改错题常考要点 t-EV h~D1p
一、代词 lC{L6&T
代词中主要讲解六个问题 8p,>y(o
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 *`.LA@bHU
主格、宾格、所有格 1ypjyu
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) $i%HDt|
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(二) 反身代词 sL
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当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 -x?Hj/
He killed himself. (他自杀了) .b~OMTHuvM
He killed him. (他杀了他) ?o>6S
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating m9I(TOw
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a series of indicators that could help l]>!`'sJL
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themselves to predict earthquakes. .W-=x,`hY4
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 lXw;|dGF
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 3U>S]#5}
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 A` =]RJ
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies Qw}xGlF,
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the iPz1eUj
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Pacific. %qONJP
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 65uZLsQ
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 qPp]K?.
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: +OKA_b"wB
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 xL|?(pQ/BK
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined DCz\T
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the word“normalcy”to express social and NuHL5C?To
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economic conditions they promised the nation. <JG Yr 4V
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 kVy"+ZebK
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important R%Kl&c
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John <?{ SU
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Keats, published the year of her death. >:="?'N5l!
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. Kv(Y }
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(四) Who和which的区别 F
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which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 QSO5 z2|
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 %w;1*~bH
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who `PXoJl
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. Z?.:5#
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 ZYpD8u6U
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 Ke'YM{
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(五) that和which的区别 D_L'x
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介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 O% j,:t'"
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it 0~LnnDN
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. r-Xjy*T
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 4kN:=g
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 5Lo==jHif
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, i1kh@s~8UC
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when &QHA_+88W
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. #d
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way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which Av\0GqF
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly W"DxIy
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. y[Fw>g1`q
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 `OF
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has 2T
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affected the way people in the United States----. iKCTYXN1(
(A) living and working
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(B) they live and work #6#BSZ E
(C) live and work
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(D) to live and to work M`f;-
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 1+y6W1m^R
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二、介词 ;#Bh_f
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 AF{7<v>/P
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(一) 介词搭配 -p]`(S%
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those j,V$vK P
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. #+5mpDh
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 Hi 0df3t
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. B7QtB3bn
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分析:B错改为be rich in 8f`b=r(a>
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the ?;=Y1O7N(
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. ,h(+\^
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 i1H80m s
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 sV4tu(~
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 %<o$
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例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. /8-VC"
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 GP
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has 5x'y{S<
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on gd,%H@3
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. P+|8MT0
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 _o"3gfH&sJ
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2、介词by ?B!ZqJ#
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by ASU\O3%%
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing {mitF
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States 3^UsyZS)
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. nEEGO~e
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 L=FvLii.
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils MW>28
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to ay|{!MkQ
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supply moccasins and field rations. GP'Y!cl
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 28yxX431S
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with -y.AJ~T
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements Q0_W<+`
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that are often represented at symbols. Lc?O K"[m
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 lHqx}n@e
三、谓语动词 VAt9JE;#
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 uJ\Nga<?
①、主谓分割原则 GA}^Rh`T-
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, f|0QN#$
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. oy: MM
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 0&@pX~h:
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②、与后者一致原则
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not…but, 强调but后面的名词, "|SE#k
not only…but also K67 ?
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③、与前者一致原则 G1t
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名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, q2vz#\A?
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 q/79'>`|ai
例:The athlete, together with his coach and RC%r7K f
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. 0
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is _<Yo2,1^
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④、就近原则 qCN7i&k,
or, either…or, neither…nor, ZQA
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单数名词+or+复数名词+are yG$@!*|
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is 4'&BpFDUb
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 38i,\@p`9$
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 I3Xh[% -!
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are ~W{h-z%q
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. x~tQYK
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 t'x:fO?cp
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 Gi4dgMVei
There are five apples that are red. h xJgxM
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 ?Zp!AV
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets ~ O=| v/]
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. V_622~Tc/[
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 $50"3g!Y
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 <>Ddxmw
The rich are not always happier than the poor. JM lhBh
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 &})d%*n
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 \OT)KVwO
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: B
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