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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点 Gi7RMql6Q  
一、代词 PW)aLycPK  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 *%A}x   
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 m ,tXE%l  
  主格、宾格、所有格 L`3n2DEBf  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) ([LIjaoi  
Jqfm@Y  
(二) 反身代词 OJ,m1{9$}  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 9l !S9d  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) #n7Yr,|Z  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) 5H !y46z  
4#BRx#\O  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  d2jr8U  
    A                 B    "H+,E_&(  
  a series of indicators that could help PT_KXk  
             C      Y(VO.fVJK  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. "wM1qX  
    D S`= WF^  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 )K0i@hM(n  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 APSgnf  
dULS^i@@  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 f8n V=AQ  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 <hvRP!~<)  
5Ec/(-F  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies ?<%=: Yh  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the i[nF.I5*f  
     A   B      C          D !1Y&Y@ze  
  Pacific. Poy^RpnX  
Hfc"L>  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 46x.i;b7  
wij,N(,H  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 MDO$m g  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: 'Pd(\$ZY  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 nzsl@1s  
w# y2_  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined "v]%3i.* -  
                       A   |+f-h,  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and t~p y=\  
             B 2}WDw>V  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. 0Y+FRB ]u  
   C       D `=)2<Ca;~@  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 4g` jd  
AR&:Q4r|  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important -1%OlKC  
        A     )b4$A:  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John > s EjR!  
   B        C      #bnb ': f  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  #5ax^p2*~  
      D D]03eu  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. kdrod[S  
*VeW?mY,P  
p<GR SJIk=  
(四) Who和which的区别 F2I 5q C/  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 PGn);Baq  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 PX O!t]*  
JgfVRqm   
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who %j,iAUE<  
              A            B Wr~yK? : ]  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. $W 8Cf[a  
   C                  D p3951-D  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 :' #\  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 8/%6@Y"Y*  
B|Wk?w.{r\  
(五) that和which的区别 8 ;g Xg  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 Q(7ob}+jQ  
M!m?#xz'c  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it X"asfA[6K  
              A        B wEft4 o  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. Z9`TwS@x[  
      C              D \1%l^dE@  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 *s4\\Wb=  
*<4Em{rZ5  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 A&5:ATQ/|  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, q1VH5'p@  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when PA;6$vqX  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. ;\;M =&{}  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which 1eS_ nLFw~  
D1s4`V -  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly is^pgKX  
              A         B   l{c]p-  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. ]88];?KS}  
         C      D v;1F[?@3Y  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 _banp0ywS  
d4?d4;{  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  `\u;K9S6  
  affected the way people in the United States----. E-5_{sc  
   (A) living and working sJx+8 -  
   (B) they live and work m^~S  
   (C) live and work >g ll-&;t  
   (D) to live and to work %(/!ljh_  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 |R/.r_x,V?  
=:,xxqy  
二、介词 TJ8E"t*)  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 >O9o,o/6R  
<bck~E  
(一) 介词搭配 BKa- k!  
G$zL)R8GE|  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those "[p@tc?5  
    A         B   C      v60^4K>  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. J<gJc*Q  
                D xda; K~w  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 s pLZ2]A  
nP~({ :l8X  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. <WXzh5D2  
A       B     C  D zOEY6lAwI  
分析:B错改为be rich in cH-@V<  
#eU.p&Zc  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the X1[CX&Am  
    A         B      C Ee1LO#^_6  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. }),w1/#5u8  
             D VN0mDh?E  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 TvNY:m6.%  
f"7M^1)h2%  
wi8Yl1p]!z  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 Uw-p758dD  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 @`-[;?>  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. 133I.XBU  
          A      B  C     D !|2VWI}  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 S~qZr  
<]C$xp<2  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has #QvMVy  
                 A  B     I fO;S*Qt  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on zPEg  
      C !$A37j6  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. jNwjK0?  
