独立主格特征 ?=|kC*$/G
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 f?0s & Xo
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ,@Z_{,b
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 kN'Thq/ZE
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词）
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• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. B7
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• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 0U&d q#
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). M4<+% EV}
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真题剖析 tjb/[RQ
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. F RH&B 5w
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ;mJkqbVol
虚拟语气（1） e(\Q)re5Q
虚拟语气（2） d/B*
• 1. （should）+动词原形 1KJZWZy
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Gc5V Q^]
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 :,C%01bH|l
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 R@ QQNYU.D
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 i =da,W=0
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 #uWE2*')
would rather +动词过去式 !" (u_dFw
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真题剖析 /W9
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … eYDgEM
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Kfd _uXL>
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. ]|BojSL_
53. A. ordered B. pleaded Mryn>b`c B
C. decided D. demanded 3jg'1^c
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非谓语动词 >e_%M5 0
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 gD5P!}s[u0
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) uri*lC
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Ge~,[If+
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 NE[ y|/
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真题剖析 2mLUdx~c
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. $*i7?S@~-
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops a.CF9m5]c
主谓一致 (1) km}MqBQl
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 qdO [d|d
How you got there doesn’t concern me. kI<Wvgo L
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. uX98iJ
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 !+=Zjm4L
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. ki`8(u6l
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 tw-fAMwU
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 htV#5SUx&
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Jxn3 $
主谓一致 (2) zw
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 b h*^{
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. % mJ~F*Dy
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) RrKfTiK H
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） /MhS=gVxM
He no less than John is interested in literature. T!1SMo^
主谓一致 (3) YsZ
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) =?HzNA$yh
Either my father or my brothers are coming. hEWx.
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 z;[gEA+I
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. pXve02b1B
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真题剖析 F OeVRq:#
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. oHO W5
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 9LH=3Qt
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate 7Pwg+
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倒装 ]7v 81G5E
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一、全部倒装 pF|8OB%
二、部分倒装 ,.[.SU#V
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全部倒装 K2*1T +?X
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” c[&d @
There stand big buildings in this district. ^e T@!N
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. {5U1`>
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 3b+7^0frY#
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. RV(
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• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 f 9vcf# 2
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. SrdE>fNbs
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全部倒装
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• 4. 表语位于句首 E^oEG4 X@
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. "g
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Not far from here is a famous university. } 9MW! Ss
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 +<'uw
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. zd?bHcW/h
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. F6RyOUma
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ~z\pI|DQ
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. RH<@c^ S
部分倒装 Ytl:YzXCi
• 1. 疑问句 uU8*$+ "
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） {Uik|
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. +9<,3I Je6
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 u+%)JhIp
Only when he comes back can be leave. OU0xZ=G
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 *D,v>(
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. d_4n0Kh0
部分倒装 I T*fjUY&
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ' 0\0SL
By no means should you break the rules. yrxx+z|wR
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Z& ~k]R0y
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) kcg)_]~
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• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Mft0D j/
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. #Z2>TN
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
