独立主格特征 j%Z5[{!/,X
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Z1+Ewq3m
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ~UQ<8`@a
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 1=sL[I 7<
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） V lO^0r^ z
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. TvT>UBqj=
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. tSo F!@6
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). 3$
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真题剖析 ][V`ym-e
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. pr4y*!|Y$
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because /uDcJ1u66
虚拟语气（1） eLXL5&}`fh
虚拟语气（2） n <> ^cD
• 1. （should）+动词原形 Y$c7uA:4
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ya^8mp-
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 fi ~@J`
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 c~OPH
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• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 5
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• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Vjo[rUW
would rather +动词过去式 %_B2/~
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真题剖析 @]2aPs} }6
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … c{?
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t dhJ=+Fz"w
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. /iQh'rp
53. A. ordered B. pleaded `Eu,SvkF w
C. decided D. demanded 'X6Y!VDd
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非谓语动词 di9OQ*6a7
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 `D=`xSEYl
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 3Zyv X]@_
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) vRf $#fBEQ
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 2g?q4e ,
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真题剖析 !dh:jPpKq
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 1ZYo-a;)
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops M3F1O6=4j
主谓一致 (1) PN<Vqt W
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 Dr=$ }Y
How you got there doesn’t concern me. kw gLK@@%1
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. JhTr{8 {
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 :& :P4Y1
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. =h|cs{eT\2
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 s3Zt)xQ3
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 P ?n4B \!
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
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主谓一致 (2) Kr1Y3 [iNv
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 -{9mctt/gE
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. enQW;N1_M
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 6oZHSjC*
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） f>4|>kS
He no less than John is interested in literature. '@M"#`#0
主谓一致 (3) !.t D.(XP
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) fc<y( uX
Either my father or my brothers are coming. f_xv X f:
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 j%w^8}U>G
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ~x<?Pj
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真题剖析 L]!![v.VY
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. lz<'
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some Cj`~ntMN
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate ;s3\Z^h4kd
倒装 ` V [4
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二、部分倒装 _xm <zy{`S
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全部倒装 3c,4 wyn
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” tD}-&"REP
There stand big buildings in this district. "9QZX[J|*
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. qGMU>J.;c
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) $':5uU1}
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. w2X HY>6];
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 (GpP=lSSeY
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. aQ\SV0 PI
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• 4. 表语位于句首 _a& Z$2O
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. rCczQ71W
Not far from here is a famous university. &I8DK).M+
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ED79a:
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. e Ru5/y~
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. u pUJF`3
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） G!I5Er0pdy
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. * C+[I
部分倒装 F
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• 1. 疑问句 s[h;9
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） YzM/?enK}T
Never did John speak rudely to his parents.
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• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 8N9,HNBT$
Only when he comes back can be leave. 4~$U#$u_
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 Q$]1juqg
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. O AW_c.)5D
部分倒装 =FIZh}JD
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) u1u;a G
By no means should you break the rules. .* oL@iX
At no time should we give in to difficulties. g4Dck4^! 4
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) h>[ qXz
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ps,Kj3^T<
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. mr G?5.7W
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
