独立主格特征 Xd %qebK
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 **%&|9He
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 Y
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• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 nDdY~f.B
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） qm!cv;}c1
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 7h e,(V
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. FTCIfW
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). AuQ|CXG-\
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真题剖析 Hi={(Z5tC4
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. g7]S
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because F%-@_IsG#
虚拟语气（1） +8zACs{ p
虚拟语气（2） N 62;@Z\7
• 1. （should）+动词原形 AVQcD`V3B
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 G,!j P2S
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 %cn 1d>M+I
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 f4 S:L&
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 >
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• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 P?V+<c{
would rather +动词过去式 n~6$CQ5dF(
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真题剖析 4A@HR
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ks. p)F>]
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t e=VSO!(rY
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. sC\?{B0 r
53. A. ordered B. pleaded aQmS'{d?^
C. decided D. demanded t` Bk2Cc)+
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非谓语动词 E|;>!MMA;
• 动名词、分词、不定式。
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• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) R-zS7Jyox
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) k:?)0Uh%^
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 S Yi !%
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真题剖析 ef*Z;HI0
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. r
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops .^A4w;jPU
主谓一致 (1) [gUD +
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 uzQ j+Po
How you got there doesn’t concern me. r[ k
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. " TCJT390
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ^(
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. c86?-u')
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 F/J s K&&
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 h(@.bt#
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). `&x>2F J
主谓一致 (2) yq x!{8=V
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 Ge=6l0
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ?i0u)< H
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) PSAEW .L
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） x Y$x= )
He no less than John is interested in literature. MA9E??p3\
主谓一致 (3) z+oy#p6+F.
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ghW`xm87
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 1h`F* :nva
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ]Rf$&7`g{
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ]4c*Nh%
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真题剖析 ;K l'[~z
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. .(p_YjIA
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some WllQM,h
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate x/]G"?Uix
倒装 ' p!& &.%
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一、全部倒装 \v:Z;EbX
二、部分倒装 u&`rK7 J
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全部倒装 _Nz?fJ:$@
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” !*q Q 7
There stand big buildings in this district. j~in%|^
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. J 8@bPS27q
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) T-s[na(/L
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. Ly`.~t(~l
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 !8
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. %gqu7}'
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全部倒装 6h [fk.W_
• 4. 表语位于句首 >"]t4]GVf
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. ]xV2= !J
Not far from here is a famous university. +q432ZG
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 o(i?_4 E
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. )q{e L $
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. L6=5]?B=
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） DQN"85AIZ
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. cn_KHz=
部分倒装 {4R;C~ E8
• 1. 疑问句 V8%( h[
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） FePWr7Ze
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 1[Jv9S*f/
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 ]4_)WUS.c
Only when he comes back can be leave. 8; ,(D# p
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 bFIv}c+;
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. pN;T t+}
部分倒装 Y-"7R>^I
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) a&n}pn En)
By no means should you break the rules. Eds{-x|10
At no time should we give in to difficulties. S#ud<=@!9
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) Y]}>he1/
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• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” KJ6:ZTbW
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