      D 9p$V)qdX  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 ES<1tG  
FZd.L6q  
2、介词by _$< Gyz*  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by >Sa*`q3J  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing `< ^VR[Mx  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States nfb]VN~(  
    A         B       ,3v+PIcMM+  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. ?EMK8;  
   C     D JJV0R}z?TV  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 A>VI{  
~/_9P Fk  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils %zC[KE*~  
   A                      ZaFb*XRgS  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to Zn:R PMk*  
     B    C       D l=`L7| ^/d  
   supply moccasins and field rations. !.7udYmB  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 8pM >Co!  
DPe]daF  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with CZ 2`H[8  
        A                U]qav,^[  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements (-7ZI"Ku  
        B          C   TAL/a*7\  
  that are often represented at symbols. P7r'ffA  
              D qv 3^5 d  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 N;F)jO xsl  
三、谓语动词 y$ Zj?Dd#  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 CR4rDh8za  
①、主谓分割原则 "re-@Baw  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, +5<k-0v  
     A     { PlK@#UN  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. Ue5O9;y]u  
        B      C      D /rB{[zk  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 J}spiVM  
E ?2O(   
②、与后者一致原则 !}TMiCK  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, p?(L'q"WK  
not only…but also .W\ve>;  
z,;;=V6 j  
~yJ4qp-  
③、与前者一致原则 t *6loS0+  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, ux2013 C_  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 |fsm8t<~8  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and UgHf*m  
     A      B  C     ?v]-^X=&  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. 3 &&+Y X  
         D c|p,/L09L  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is (ClhbfzD  
s PYX~G&T  
④、就近原则 I8m:3fL"  
or, either…or, neither…nor, % n$^-Vc&  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are <)m%*9{  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is B:oF;~d/,  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 M8W#io  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 x/TGp?\g  
SBKeb|H8  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are TYS\95<  
        A      B        cf8-]G?tK  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. /lD?VE  
    C              D )qM|3],  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 2hOPzv&B  
<! x+e E`  
⑤定语从句主语就近原则 BA+_ C]%ZJ  
There are five apples that are red. 1M5 -pZ[D  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 F|eu<^"$ H  
6 DP[g8  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets 3 ]}'TA`v  
      A            &TT":FPR  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. !oMt_k X  
   B   C    D "EPD2,%S  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 vA?_-.J  
TbNGgjT  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 'DAltr<  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. km>o7V&4G  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 *SZ>upg  
"{F;M{h$},  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 3%IWGmye4  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: |=3 *;}  
a. there be 句型 G[6=u|(M  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 <xF?~7  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 3 jh|y,  
!#.vyBK#  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. M[,^KJ!  
   A     B      C    D    d| \#?W&  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is +{ab1))/  
-A@U0=o  
vs*I7<  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific $K=z  
             A     B    X,53c$  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 ?M<|r11}  
     C         (QhAGk&lu  
  miles in width. 73#9NZ R  
     D  sp,(&Y]US  
分析:倒装句,are改为is lMPbLF%_  
<v-92?  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and 2X +7b M  
   A    B       C         _4S7wOq5  
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film <m9JXO:5  
                    D x KisL=l6Y  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. akY6D]M  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 3pzOt&T|w  
0$(jBnE  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 p@`4 Qz  
fifty percent of + 名词 $jDD0<F.#  
one percent of + 名词 >EyvdX#v  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: ]*;RHy9  
  one percent of my students + are W>UjUq);  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. qRWJ-T:!F  
FkLQBpp(x  
这里要强调两个结构 uV#-8a5!  
