独立主格特征 q1|@v#kH6
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 1O90 ]c0
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 :"+3Uk2
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 XhOg >
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） u:^9ZQ+
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. XKT[8o<L
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. [-#q 'S
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). 2d&HSW
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真题剖析 l!} 7GWj
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. } 9+Vf'u|l
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because !nF.
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虚拟语气（1） ^3Z~RK\}
虚拟语气（2） 70nBC
• 1. （should）+动词原形 cvV8 ;
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 $oi8 <8Y
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 In}~bNv ?
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 nTz(
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• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 l_
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• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 YA8ZB&]En/
would rather +动词过去式 ?a ~#`<
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真题剖析 %){) /~e&
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … l
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 0C0ld!>r
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. V}q=!zz
53. A. ordered B. pleaded K1-y[pS]E
C. decided D. demanded u%n
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非谓语动词 PkDh[i9Z|
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 >F;yfv;
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) /Au7X'}
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) WL1$LLzN
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 kC0^2./p
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真题剖析 w)%/Me3o
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. b
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops -y )g}D%
主谓一致 (1) F!ra$5u
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 RRR=R]
How you got there doesn’t concern me. ug9]^p/)^
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. QhmOO-Z?
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 $3{ I'r]
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Z}$ 1~uyw
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 8DZ
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• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 >D*%1
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). r*W&SU9Z
主谓一致 (2) 6YYDp&nqEj
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 TDHS/"MbA7
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. gYvT'72
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) A<[X @o}92
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） VyxX5Lr
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He no less than John is interested in literature. qre(3,VE5
主谓一致 (3) 6eAJ >9@x
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) yo"!C?82=
Either my father or my brothers are coming. OiMr,
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 $ h8,QP
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. vB1nj<]&z
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真题剖析 P/doNv}iG
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. bKP@-<:]
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some uy
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54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate C'xWRS DO
倒装 "y$s`n4Mj
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一、全部倒装 "c0Nv8_G
二、部分倒装 Lo^gg #o
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全部倒装 /faP@Q3kR
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” DzE_ p-
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There stand big buildings in this district. - <M'h
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. OZi4S3k
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) a&s&6Q|Y
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. EK<ly"S.
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 2kVQ#JyuRI
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. dEG
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全部倒装 R\,qL-Br
• 4. 表语位于句首 =X}s^KbI{
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. #CTHCwYo
Not far from here is a famous university. = %oQIx
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 tA]Y=U+Q
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ~sbn"OS +
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. U.p"JSH
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• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） Tg\wBhJr|
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. bbxo !K
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部分倒装 ~Op~~
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• 1. 疑问句 Cso-WG,
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） h1jEulcMtq
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 35 PIfq m
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 l~c# X
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Only when he comes back can be leave. o0\d`0-el
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ^U[yk'!Y
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. a?
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部分倒装 J'#R9NO<
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) jpRC6b?
By no means should you break the rules. _5&LV2
At no time should we give in to difficulties. f5dctDHP
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) !(>yB;u
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” wS}Rl}#Oh?
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. /Vy,6:$H3
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
