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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点 [!~}S  
一、代词 !Lkm? (_  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 ,Sg33N ?  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 V!&P(YO:  
  主格、宾格、所有格 ~5 >[`)  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) 4pPI'd&/7  
Q7GY3X*kA  
(二) 反身代词 =~jA oOC@  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 mCdgKr|n  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) EB,4PEe:  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) ;Z9IZ~  
H;S%Y`V  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  fu]N""~  
    A                 B    3Aj*\e0t  
  a series of indicators that could help ;`UecLb#  
             C      :(p )1=I  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. z<&m*0WYA  
    D .:9s}%Z r  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 j@| `f((4  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 WG5W0T_  
zwr\:Hu4  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 v>m n/a  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 a$JLc a  
&y\sL"YL!  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies  &` Ck  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ir[jCea,  
     A   B      C          D hfrnxeM#~  
  Pacific. "A[ b rG  
0LL c 1t>}  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 |vILp/"9=W  
SEd5)0X^  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 lA;a  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: g/Wh,f3  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 z" QJhCh7  
uk7'K 0j  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined ^^Jnv{)  
                       A    HeA{3s  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and cQUC.TZ_  
             B * fc-gAj  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. %f ju G  
   C       D .$rC0<G[K  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 >e&:`2%.  
GWP dv  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important )TmtS SS  
        A     %[QV,fD'E  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John 39TT{>?`w  
   B        C      :k,Q,B.I  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  zO=%J)-=  
      D m7qqY  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. KEr\nKT1  
{]}s#vvy  
e}{U7xQm1  
(四) Who和which的区别 fI|[Z+"  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 )Y]/^1h x  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 k(s;,B\  
~H6;I$e[  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who k9si| '  
              A            B Ff4*IOZ}(  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. E^Gg '1  
   C                  D !K0JV|-?t  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 -$a>f4]  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 z3 ?\:Yz  
b"j|Bb  
(五) that和which的区别 ,"?A2n-qO  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 4&X*pL2;  
WE!v SZ3R  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it 3:CO{=`\7B  
              A        B { 1lO  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. -8Ti*:  
      C              D y=sGe!^  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 b=PVIZ  
/.Jb0h[W1  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 w7kJg'X/6  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ^>$P)=O:v  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when uQ Co6"e  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. D&:yMp(  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which 2z0n<`  
Sr.;GS5i  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly 2 YxTMT  
              A         B   +Ezgn/bS&  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. 8\ha@&p  
         C      D j6}R7 $JR  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 %:C ]7gQ  
%"$@%"8;3  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  O9h+Q\0\W  
  affected the way people in the United States----. JC;^--0(z  
   (A) living and working # '|'r+  
   (B) they live and work '_0]vupvY  
   (C) live and work #VbVs l  
   (D) to live and to work  t,%iL  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 ] gb=  
irBDGT~  
二、介词 Pt< s* (  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 k!XhFWb  
B7*}c]^6/  
(一) 介词搭配 Jc*XX u)  
tJI ,r_  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those +{`yeZ9S  
    A         B   C      lT8\}hNI+  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. I?!rOU= 0  
                D u V6g[J  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 !cEG}(|h  
ekSY~z=/u  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. Tp%(I"H'_;  
A       B     C  D sYbH|}  
分析:B错改为be rich in **_&i!dtL  
tV;% J4E'  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the wNCCH55Pt  
    A         B      C ,%"xH4d  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. mPZGA\  
             D JHV)ZOO  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 CX/(o]  
0`#(Toe{B  
d 4{FDqto  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 #} ,x @]p  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 [`fI:ao|  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. RNJ FSD.  
          A      B  C     D H -t|i  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 pgc3j P!  
Qc-(*}  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has +=@^i'  
                 A  B     7v~j=Z>  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on x!7yU_ls`  
      C -e-e9uP  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. 9 t:]  
      D 3!9 Z=- tD  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 h BMH)aU  
Gm8E<iTP  
2、介词by y=N"=Z  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by _2Zp1h,  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing c$M%G)P  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States ^QL 877  
    A         B       V^fV7hw<  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. x"B' zP  
   C     D loOOmHhJ&  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 [I+9dSM1t  
_9If/RD  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils dSK 0h(8  
   A                      [Eq<":)  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to |"7Pv skT  
     B    C       D E,"&- `/2v  
   supply moccasins and field rations. ! p.^ITM3S  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 mV\$q@sII  
c.K =(y*  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with f=:.BR{  
        A                H#(<-)j0_  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements K b(9)Re  
        B          C   D'i6",Z>  
  that are often represented at symbols. R{}qK r  
              D DZ`k[Z.VZ  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 " ~Q*XN2  
三、谓语动词 kn  Hv?#  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 &d^=s iL  
①、主谓分割原则 &^QPkX@p  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, :=!Mh}i  
     A     x mo&![P  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. ,)#.a%EKA  
        B      C      D /6tcSg)  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 "kSwa16O  
_/x& <,3  
②、与后者一致原则 'EX4.h a5  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, z^`]7 i  
not only…but also f_<Y\  
SGf9U^ds  
>4)g4~'n!  