half of =fifty percent Cf.WO%?P  
most of + 可数名词 + are UX+?0K  
most of + 不可数名词+ is /<G yg7o0  
=2Pz$q*ub  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been 8yNRx iW:  
   A       B         C   }C9VTJs|  
  found in central and eastern Canada. /6?tgr  
           D 2*b# +b  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 sf=%l10Fk#  
#h}IUR  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized =+kvL2nx-  
                 A   B  +^o3}`  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. {3_F fsg`  
              C     D #w[q.+A  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 T= iZ9w  
W,L>'$#pM  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 W_Ws3L1;N  
①、主要考察时间状语 Vf#oKPP1  
?kG#qt]Q5  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. {g23[$X]N  
   A        B  C     D "m<eHz]D  
3<Pyr-z h  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was 8=u+BDG  
-X6\[I:+A  
HquB*=^xh  
②、For和since的区别 O_%PBgcJr  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 SFXfo1dqH  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 <LOx.}fv  
  I has been a teacher for three years. dcc%G7w  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. 6#lC(ko'  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 A(!ZZ9 Wc  
Ke;X3j ]`  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became ~*Sbn~U  
   A      B              &xMJ^Nv  
  the primary responsibility of the president.  h(N 9RJ}  
     C    D z)?#U dBQv  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 ~jCpL@rS  
^: r Noo  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of ?H86Wbz  
             A  B  C   &s}@7htE  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. GVHfN5bTqn  
            D 4>wIF}\  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 Pk?%PB ?Z  
:Kc0ak)<n  
("M#R!3  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  D` `NQ`>A  
   A       B        C     D mEc;-b f  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live i,b7Ft:F&  
 '?>O  
(三) 谓语的语态 Y" +1,?yH  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 dK(%u9v  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: $^D(%  
①、prove }ok nB  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 huD\dmQ:]  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; WQmiG=Dw^  
[tf^i:2  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming wj5s5dH  
                      A   3 !w>"h0(  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be f(MHU   
    B                  C 714nUA872  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. M|kDys  
                  D AdS_-Cm  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 pC. 4AkEO  
dv}R]f'  
JP*wi-8D  
②、Locate,Situate <21^{ yt1  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 Gz5@1CF  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 2Xs< 1rF  
这两个词也可以用作被动 >#n-4NZ;p9  
  My school was located near the river. &r%^wfp  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 n ZZQxV,  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. ^52R`{  
   (A)locates oOSyOD  
   (B)locating N^`Efpvg  
   (C)to locate x&b-Na3Xi  
   (D)is located DOU?e9I2  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 -^Va]Lk  
RtQfE+  
③、表示需要概念的动词 G"sc;nT  
need, want, require等 E?o8 'r  
h!%`odl%  
My watch needed repairing Gw,kC{:C  
My watch needed to be repaired. ^P`'qfZ  
(2)9TpE;  
④、表示人的情感的动词 YZ P  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 :?W:'% (`[  
9DE)5/c`v  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 zKT<Q M!`  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 4;{CR. D  
t4uxon  
主动和被动技巧总结: A*;h}\n  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 "ET"dMxU  
aa]v7d  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the 1!#ZEI C  
                 A      \ziF(xTvqG  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, CB)#; |aDB  
                 B S Bt: `,  
  power structures, and flood-control works along 0l*/_;wo  
                    C VUy 1?n  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. =h{2!Ah7 X  
                D AQZ\Kcr  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 =Y0m;-1M  
s#3{c@^3  
四、非谓语动词 cPSu!u}D  
<Jz>e}*)  
(一) 分词 I%`2RXBt3^  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 lvlH5Fc  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 :nt%z0_  
HS7!O  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then XijQ)}'C3  
   A IcZ'KV  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. j06DP _9M  
     B      C            D g@L4G?hLn  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning bvG Vfr "  
]F~5l?4u#  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 IP3-lru  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in %j,Ny}a   
      A               B   <~3 a aO  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. V-31x)  
               C         D 8"@<s?0\"  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living vR,'':  
{D@y-K5  
2a^(8A`7W  
一些动词后面必须用doing 8Xr3q eh+  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 I4hr5M3  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, AYi$LsLhO  
 advocate, suggest +38t82%YWo  
 delay, quit JjwuxZVr O  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, X}ZOjX!  
 avoid, escape(逃避) -'nx7wnj2  
 spend+名词+doing; @ZVc!5J_,  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing H|^4e   
\bg^E>-  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their 2#R"#Q!  
