独立主格特征 xK
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• 1. 充当句子的状语。 }E*#VA0/nY
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 w!h !%r
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 euQ d
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） )wm XicURC
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. rNd ap*.
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. rqifjsv
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). $6R<)]6
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真题剖析 7u0!Q\
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. dKhDO` .s
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 5X'[{'i ,
虚拟语气（1） j$BM$q/c
虚拟语气（2） dnH?@ K
• 1. （should）+动词原形 a>6!?:Rj
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 UfXqc yY(
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 njX!Ez
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 v:eVK!O
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 }m(u o T~
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 $yBU
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would rather +动词过去式 ] =7}Y%6
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真题剖析 gC W .;|2
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Bzw~OB{!=J
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t fU8 &fo%ER
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. gM '_1zs
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded ">j}!n
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C. decided D. demanded "oz qfh
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非谓语动词 k7'_
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 H_
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• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) /q0[T{Wz$
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) c= 0S]_
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 RQ;pAO
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真题剖析 ]6bh #N;.
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. %wzDBsX
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops .B_LQ;0:
主谓一致 (1) UzTFT:\
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 ry)g<OA
How you got there doesn’t concern me. .jA'BF.
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. :m #[V7
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。
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Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 7Ko<,Kp2b
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 3M\~#>
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 .0+= #G>
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). $a.fQ< ,\X
主谓一致 (2) ur7 sf$
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 }-4@EC>
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. R-QSv$
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) .,[ NJ:l
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 69/aP=
He no less than John is interested in literature. ]z3!hgTj
主谓一致 (3) PIOG| E
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) :x88
Either my father or my brothers are coming. ~C M%WvS
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 3kqO5+,C
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. A.- j 5C4
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真题剖析 3mef;! q
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. |y%pJdPk=
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some :DWvH,{+&
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate ]] Bq te
倒装 ;|yd}q=p
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一、全部倒装 yBKEw(1
二、部分倒装 +;#z"m]
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” =: fN
There stand big buildings in this district. l 7T@<V
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. FT'2 J
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) W0-KFo.'
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 2 eC `^
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 s8:-*VR9
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. J^w!? nk
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全部倒装 TKH!, Ow9A
• 4. 表语位于句首 Ty&O k*
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. W^e"()d/Z
Not far from here is a famous university. ;6) Onwx
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 q9
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. BT *z^Z H
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. e'l@M$^
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） *`]#ntz 9
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. N+N98~Y`P
部分倒装 90Sp(
• 1. 疑问句 0Z4o3r[
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） O3JBS^;V2
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. ` W} Bc
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 QKHAN{hJ
Only when he comes back can be leave. xJ rKH
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 hu at,zLS
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. k.n- JS
部分倒装 dCn'IM1
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) u*6Y>_iA
By no means should you break the rules. SJ8C
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. h0z>dLA#2
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) y[A%EMd
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” V;IV2HT0J"
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. #qDMUN*i
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
