2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 7,_N9Q]rB
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the j%b/1@I
United States by applying new social research findings on the l.lXt
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experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration &&|*GAjJ
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of 0W9,uC2:N
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate H__9%p#
propositions. [X=-x=S,
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England ooByGQ90V:
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World Ym-uElWo
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies Xf9<kbRw/
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather Uw5z]Jck
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly )`^t,x<S
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of s*:J=+D]G
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that 3IZ^!J
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a $TL~SVHj;{
typical New World community. For example, the economic and ~DVAk|fc
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. >tqLwC."'
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns F>)u<f,C
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as v$w!hYsQ
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, ]6p?mBuQ
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the G#8HY VF
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial f$N
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entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who ^/2n[orl5
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled V(A6>0s$|
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers y|nMCkuX
demanded skilled artisans. )Rn}4)9!iT
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized j{IAZs#@>
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct VieC+Kk
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. T#Qn\8
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, YL=?N k/
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is A}FEM[2
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never "?EA G
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, r
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where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished cV_nYcLkz
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New }L{en
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions zJOjc/\
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North 9;k_"@A6
American culture. Rgw\qOb
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands d%\{,
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he F"#bCnS
fails to link their experience with the political development of the M])Y|}wv8
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might VJS|H!CH
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as cXFNX<
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American {j+w|;
dZF
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time ``)ys^V
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their 3<1Uq3Pa
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that ^<
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a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who ` =RJ8u
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were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. h!?7I=p~#
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iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) 8C#R
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North 7c1xB.g
America is supported by information in the text? ,`v)nwP
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came K4YpE}
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as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring UM(tM9
land. %| }obiV)
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were "~0m_brf
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. Q"n*`#Yt'
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at ~0,Utqy
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during Q0i.gEwe
the seventeenth century. H'Bor\;[>
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in fpJM)HU
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. w>>)3:Ytd
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to o7)<