③、与前者一致原则 .h8M  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, Q1V2pP+=@  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 2VYvO=KA  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and a@ W7<9fY;  
     A      B  C     /H&aMk}J@y  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. > >V&yJ_  
         D h6QWH  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is *{[d%B<lp  
E+{5-[Zc*$  
④、就近原则 l>Av5g)  
or, either…or, neither…nor, Gpu_=9vzv  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are P(_(w 9  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is a <p %hY3  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 V/-MIH7SF  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 Xp^$ E6YFy  
Xw(3j)xQ  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are ;1E_o  
        A      B        4x]NUt  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. ,%8$D-4#_  
    C              D A$m<@%Sz  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 J|?[.h7tO  
P# bm uCOS  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 MPG+B/P&  
There are five apples that are red. gV`S%   
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 D pNX66O  
BvJ\x)  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets ybYXD?  
      A            S)Mby  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. s((b"{fFb  
   B   C    D '\'7yN'  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 )|:8zDuJ  
40+fGRyOL  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 H<z30r/-w  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. X&,N}9>B  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 <G}m#  
U,d2DAvt  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 ++gPv}:$X  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: m&ZJqsZIL  
a. there be 句型 %0 qc@4  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 /rOnm=P+Q  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 YpiRF+G  
flPZlL  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. WQTendS  
   A     B      C    D    ID+,[TM`  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is +O,V6XRr  
P2|}*h5(  
do*Wx2: R  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific 37~rm  
             A     B    EO"=\C,  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 z 3Zu C{  
     C         Y'?Izn b  
  miles in width. \2(MpB\_6!  
     D  U:J /\-  
分析:倒装句,are改为is I? A~zigO  
RlPjki"Mg  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and z=u~]:.1O  
   A    B       C         *P&OxVz  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film Cx$9#3\  
                    D 3HXh6( e  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. }1l}-w`F  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 w"yK\OE  
So0 `c,D  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 4;08n|C  
fifty percent of + 名词 u|(aS^H=q  
one percent of + 名词 cPx66Dh&  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: oC5gME"2  
  one percent of my students + are VOD1xWrb  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. GcPB'`!M  
gGF$M `  
这里要强调两个结构 ?SB h^/zf  
half of =fifty percent D "JMSL4r  
most of + 可数名词 + are BASO$?jf4  
most of + 不可数名词+ is Ufyxw5u5F  
ER0TY,  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been Z`e$~n(Bh  
   A       B         C   T[`QO`\5O  
  found in central and eastern Canada. ;""-[4C  
           D *C,$W\6sz  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 {6REfY c  
P1M|f4*  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized (\5<GCW-  
                 A   B  1',+&2)oj  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. bvt-leA=  
              C     D "Wzij&WkQ  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 T#ecLD#  
e!O &~#'h}  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 X7(rg W8  
①、主要考察时间状语 ?etj.\q6  
$\=6."R5<  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. J~PTVR  
   A        B  C     D NpjsZcA  
G>?x-!9qcH  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was  ?Vb=4B{~  
D(W7O>5vQ2  
"'LOaf$X  
②、For和since的区别 2l;ge>D J  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 CVn;RF6  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 pw(*X,gj  
  I has been a teacher for three years. Tg}H < T  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. aG8;,H=%,  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 o F,R@f  
W"DxIy  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became lVO(9sl*i  
   A      B              6'X.[0M  
  the primary responsibility of the president. k/6G j}l'o  
     C    D n,R[O_9u[  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 s2 t-T0;  
2R~=@  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of Z2Y583D  
             A  B  C   c"_H%x<[  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. E,nYtn|B  
            D _a:!U^4  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 F'T= Alf  
7Ohu$5\  
]f+D& qZ B  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  W.7d{ @n  
   A       B        C     D ~N+/ZVo&y  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live Ag hj)V  
_yXeX   
(三) 谓语的语态 `'{%szmD  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 .$T:n[@  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: /A`zy  
