语法重点总结

独立主格特征 SdJ/4&{ !  
•    1. 充当句子的状语。 ,a0pAj  
•    2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 cSK&[>i)4  
•    3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 R^n@.^8s  
•    4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） WR#0<cz(  
•    例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 347eis'  
•         b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. QA;!caNp  
•         c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). syPWs57pH  
U# JIs  
真题剖析 2i7e
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•    (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are   46   of the material which would 47 feed them. MCc$TttaVz  
45. A. For B. As   C. With    D. Because EJ84rS
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虚拟语气（1） q,%:h`t\  
虚拟语气（2） (Yb[)m>fQ}  
•    1. （should）+动词原形 )ev<7g9*q  
•    It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 8K"+,s(%R  
•    It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 $`VFdAe  
•    It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 )G1P^WV4  
•    部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 >\Sr{p5KR  
•    2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 %Ym^{N  
    would rather +动词过去式 x@>&IBiL  
^U[D4UM  
真题剖析 CC^E_jT  
kAA>FI6  
•    (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … ciQZHH2  
  47. A. do   B. did   C. don’t   D. didn’t Q{g;J`Z)p  
•    (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they   53 that the professor be sent home. I5m][~6.?  
53. A. ordered     B. pleaded 1O/ g&u  
    C. decided     D. demanded |JF@6  
R&f^+0%f  
非谓语动词 Cq)IayD@  
•    动名词、分词、不定式。 (la[KqqCO  
•    主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) eLD|A=X?  
•    发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) PxFWJ?=  
•    To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Z;l`YK^-  
\55VqGyxu9  
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真题剖析 t"072a  
Kf tgOG f  
•    (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. *Lqg=9kzr  
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops !~]<$WZV  
主谓一致 (1) j^tW Iz  
•    1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 $dS@y+  
  How you got there doesn’t concern me. u9+kLepOT  
  Growing vegetables needs constant watering. g-c ;}qz  
•    2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 mm[2wfT
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  Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.  
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•    3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 M-)RQ-h  
•    4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 xv{O^Ie+S  
  Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). uiq^|5Z  
主谓一致 (2) sJwyj D$b  
•    5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 H{J'# 9H  
  Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Q+4tIrd+  
  If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.   (--thing 的情况例外) d8-A*W[  
•    6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） \^I>Q_LU  
  He no less than John is interested in literature. RrUBpqA  
主谓一致 (3) N7E$G{T
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•    7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) +)zOer,  
  Either my father or my brothers are coming.   z'T)=ycT  
•    8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ,h"-  
  Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 2'=T[<nNB  
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真题剖析 g&/T*L  
•    (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. r.7$&BCng  
  53. A. none   B. few   C. any   D. some `+6R0Ch  
  54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate cwiX8e"3  
倒装 ca+5=+X7  
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一、全部倒装 w$JvB
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二、部分倒装 3R+|5Uq8~  
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全部倒装 mI74x3 [  
•    1. “There (Here) +be+主语” pz"0J_xDM  
There stand big buildings in this district. <&C]sb  
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. J2:y6kGj>  
•    2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) 98^V4maR:  
  In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. "AE5 V'  
•    3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ]+X@ 7  
  In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. / m=HG^!  
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全部倒装 /Rl6g9}  
•    4. 表语位于句首 G^ :C+/)  
Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
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Not far from here is a famous university. Mo^ od<  
•    5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 zCk^B/j sM  
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. M3.do^ss  
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. $< JaLS  
•    6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） <7~'; K  
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. 7Op>i,HZk\  
部分倒装 5 sX+~Q  
•    1. 疑问句 $` ""  
•    2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） m;,N)<~  
  Never did John speak rudely to his parents. hv?9*tLh0  
•    3. “only+状语”位于句首 ^~etm  
  Only when he comes back can be leave. 9iQq.$A.  
•    4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 `x*Pof!Io  
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. c24dSNJg,  
部分倒装 M!o##* *`  
•    5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) LcTP#
 
  By no means should you break the rules. 'd9INz.  
  At no time should we give in to difficulties. ;>Ib^ov  
•    6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)   uI )6M  
•    7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ?Wlb3;  
  Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ZQV6xoN;r  
  Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.

谢谢,很需要