独立主格特征 Pe@M_ r
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 ]UyIp `nV;
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 @=ABO"CQ
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 mlCw(i,
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） "(j.:jayd
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. b%> vhj&F
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Ijq',@jE
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). cQEK>aA d
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真题剖析 kOR5'rh
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. *k'D%}N:
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because S N_!o2 F2
虚拟语气（1） 1c);![O
虚拟语气（2） '9cShe
• 1. （should）+动词原形 p~1
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 b*=eMc
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• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ") kE 1D%
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Gy0zh|me
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 q:N"mp<%
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 4eapR|#T
would rather +动词过去式 yiyyw,iy
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真题剖析 4L# q?]$
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … vy W/f
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t v3
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• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 4$9WJ ~V{
53. A. ordered B. pleaded +=#sa m*i
C. decided D. demanded t4)~A5s
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非谓语动词 jSVIO v:
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 ZrJAfd \5c
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) tqy R ~
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 4Z >KrFO
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 %rVC3}
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真题剖析 ;&4}hPq
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. Pe[~kog,TP
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops <PL9 4
主谓一致 (1) 71`)@y,Z,
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ${\iHg[vZ
How you got there doesn’t concern me. *'D(
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. O >UG[ZgW
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 ST'M<G%4E
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. hh\}WaY
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 :%ms6j/B&V
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 yn=BO`sgW
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 6qfL-( G
主谓一致 (2) eZpyDw C{
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 *`.h8gTD,
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. D"kss5>w
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) vsc)EM ]
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） t"[ x x_i
He no less than John is interested in literature. t5
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主谓一致 (3) R+va
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) cm`Jr#kl{
Either my father or my brothers are coming. # O3Y#2lI
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 UQZ<sp4v;
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. f;os\8JdM
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真题剖析 37C'knW
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. &sh5|5EC
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some VRe7 Q0
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate o<
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倒装 @ \{L%y%a0
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二、部分倒装 tOUpK20q.@
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” L!:8yJK
There stand big buildings in this district. Vr/UY79
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. n1yIQ8 F
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) dJYsn+
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 8PKUg
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• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 Z5x&P_.x[
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. >* Ag0.Az
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• 4. 表语位于句首 &TgS$c5k
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. zWs ("L(#s
Not far from here is a famous university. P 8& BtA
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 >z #^JR\6
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. k7L-J
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ?/@ U#Qy
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） \&!qw[;O
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. e]9Z]a 2
部分倒装 QUQ w/
• 1. 疑问句 %XC 3V7
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Zk:
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Never did John speak rudely to his parents. If>bE!_BO
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 }xa~U,#5
Only when he comes back can be leave. pie8 3Wy>
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ur$=%3vM
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. -P6Z[ V%
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 7g7[a/Bts
By no means should you break the rules. [d?tf
At no time should we give in to difficulties. zG*
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• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) #c%F pR4
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” UdOO+Z_K%
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 31GqWN`>$
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