①、prove pOe`*2[  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 D -\'P31  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; [Z`:1_^0}  
dzC&7 9$  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming B7QtB3bn  
                      A   F7PZV+\  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be 8f`b=r(a>  
    B                  C )@&?i.  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. 2wim P8  
                  D R S_lQ{'  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 R@{/ $p:  
=D:R'0YH  
WoT z'  
②、Locate,Situate IgnY* 2FT  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 ur quVb  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 b5,}w:  
这两个词也可以用作被动 g(F*Y> hk  
  My school was located near the river. .mU.eLM  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 rH_:7#.E  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. ;{C{V{  
   (A)locates vCe<-k  
   (B)locating ~0$F V  
   (C)to locate qc4 "0Ap'  
   (D)is located >+LgJo R  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 7 QJcRZ[lU  
uM6!RR!~  
③、表示需要概念的动词 KO;61y:  
need, want, require等 )h!l%72  
QKk r~?sTO  
My watch needed repairing L/+J|_J)  
My watch needed to be repaired. J7] 60H#P  
Y,"MQFr(o  
④、表示人的情感的动词 ) CTM  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 g>-[-z$E3  
r/<JY5  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 UN4) >\Y  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 %4KJ&R (>[  
3^UsyZS)  
主动和被动技巧总结: e[dRHl  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 vj$  6  
RUtS_Z&  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the pREY AZh  
                 A      OYy !4Fp  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, 3 pH` ]m2  
                 B OIT;fKl9  
  power structures, and flood-control works along 4^^rOi0  
                    C lM%fgyX  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. X1dG'PQ  
                D ,LO-!\L  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 l!` 0I] }  
~l6Y <-!  
四、非谓语动词 r2'rf pQ  
T$;XJx  
(一) 分词 =lD]sk  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 0M98y!A 5^  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 0Wm-` ZA  
gXJ^o;R>M  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then ptQ (7N  
   A LTct0Gh  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. /vMyf),2  
     B      C            D @E;pT3; )  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning .Tv(1HAc2l  
#Q 7$I.O]  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 L{pg?#\yC  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in s+- aHn  
      A               B   <DS6-y  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. %T\x~)  
               C         D %Ege^4PE  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living ,ua1xsZl&  
W F<V2o{k  
<LN$[&f#  
一些动词后面必须用doing {Z.@-Tl_  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 ^ ni_%`Ag  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, &J:)*EjVl5  
 advocate, suggest jF9CTL<  
 delay, quit "cM5=;  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, y@_?3m7B=  
 avoid, escape(逃避) [CX?Tt  
 spend+名词+doing; Sw'?$j^3  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing GY xI$y0:  
2Zip8f!  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their IIiN1 Lu,5  
   A     B    C              D cU|jT8Q4H  
  crops. a*y mBGF  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 ypo=y/!  
GJPZ[bo  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, c\MDOD%9  
               A        B 5&= n  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.  ?Nql7F4  
        C          D wkA!Jv%  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing Dj(7'jT  
1s[-2^D+EM  
(二) 不定式 W=]",<  
A. 动词不定式的省略 k|'Mh0G0  
①、help后面可以省略to ,5*xE\9G  
  help to do 5T#D5Z<m  
  help sb. to do UROi.976D  
i]%"s_l  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid [d>yo_iB  
              A      B   \zL 7 j 4  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. |9Ks13?Ck  
         C     D ABmDSV5i  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 B?Sfcq-  
-GVG1#5  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 ld:alEo  
  make, ~(^* ?(Z  
  let, ;Jn0e:x`E  
  have sb. do sth h21(K}  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. 7P^{*!  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians fB,1s}3Hn  
        A               B ,xD*^>!  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. ^H6d; n  
   C     D O| 6\g>ew  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know BI.k On=  
'S4EKV]  
③、感官动词 RR"W O  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe %i -X@.P  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 6 #x)W  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 2*q: ^  
;(0(8G  
%*6oUb  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 ^&';\O@)  
(1)表示第一人 .4C[D{4  
the first woman to do sth. !Xx<~l IC  
E?gu(\an@  
(2)表示迫使的动词 kuj1 2  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do k4F"UG-`  
DR yESi  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis k# Ez  
     A                 B    (4 /]dTb  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. q 5v?`c  
       C           D :m++ iR  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 i+X2M-[Ls  
1ntkM?  
