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. c~n: xblv
Not far from here is a famous university. k`r`ZA(kQ-
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ck#MpQ!An
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Aw7_ diK^
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. s )V<dm;T
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） eGlPi|
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. kPF qsq
部分倒装 @SH$QUM(
• 1. 疑问句 = ^_4u%}
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） g+/m:(7[s|
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. tF~D! t@
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 -gy@sSfvkv
Only when he comes back can be leave. x10u?@
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 0m&W: c
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. QX|y};7\e
部分倒装
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) f|'8~C5I@>
By no means should you break the rules. ,p[9EW* 8
At no time should we give in to difficulties. !5=S 2<UX
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) gP:H_nVh
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” `w#p 8vR
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. _!Ir|j.A
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