   A     B    C              D @EQ{lGpU3  
  crops. &`9lIVB,K  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 4 qnQF]4  
4ldN0 _T5  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, vH=I#Ajar  
               A        B qUo(hbp  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. pSAXp# g  
        C          D CI,-q i  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing ka5>9E  
B)(A#&nrb  
(二) 不定式 s)C.e# xl  
A. 动词不定式的省略 ."lY>(HJ  
①、help后面可以省略to V}(%2W5X+  
  help to do <sTa Xaq?  
  help sb. to do ' Sl9xd  
G6 GXC`^+  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid cx02b-O  
              A      B   d ] [E;$  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. 0t9G $23  
         C     D `R^)< v*  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 w#o<qrpHf  
1 4|S^UM$  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 z`BRz&  
  make, P }PSS#nn  
  let, ]s<Q-/X  
  have sb. do sth ;[|x5o /<  
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. ~r{Nc j  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians F'"-4YV>&  
        A               B ?=\h/C  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. #3qkG)  
   C     D ^EB}e15"  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know O[ N{&\$  
h+vKai  
③、感官动词 Wima=xYe\5  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe  u2DsjaL  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 $1w8GI\J  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 8]0R[kjD  
C[ [z3tn  
`a<G7  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 `]fY9ZDKs  
(1)表示第一人 NE/3aU  
the first woman to do sth. ((H}d?^AJ  
`T}e3l  
(2)表示迫使的动词 6-<r@{m$  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do xOS4J+'s@  
"F0,S~tZZ  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis ql],Wplg  
     A                 B    0C0iAp  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. ~(Fy GB}  
       C           D W~gFY#w  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 qG~O] ($  
4Jht{#IIG  
{X8F4  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 2<<,aL*  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 IUI >/87u  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 F%L^k.y$  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 Y]ZOvA5W  
  be apt to do cl^tX%  
ij%\ld9kd  
(4)表示目的的名词, \u:xDS(  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 ba|~B8rII[  
固定的句式: :Bda]]Y=  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. O[Nc$dc  
the objective 目标 [O9(sWL'  
aim lshO'I+)*  
goal ~E#>2Mh  
reason理由 pX|\J>u)  
function功能 .#Z}}W#  
intension意图 J*qepq`_  
IZniRd;  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing ;?bRRW  
                       A  r(0I>|u  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. $]!uX&  
           B          C     D .}%$l.#a  
分析:the function to provide, A错 d8/lEm v[  
:>;-uve8'  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure >J |I  
                  A       &YDb/{|CIC  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds y2o?a6`  
     B  ~`u?|+*BO  
  that make up various components of a living cell. e#) }.   