L;--d`[  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 U%^eIXV|  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 R7B,Q(q2-  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 ;N$0)2w  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 W`Q$t56  
  be apt to do };"+ O  
Wm$`ae   
(4)表示目的的名词, =CKuiO.j  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 77xq/c[)  
固定的句式: KM/U?`6>:  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. ljYpMv.>xG  
the objective 目标 &SjHrOG?  
aim dSe8vA!)  
goal 1tc]rC4h  
reason理由 QY~<~<d+G  
function功能 P.LuF(?$  
intension意图 `dv}a-Q)c  
&o*s !u  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing %@lV- (5q  
                       A  ~!]&>n;=G  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. *L%6qxl`V  
           B          C     D ?$|uT  
分析:the function to provide, A错 N5 SLF4R1  
w4e%-Ln  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure eyeNrk*2o  
                  A       pk-yj~F}  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds 4F05(R8k  
     B  jM5_8nS&d  
  that make up various components of a living cell. .FIt.XPzv  
    C    D {&2$[g=[ ^  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 RAIVdQ}.Z  
]y3pE}R  
(5) 其他同根名词 Guk.,}9  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 YfE>Pn'r  
 attempt to do 企图 QS3U)ZO$@  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 }JRP,YNh  
 ambition, p"Ot5!F >  
 be ambitious to do  0:Ar| to$m  
 effort 5Z/yhF.{  
)O,wRd>5  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation P DRnW  
  A                    B   Lltc 4Mzw  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. gRBSt M&hU  
          C       D yJ%t^ X_  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 24#bMt#^  
o4$Ott%Wm  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great 6SE6AL<b  
  A                   B   FY$fV"s  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. XMGx ^mn  
       C            D Bd{4Ae\_+g  
分析:efforts to register, C错 #Mh{<gk%ax  
/ /'Tck  
OFA{ KZga  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 ~ |6dH  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 _2b9QP p  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. dm6~  
+noZ<KFW "  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 jk$86ma!  
I am glad to see you. \#CM <%  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. Y$g}XN*)E  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. -_NC%iN#C  
Y2C9(Zk U  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 Ur^j$B}  
It is difficult to decide. 'B_\TU0 O  
D==Mb~  
$6T 3y8  
五、句子的结构 MM?`voj~`p  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 r [s!F=^  
z>;$im   
(一) 主语的重复 mffIf1f  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 (DDyK[t+VX  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any w(j^ccPD  
          A      B      y:d{jG^  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the F[saP0 *  
          C          D ]u#JuX  
  League of Nations. 09S6#;N&  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 B@O@1?c[  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson A5fwAB  
 )zq.4  
<YFY{VC(  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are Vw#{C>  
        A        B  {_#yz\j  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. Kmz7c|  
    C         D \*0yaSQF  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 C`V)VJM  
% UZVb V  
(二)谓语的重复 VR5fqf|*  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 i)ASsYG!  
pV(lhDNoQ  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  ' GG=Ebt  
    A            B    HKO739&n}  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. fP HLXg5s  
         C   D  {@Y  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 ?!VIS>C(  
q<#>HjC  
(三)谓语的缺少 =Gk/k}1  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body Xz 4 x  
          A     B    Q@@v1G\  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. <?Wti_ /M  
         C               D 7piuLq+  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 zTbVp8\pI  
hsKmnH@#  
(四)主句的重复 )yK[Zb[  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 clw%B  
$,>@o=)_  
x35cW7R}T_  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite >wHxmq8F5<  
      A         B        C   _ee dBpV  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. 4)>FS'=  
     D fF vF\  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 bI.t <;  
W1B)]IHc  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow ENF"c$R  
        A   B        7R#+Le)  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. jOpcV|2  
      C    D K_?W\Yg   
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 Eodn/  
 Uo12gIX  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided ,#d? _?/:O  
   A                     B  rNjn~c  
  names for towns, only George Washington B+C);WQ,  
      C Ghl'nqPlm  
  is remembered in the name of a state. pD]0`L-HJU  
          D HHX-1+L  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 @';B_iQ  
六、比较级和最高级 "s!7dKXI"  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 @/ZF` :   
+aF}oA&X[  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 3d<HN6&U  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which W^3uEm&l!)  
      A               C 2Xd?d  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. E*L iM5+I  
     B       C           D R4ht6Vm3g)  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 (b'B%rFO  
bAKiq}xG%i  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 :qChMU|Y6  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. yQ#:J9HMJ  
     A      B     C  D yG Wnod'  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 f2,jh}4  
s w39\urf  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere N3u((y/  
     A       B     C   D 6#IU*  
  is the grizzly bear. ui (^k $  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 rQ7+q;[J  
hXqD< ?  
