独立主格特征 2Ay * kmW
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Ki$MpA3j
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 x g;+<iW
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 'm FqE n
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） OuID%p"O
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 5A3xVN=
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. Uyg5i[&X@
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). ;S ^'V
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真题剖析 t!W(_8j
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. ^6 MU
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because lhAX; s &9
虚拟语气（1） ~=6xyc /c
虚拟语气（2） e.7 E U
• 1. （should）+动词原形 bYpnt V
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 N `5,\TR2f
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 tl,.f jZn
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 :8=i kwQ
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 {JZZZY!n2
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 c'>/
would rather +动词过去式 5\5/
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真题剖析 Z_};|B}
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … L tWP0 @JA
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t m ZtCL
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 5[k/s}g
53. A. ordered B. pleaded M -cTR d-i
C. decided D. demanded vM*-D{
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非谓语动词 a
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• 动名词、分词、不定式。 ]/[FR 5>
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) V
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• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 3oGt3 F{gZ
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 BZ94NOOdw
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真题剖析 nrL9
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. bR*-Ht+wd
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops wa<MRt W=
主谓一致 (1) > BR(W d.
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 fM]+SMZy
How you got there doesn’t concern me. m!|kW{B#A
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. wxR,OR
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 0t^ M3+nc
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 0[R L>;D:
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ,0~^>K
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 mC4zactv
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). K,Ef9c/+K
主谓一致 (2) 03|PYk 6EW
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 TTeH `
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 8qk?E6
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) %7"q"A r[
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） K$&s=Hm
He no less than John is interested in literature. "W =AB&
主谓一致 (3) G 3+.H
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) e bm])~ZL
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 9E
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• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 S/}2; \Xm
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. .\[`B.Q
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真题剖析 di? K"Z>
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. f1`gdQ)H
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some C\3y {s
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate {%<OD8>p
倒装 bP8Sj16q
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一、全部倒装 _76PIR{an
二、部分倒装 I, -hf=-
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全部倒装 ^$%S & W
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” e>7]w,*|
There stand big buildings in this district. l,R/Gl
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. AjmVc])
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) p M^9c7@!:
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. _wC3k AO
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 iocI:b <
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. H9KKed47d/
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全部倒装 G % N
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• 4. 表语位于句首 8;z6=.4xtg
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. _,zA ^*b
Not far from here is a famous university. - |kA)M[
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 T:t]"d} }
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. *7*lE"$p
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. A:>01ZJ5S+
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） #%`|~%`{:
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. v$~QU{ &
部分倒装 2]I4M[|&z
• 1. 疑问句 8j Mk
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• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 7x#Ckep:I
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. <!L>Exh&r
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 /4t j3B,
Only when he comes back can be leave.
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• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 p M x
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. C2@,BCR
部分倒装 nFE4qm
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) c05TsMF&O
By no means should you break the rules. >G );j@Q
At no time should we give in to difficulties. ^9^WuSq
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) UH]l9 Aq$P
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” *j]9vktH
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 9dFy"yxYa
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