    C    D {>pB  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 45W:b/n\  
\bZbz/+D  
(5) 其他同根名词 Y[X5S{H`wj  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 4cTJ$" v  
 attempt to do 企图 Z#3wMK~  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 f @Hp,-  
 ambition, rX{QgyY&  
 be ambitious to do  sbQmPV  
 effort 1Hy  
Cx} Yp-  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation 69`9!heu  
  A                    B   Z: &"Ax  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. GKZn|<Y|{c  
          C       D <YUc?NF  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 {(7Dz*0  
BB1'B-O  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great jcYI"f"~  
  A                   B   rM2?"  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.  i('z~  
       C            D VjMd&>G  
分析:efforts to register, C错 tV[?WA[xt  
C' o4Su#  
+)qPUKb?  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 6aX m9 J  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 s3uT:Xw3rW  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. a^)7&|$ E  
Njc3X@4=  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 &dbX>u q  
I am glad to see you. |2 g }i\  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. 2j=3i@  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. j0kEi+!TVq  
A:cc @ku  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 Q5Y4@  
It is difficult to decide. ceH7Rq:4W  
SdnqM`uFo  
z=?ainnKx  
五、句子的结构 ^NHQ[4I  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 }]=b%CPJh+  
ZT"?W $  
(一) 主语的重复 K%2,z3ps  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 v\n!Li H  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any h:a5FK@  
          A      B      {pd%I  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the 96}/;e]@  
          C          D uQ5NN*C=  
  League of Nations. xZGR<+t  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 {|%5}\%  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson G?<L{J2"Q  
}x~|XbG  
m- , '  
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are :M1+[FT  
        A        B  9oKRu6]D-  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. X H{5E4P  
    C         D _YmY y\g  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 ~AjbF(Ad  
B&-;w_K  
(二)谓语的重复 4) /tCv  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 I".d>]16|  
|n01T_Z)P  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  :bLGDEC  
    A            B    Nf<([8v;t  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. I/XVo2Ee  
         C   D 'ZL)-kbI  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 :L*CL 8m  
,i>5\Yl%  
(三)谓语的缺少 hh:0m\@<  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body B quyPG"  
          A     B    vJl4.nk  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. axXA y5  
         C               D 34s:|w6y  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 N{|N_}X`Y  
NFmB ^@k  
(四)主句的重复 dXrv  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 v,Ep2$  
Ms{v;fT  
`S$BBF;  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite R^%7 |  
      A         B        C   89'nbg  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. ;<ed1%Le,  
     D =]Qu"nRB  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 Ji%T|KR_  
`P : -a7_  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow }1X,~y]  
        A   B       6 `X#<#_&  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. )|Y"^K%Jm  
      C    D Q8z>0ci3o  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 15Yy&9D  
)9L1WOGi  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided L LaoND6  
   A                     B  S`"IM?  
  names for towns, only George Washington QFDjsd4  
      C D&Ngg)_Mq  
  is remembered in the name of a state. 1wGd5>GDA  
          D >q[Elz=dI  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 d-xKm2sH  
六、比较级和最高级 |l7e*$j  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 ) ,*&rd!  
s)x fTr_$  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 jG{xFz>x  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which _3hCu/BV  
      A               RQ}x7< /{  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. s+Ln>c'|o  
     B       C           D q'q'v S  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 v|QFUa`  
_x UiHX<  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 1cOp"!  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. LdVGFlcXi  
     A      B     C  D YgdoQBQ  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 jVk|(  
P|_?{1eO2  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere Y6^lKw  
     A       B     C   D Tff7SEP  
  is the grizzly bear. <Hm:#<\  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 +apIp(E+  
dpJi5fN  
}wj*^>*  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 .' D+De&y  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 ][wS}~):  
{vA;#6B|  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with :qgdn,Me  
   A           B  Nk}Hvg*(  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. a,&Kvh  
   C                 D K<Ct  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 xH3SVn(I  
T7cT4PAW  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 a-i#?hld  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as /1 n}IRuw  
\UtUP#Y{t  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 HzbO#)Id-I  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 !4.;Ftgjn  
the taller boy ,ISq7*%F  
uz'beE  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 =7Tbu'O;  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed y7,~7f!N2  
          A            B 5\QNGRu"  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is e$F7wto  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. WxO*{`T!  