D#&q&6P{  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 BD`2l!d  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 pp7$J2s+j  
C@jJ.^ <<  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with x3PD1JUf  
   A           B  S[7WW$lF  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. P(t[ eXe  
   C                 D 4lBU#V7  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 =m5SK5vLKT  
Nbp!teH6  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 1KjU ] r2  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as 271&i  
C+|b1/N-  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 }#X8@  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 5 Kkdo!z  
the taller boy lkBdl#]9  
/% kY0 LY  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 +|tC'gCnV  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed =+AS/J q  
          A            B Uh][@35 p  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is _cu:aktf2  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. "_`F\DGAZu  
    C          D cq$i  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they J_FNAdQt  
);FJx~b  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 _)\c&.p]f  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, %JLk$sP9y`  
  A  B         C     HeG)/W?r  
  the Navajos form largest group. {#{DH?=^)u  
         D X$yN_7|+  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 e6!LSx}y  
yV"ZRrjO'Z  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, s&NX@  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language n/h,Lr)Z  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the HQB( *  
qM.bF&&Go  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many _%GG l$kH  
            A      B         C i@4~.iZ8  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. IV)<5'v  
            D LGl2$#x  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 AhNq/?Q Q~  
4fKC6UR  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the RoyPrO [3  
例如:my best friends 39=1f 6I1  
$ >EYhLBa  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial a AB`G3  
            A    B     C q#8 [  
  and banking center. $5*WLG&AK  
        D rSJ9 v :  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 3.qTLga|}  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 3%E74 mOcD  
tuhA 9}E  
nI*v820,  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary sxt-Vs7+6  
                 A         QPfc(Z  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. ph-ATJ"  
    B   C     D QI3Nc8t_2  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 iURk= *Z=  
R>(@Z M&  
七、平行结构 sUU{fNC6|  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 z d-Tv`L#  
Sx8OhUyux  
d{E}6)1=  
(一) 对等连接词 (owrdPT!  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 &Y^WP?HS  
单一式: and, or ,but N+y&,N,  
相关式: both…and, not … but, gR}35:$Z-  
     either …or, neither…nor Xt'sQ}  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as sn?]n~z  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, H[=' ~%D  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also r!{LLc}>  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, %Pqf{*d8  
J|w)&bV  
短语式: as well as MC { 2X  
     rather than (而不是) )u qA(R>  
     other than (除…之外) xQp|;oW;z  
     instead of (代替) ^*fxR]Y  
C(K; zo*S(  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 Yp: KI7  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  $]rj73p^tH  
       A     B   I y6$7~  
  but he is now living in Detroit. g{P%s'%*  
       C   D `Ps:d^8*P  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 5=1^T@~#&  
wWp(yvz  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics ^'ryNa;"  
       A         B e~"fn*"  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford O1`9Y}G(r  
  remained active in city and regional planning. kn/Ao}J74z  
          C    D  fks)+L'  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 vC5n[0  
(二)平行的内容 |eWjYGwJa  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 ;IpT} ,  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of k{<,\J  
             A         B   oy;K_ 9\  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, >|Cw\^  
         C            D yZWoN&  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. Ii:>xuF&  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 U. @*`Fg  
=Z+nX0qF  
y7|P-3[ 4w  
第二、名词单复数的平行 1DA1N<'  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 kMsnW}Nu  
_Um d  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail,  <Tot|R;  
  A     B          C   _H^^y$+1  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. L-9~uM3@\  
                 D   x+G0J8cW  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 "rAY.E]  
s<]&*e&}?  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, .uEPnzi  
                   A         B 1c@} C+F+  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. . ]8E7  
      C          D >~\89E 02  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have v<9&B94z  
1LY8Ma]E  
第三、时态的平行 -`Y :~q1  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated wI5Yn h  
                A     ~j'l.gQb  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops 9TAj) {U%'  
                   B ')N{wSM9Ft  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. zW8*EE+,  
          C    D +B|7p9qy  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 Cb:gH}j  
|0z;K:5s  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- >5 b/or  
  spread from its home in Central America and e2-Dq]p  
  now grows throughout the tropics. 1J? dK|% b  
   (A) to be    (B) it   dC<LDxlv  
   (C) the     (D) its fKtV '/X;Q  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? .O0O-VD+a  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow b|5w]<?'  
