独立主格特征 =3A4.nW
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 Hm !"%
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 "\`Fu
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 QA;,/iw `
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） `w`N5 !
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
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• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
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• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). \lQI;b;$
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真题剖析 (Cq 38~mR
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Vn:v{-i
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because \v\ONp"
虚拟语气（1） km5gO|V>m
虚拟语气（2） +l/kH9m
• 1. （should）+动词原形 9
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 qxAh8RR;/
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 }fkdv6mz
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 NB'G{),)Z
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 Qjnh;uBO
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 *y7 Yf7
would rather +动词过去式 KWD{_h{ R
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真题剖析 4guR8 elM
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … / F"eqMN
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Bsg^[~jWJu
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. 1pG| jT+Bi
53. A. ordered B. pleaded
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C. decided D. demanded V4}jv7> A
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非谓语动词 Zos .W S#
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 O`%F{&;29
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) <8?
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• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Qnt }:M +
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +$VDV4l
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真题剖析 qa@;S,lp
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. %(6+{'j~#
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops j1->w 8
主谓一致 (1) n{~&^Nby*I
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 j r .{M
How you got there doesn’t concern me. iR{@~JN=)
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. JzCkV F$
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 HN/YuP03[
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. HGh)d` 8
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Q"eqql<h#
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 Xg1TX_3 Ml
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 4Wa$>vz
主谓一致 (2) DoO
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 * KiY+_8>
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Pj g#
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) U1/ww-!Z
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） &dj/Dq@
He no less than John is interested in literature. ^!k_"C)B
主谓一致 (3) -AVT+RE9z
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) B>d49(jy
Either my father or my brothers are coming. b%@9j;
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Q;=4']hYU
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. UL&>
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真题剖析 '
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• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. /RhM6N
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some qQo*:3/];
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate =Ov,7<8o
倒装 Sa.nUj{M=
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一、全部倒装 /Hm/%os
二、部分倒装 &pz`gna
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” |)O; +e\
There stand big buildings in this district. [-
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Here on the desk lies a pile of books. @ RoU
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) *?Wr^T
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ) 54cG
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 }I`o%GL
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. G2c\"[N1/
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全部倒装 ?G&J_L=@Y
• 4. 表语位于句首 ~:_1
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Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
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Not far from here is a famous university. | -Gb Hfz
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Xo.3OER
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. %t:13 eM
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. R \y
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• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） lq Av
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. _R
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部分倒装 "Nq5FcS9
• 1. 疑问句 w0<1=;_%
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） !g~u'r'1
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. jcxeXp|00
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 sN 1I+X
Only when he comes back can be leave. hrfSe $8
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 b|@f!lA
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. k>\s6
部分倒装 }~<9*M-P
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) g9
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By no means should you break the rules. \ ERHnh
At no time should we give in to difficulties. w~e$ul(IQM
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) <Lq.J`|+
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” jrYA5>=>#
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. $*
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