    C          D T("Fh}  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they O@E&lP6  
BLMcvK\9  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 o2Pj|u*X  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, _}JygOew  
  A  B         C     $RA"NIZ:!  
  the Navajos form largest group. g08=D$P  
         D !lu$WJ{M  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 CB?.| )Xam  
cMK6   
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, 2M1yw "  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language L ~ 1Lv?  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the gVq{g,yi  
MgtyO3GUAD  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many ?hDEFW9&^x  
            A      B         C c+4SGWmO  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. VQo7 se1P  
            D p1Lx\   
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 8q tNK> D  
WtlIrdc  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the '0o`<xW  
例如:my best friends Ap97Zcw  
crhck'?0  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial  /?_{DMt  
            A    B     C YJ75dXc&&  
  and banking center. p>!r[v'  
        D (bT\HW%m  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 -Xd/-,zPY  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 x b_C1n  
 F_I! +  
FlkAo]  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary ]gmf%g'C  
                 A         H-rf?R2  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. m&$H ?yXW>  
    B   C     D G ! 87F/  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 3PJ  
^SjGNg^ 7D  
七、平行结构 s!+?) bB  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 uZQ)A,#n;  
5Y,e}+I>  
=1esUO[nx  
(一) 对等连接词 ~ R*6w($  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 m|-O/6~  
单一式: and, or ,but rzO:9# d  
相关式: both…and, not … but, cJhf{{_oR  
     either …or, neither…nor Z v~ A9bB  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as Ne#nSx5,  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, Ia(A&Za  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also c/hml4  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, MT V'!Zxs  
L~yy;)]W  
短语式: as well as Xajjzl\b  
     rather than (而不是) rSZWmns  
     other than (除…之外) / _cOg? o  
     instead of (代替) 3^fZUldf  
yx}:Sgv%  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 oS`F Yy  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  SS`\,%aog  
       A     B   leD?yyjw7  
  but he is now living in Detroit. T2Vj &EA@  
       C   D bh_ALu^CSX  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 BHK_=2WYz  
V,Gt5lL&/!  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics 1/{:}9Z@  
       A         B KS| $_-7 u  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford ]ny(l#Hu:  
  remained active in city and regional planning. o?X\,}-s  
          C    D  F1+2V"~  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 6-JnT_  
(二)平行的内容 t4<#k=  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 eR}d"F4W  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of uUJ2d84tV  
             A         B   b"zq3$6*  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, >a0;|;hp  
         C            D #uH1!UQb  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. \ l[5U3{  
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 j`#|z9`(pB  
Te.hXCFD  
7O{\^Jz1  
第二、名词单复数的平行 "2; UXX-H  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 7f(UbO@BD  
X%gJ, c(4  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, IGp-`%9  
  A     B          C   G%6wk=IH  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. d82IEhZ#  
                 D   cis ~]x%  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 +I/P5OGRN  
(V+(\<M  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate,  KL|B| u  
                   A         B crm nh4-  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. 6\]-J*e>  
      C          D q=EQDHmh  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have -OziUM1qs  
5Ut0I]h|z  
第三、时态的平行 ~PV>3c3l=  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated u}$U|Cw-;T  
                A     7'<4'BGzl]  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops 8pk5[=3Z  
                   B $4?%Z>'  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. `C=p7 %  
          C    D $iB(N ZV  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 T xN5K`q  
. X Y'l  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- `q/ y|/v<  
  spread from its home in Central America and  ,cB`j7p(  
  now grows throughout the tropics. :@p`E}1r{  
   (A) to be    (B) it   b/G0EcRw+  
   (C) the     (D) its "y`?KY$[N  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? y_nh~&  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow LQS*/s0  
hVID~L$  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- 6?Wsg`9  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. cbIW>IbM  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised DQRt\!  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised ~7k b4[  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 6$z UFIk  
Wl,yznT  
第四、排列位置的平行  Wi|.Z/  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. F%Xq}LMd  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode /q^( uWu  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  k4|YaGhf  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes fpqKa r  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes F8k1fmM]Y  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 f"-?%I*'  
&oR&NKk  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: +uH1rF_&@  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 <;Xj4 J  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 ugL$W@   