z* <y5  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- ?U7) XvQ  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. >b .^kc  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised j!z-)p8hy  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised g-vg6@6  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 voe7l+Xk  
1=2^90  
第四、排列位置的平行 >`jU`bR@  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. .C]cK%OO N  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode B%\gkl  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  q*)+K9LRk  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes FP"$tt(  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes +2C?9:bH  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 Pgp {$ID  
/( 6|{B  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: +'oX  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 O''y>N9  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 TQ9D68 ,  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 #:ns64|  
xeTgV&$@  
八、词序的颠倒 P(omfD4  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 34|a:5c  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 Me:{{-V4  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage z"F*\xa  
              A    B        <Mf*l)%*  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. DHfB@/ q#  
      C       D    %3Bpn=k>  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 _`a&9i &  
K3p@$3hQ  
[B6DC`M  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 s\0Ko1  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only G{c#\?12C  
          A      B     S_8r\B[>P  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. =l`OHTg  
    C         D ehOs9b  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 $3\yf?m}q  
%<}=xJf>1  
A 0#Y, 1  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 &:!ij  
HZ\k-!2  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were AQ@v>wr}  
          A   B     C   S;}qLjT  
  in what is now the United States. eF1.VLI  
    D u7muaSy  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 V.,bwPb{9  
sx-F8:Qa  
所有的系动词分为三大类: u33zceE8  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, *g$agyOfh  
    is, remain, keep, stay, 6_ ]8\n  
    lie, exit(表示位于) l;5`0N?QO  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 CZfE |T~  
    become, turn, grow, -kc(u1!  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) kJeu40o N  
1(pjVz&  
第三种,感官动词 ._ih$=   
    seem(好像是) acP ;(t  
    look(看起来好像是) J=P;W2L  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste 5U;nhDmM  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 ^yD"d =z  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe y&3T Q]f\  
    A               B     kDg{ >mf  
   to cause numerous deaths. H8<m9zDvl  
        C   D  776 nWw)  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 .f+9 A>  
aulaX/'-_  
九、词性的混用 o6/Rx#A  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 9Yd-m  
SCI1bMf  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 RAdvIIQp:  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; SUo^c1)G  
:( +]b  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high | [p68v>  
          A        B      Sr-|,\/O  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and )< l\jfx e  
              C N JXa_&_  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. QZ?O;K1|y  
          D .Dc28F~t  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) 4Fh&V{`W  
KU*`f{|  
aX:#'eDB  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 `!]R!T@C  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 r(pwOOx  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds ^}>zYt  
         A       B      C{DlcZ<  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to OTnu{<.a  
          C        U.HoFf+HN  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. sg+ZQDF{x  
            D m*\B2\2gJ  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 a|8| @,  
U? {'n#n 5  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, jB5>y&+  
            A       y{@P 1{  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of ~8XX3+]z:X  
      B      C vsu@PuqH  
   urban Black people in the United States. cBg,k[,  
   D dDsjPM;2  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 MMd0O X)P  
Uc_'3|e  
;% /6Y~/  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 aQl?d<|+lk  
表示时间有两种可能, L 2[Ei|9_  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 PN1(j|  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, = 4BLc  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 l,imT$u  
YRg=yVo 2  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence L4\SB O  
       A     B     } l:mN  
  were made while the American Civil War. 3g?MEM~  
   C    D Kj~>&WU  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 +O;OSZ  
ZcUh[5:|  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the P@gu~!  
   A      B           C    m1^dT_7Z  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. t!J";l  
          D wQF&GGY R  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 n;-x!Gs  
 ""25ay  
-IpV'%nX;  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 #Pb7EL#c  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 W+#}~2&Dv  
U6/m_`nc  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social 9pVf2|5hj  
                   A     r6O7&Me<  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. /7UovKKbz  
     B   C    D ~)! V8  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 t7U,AQ=;P5  
NDs]}5#   
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples *tq|x[<  
   A        B   C      OH-~  
  easily under the stress of compression. 6nY )D6$JG  
   D H#1*'e>  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 >6.[i@RmWU  
zVc7q7E  
V'HlAQr  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 (/9.+V_  
a0V8 L+v(  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine  rvwl  
    A         B l ))~&  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. j(@g   
          C            D K-"HcHuF  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 {.' ,%)  
/QV. U.>G  
JEm?26n X  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, XoH[MJC  
         A 0?5%  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. :YRzI(4J  
   B      C      D J1c& "Oh  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 V\rIN}7  
`:bvuc(  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 z`xz~9a<  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; 02J6Pn3  
two hundred diligent students
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