独立主格特征 O'@ [ f{
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 -eD]gm
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 <c<! |<x
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 <5#2^ (
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） *XYp~b
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 5:5d=7WX
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ^K4?uABc
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). u~JR]
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真题剖析 to1r
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. L`w r~E2u
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because t.
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虚拟语气（1）
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虚拟语气（2） "3a} ~J<g
• 1. （should）+动词原形 -okq= 9
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 bC) <K/Q9
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 OjG`s-91&
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 wa`c3PQGu
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 c6h+8QS
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 R h$+9w
would rather +动词过去式 G$QN_h,}
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真题剖析 (ov&iN
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 0@y`iZ]
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t @0NWc
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• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. I _N:j,Mx
53. A. ordered B. pleaded guf*>
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C. decided D. demanded -AolW+Y
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非谓语动词 `R7d n/
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 _6`GHx
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) utl-#Wwt/
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) SXO.|"M
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ;O{bF8 U
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真题剖析 . jC5 y&
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ?E} gm>
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops N `3^:EJL8
主谓一致 (1) {.[EX MX
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. 4` fV_H.8
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. a^E>LJL
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 VlSM/y5
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. (!J;g|58
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 :F#^Q%-IS
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 )R?uz X^qf
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). i_*.
主谓一致 (2) gyV`]u q G
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. [Ob'E!;<
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) +RR6gAma}<
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） @]8flb
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He no less than John is interested in literature. .3XiL=^~Qp
主谓一致 (3) /
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 1ah,Zth2
Either my father or my brothers are coming. O@W/s!&lFa
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 G (Hr*T%
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 7+@-mJMP$D
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真题剖析 S1@r.z2L
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. ,/TmTX--d
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some O;McPw<&\:
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate C.LA r~P
倒装 -MsL> F.]
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一、全部倒装 #f_'&m
二、部分倒装 9=/4}!.
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全部倒装 &`vThs[x
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” #.fJ
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There stand big buildings in this district. J|be'V#]1
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. V
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• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 3XQe? 2:<
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 1q5S"=+W[
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 vdB2T2F
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ;#IrHR*Bk
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全部倒装 ,,80nW9E
• 4. 表语位于句首 GBR$k P
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. yM9>)SE5`
Not far from here is a famous university. #Yp
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• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 @|"
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. }U5$~, *p
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ZU.E}Rn:
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ,3MHZPJ?k]
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. i;]# @n|
部分倒装 r2i]9>w
• 1. 疑问句 J&JZYuuf
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） `_ M+=*}
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. BI*0JK
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• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 fZsw+PSy
Only when he comes back can be leave. Z02EE-A
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ^4Xsd h5
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. /0|1xHs
部分倒装 `nEqw/ I
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) T;{ :a-8
By no means should you break the rules. EL z5P}L6
At no time should we give in to difficulties. F]>+pU
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) -JPkC(V7]
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 5T( cy
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ]>k8v6*=
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