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 *s/F 4?*  
@Wv*`  
八、词序的颠倒 ._nhW*  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 ;TR.UUT  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 r+U-l#Q  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage  R` N-^x  
              A    B        &^Xm4r%u_  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. ,,6e }o6  
      C       D    .IgCC_C9  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 h  qxe  
6g!t1%Kb  
P!-9cd1 C,  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 -Z#A }h  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only *l5/q\D  
          A      B     JU~l  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. Z*oGVr g  
    C         D ~UL; O\-b0  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 PsTwJLY   
khyV uWN  
>`t |a  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 x=9drKIw>  
D V C};  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were =WHdy;  
          A   B     C   [t>}M6?R:  
  in what is now the United States. p6sXftk  
    D w%`7,d u|  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 uN'e~X6  
sv =6?uYW  
所有的系动词分为三大类: HD$W\P  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, N U\B  
    is, remain, keep, stay, O$KLQ'0"n  
    lie, exit(表示位于) kJ{X5&,_  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 wOn.m   
    become, turn, grow, Hh,q)(Wo  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) xa??OT`(  
YiB^m   
第三种,感官动词 ([^1gG+>J  
    seem(好像是) #T&''a  
    look(看起来好像是) )}tI8  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste G-~+FnUC  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 up#W"`"  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe X=8y$Yy  
    A               B     :!n_a*.{  
   to cause numerous deaths. ,eW K~ pa  
        C   D  !0i  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 C%vR!Az  
[ RoOc)u  
九、词性的混用 ~+ Mp+gE  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 \oA>%+]5  
EyO=M~nsS  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 ~=67#&(R  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; >k }ea5+  
 qr~P$  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high Tr*3:J }  
          A        B      iHBetkAu  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and D<U^FT  
              C ^hiIMqY_{`  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. 'guXdX]Gu  
          D Vq-W|<7C=  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) g\%;b3"#  
>8M=RE n4  
QP>tu1B|  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 UI2TW)^2  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 3u[m? Vw  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds 7qsu0 .[d  
         A       B      K-,4eq!  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to . ,h>2;f  
          C        ;z2\ Q$  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. yM}~]aQ y  
            D pKZRgA#kN  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 T3wQRn  
2JdzeJb  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, #)r^ZA&E  
            A       DplS\}='s  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of ~ECIL7,  
      B      C S2i*Li  
   urban Black people in the United States. $-=xG&fSz  
   D +$}3=n34)  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 /9pN.E  
tgyW:<iv  
*"nN To  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 Kpg?' !I  
表示时间有两种可能, d88Dyzz  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 `5Bv2 wlIV  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, <Hf3AB;#4  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 I q?n*P$  
hpc&s  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence q4ttmL8  
       A     B     b/{$#[oP`  
  were made while the American Civil War. J!Q #xs  
   C    D 0QP=$X  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 }a !ny  
[uwn\-  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the BG6.,'~7o  
   A      B           C    4_D *xW  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. 8J#xB  
          D H_ a##z  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。  Q 'ZZQ  
O{7rIy  
3:O|p[2)L  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 '>ASr]Q  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 W__Y^\ ~  
1`1jSx5}.  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social ]x).C[^  
                   A     ^*YoNd_kpN  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. `ZZ3!$czR  
     B   C    D NT2XG& $W>  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 :_<&LO]Q  
9_?<T;]"  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples T+x / J]A  
   A        B   C      xQ';$&  
  easily under the stress of compression. #D#kw*c  
   D ePZ Ai"k  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 l- cBN^^  
& kVa*O  
$tF\7.e@  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 tAo$; |  
ps?su`  
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine Wuo:PX'/9  
    A         B 7x77s  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. 5Ok3y|cEx  
          C            D +)bn}L>R l  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 k q]E@tE*3  
u  Fw1%  
*zN~x(0{E  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, 4!OGNr$V@  
         A Xn?.O d(  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. &SPY'GQ!  
   B      C      D 6FJ*eWPC  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 eub}+~_?[  
mR1b.$  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 (]\p'%A)  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; q9p31b3  
two hundred diligent students
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