改错题常考要点 _Dym{!t
一、代词 fQL"O}Z
代词中主要讲解六个问题 @)
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(一) 掌握代词的几种格 2kdC]|H2?
主格、宾格、所有格 PH?#)lD
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) B*4}GPQ
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(二) 反身代词 u}!@ ,/)
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 S/Fkw4%
He killed himself. (他自杀了) 8<.C3m
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He killed him. (他杀了他) e&>;*$)
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating R
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a series of indicators that could help A|L 8P
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themselves to predict earthquakes. Hir Fl
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 TjQvAkT
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 io#&o;M<
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 ~zSCg|"r
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 %^1cyk
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies &v"3*.org@
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the PH>
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Pacific. 2gzou|Y
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 *^RmjW1I
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 "Kc>dJ@W
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: wKi^C8Z2
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 I! > \#K
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined HAv{R!*
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the word“normalcy”to express social and NvHJ3> "%
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economic conditions they promised the nation. ZR$'u%+g'
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 rHf&:~
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important /;tPNp{!dw
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John k51Eyy50(
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Keats, published the year of her death. ?x+Z)`w_
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. v3GwD00
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(四) Who和which的区别 t=*@yQ
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which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 TLd `1Ac
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 ?-tVSRKQ
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who ]c&<zeX,
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 8)kLV_+%
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 _:+
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人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 DAwqo.m
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(五) that和which的区别 ~>0qZ{3J_
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 bsd99-_(4
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it ~+<olss_
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. '+
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 }|B=h
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 BYY RoE[P
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, p'sc0@}_O
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when v+e|o:o#
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. Bm\qxQ
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which \v6M:KR5/
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly mR8W]'gl.L
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. !GW,\y
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 CC;! <km
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has $|$e%
affected the way people in the United States----. r}u%#G+K,
(A) living and working MHL("v(@B
(B) they live and work iq
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(C) live and work C
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(D) to live and to work 5cK@WE:
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 'SLE;_TD
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二、介词 )'Wb&A'
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 ;Qi }{;+
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(一) 介词搭配 BpO9As 1um
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those o2-@o= F
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. {dPgf
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 %Y4e9T".
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. ZX
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分析:B错改为be rich in ,`td@Y
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the BzpP7 ZWV
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. *i$ePVU
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 {bF1\S]2
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 NWmtwS+@
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 Aj"7q
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. ,<ya@Fi{
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 ,[48Mspp
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has ['X[qn
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on h:qHR]
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. p5]_}I`+2
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 )3?rXsSR
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2、介词by PjqeE,5
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by ?{J!#`tfV
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing }VRvsZ
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States lxb 8xY
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. z%"Ai)W/{
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 delf
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils K} x/ BhE+
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to `bP?o
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supply moccasins and field rations. Lx+`<<_dJ
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 IcoowZZ
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with |>utWT]S
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements dtW0\^ .L
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that are often represented at symbols. yq*JdTF
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 `jW4H$D
三、谓语动词 76MsrOv55
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 .uDM_ 34
①、主谓分割原则 1P5LH5
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, =R9*;6?N
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. &z ksRX
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 &7][@v
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②、与后者一致原则 .eTk=i[N-
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, !aeNq82
not only…but also +S0u=u65
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③、与前者一致原则 Bm<^rhJ9
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, J0qXtr%h\
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 5G oK"F0i
例:The athlete, together with his coach and #S*pD?VZ
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. `:3&@.{T(
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is 4@/z
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④、就近原则
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or, either…or, neither…nor, oB}K[3uB:t
单数名词+or+复数名词+are
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如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is /Mx.:.A&$
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 #!1IP~
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 uDI}R]8~
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are <L2GUX36#
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. k!9=
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 MyqiBGTb
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 C|9[Al
There are five apples that are red. '#KA+?@
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 gINwvzW{
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets f~U
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. V*>73I
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 8V,"Id][
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 Oe/73|
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The rich are not always happier than the poor. k"5`
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The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 I7A7X*
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 )CFk`57U
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: J1nXAh)J
a. there be 句型 %Fs*#S
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 i[o&z$JO
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 r^fxyN2V
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例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. )o86lH"z
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is 5<!o{)I
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例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific A J<iM)l|
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 Bjurmo
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miles in width. BT&rp%NO6l
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分析:倒装句,are改为is ~l;yr
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例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and V;M3z9xd
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film VC/R)%@%
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presented on the five-story-tall screen. ?y+\v'3v
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 P}ehNt*($
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⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 SS>:Sw
fifty percent of + 名词 i n[n Aa
one percent of + 名词 [d!Af4
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: FCsyKdM
one percent of my students + are v 1`bDS?*Q
fifty percent of my time is spent on working. O JZ!|J8?
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这里要强调两个结构 7H8GkuO
half of =fifty percent ucIVVT(u
most of + 可数名词 + are 8cYuzt]..
most of + 不可数名词+ is $bF`PGR_
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例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been }w|=c>'_}
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found in central and eastern Canada. KD[)O7hYC
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分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。
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例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized z9OMC$,V
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in the United States are for foods and beverages. tA;ZW2$#
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分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 (
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(二) 谓语动词的时态 A61-AwvF8-
①、主要考察时间状语 0*]<RM
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例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. %o SfL;W7
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分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was Cbf,X[u
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②、For和since的区别 :` !mCW`Q-
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 J[_?>YJ
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 vp9E}ga
I has been a teacher for three years. *<
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I has been a teacher since 1996. 3 `C3+
I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 y|2g"J
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例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became H603L|4
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the primary responsibility of the president. ROI$;B(
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分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 GQc%OQc\
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例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of Yh!\:9@(
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the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. {UjIxV(J
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分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 'XjHB!!hU
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52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. >5YYij5Aj
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自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live ~o\]K
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(三) 谓语的语态 ;R-Q,aCM}
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 X$Qi[=L
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: iS^^Z ZyR
①、prove 6(RqR
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 ` G/QJH{I
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; % w/1Uo24
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例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming Sv[_BP\^h
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to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be 5L'@WB|{4u
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mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. J*kzJ{vwy*
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分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 CX(yrP6;
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②、Locate,Situate GAe_Z(T
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 "VhrsVT
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 [}Yci:P_ +
这两个词也可以用作被动 Q14;G<l-
My school was located near the river. ;C@^wI
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 Ptxc9~k
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. g{.@|;d<p
(A)locates 8c'-eT"
(B)locating :'Kx?Es
(C)to locate m,"tdVo .
(D)is located ;-w PXXR
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 Tp.iRFFkP
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③、表示需要概念的动词 'wHkE/83
need, want, require等 k:yu2dQh
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My watch needed repairing nqW:P$
My watch needed to be repaired. Ol^EQLO
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④、表示人的情感的动词 ?a_q!,8:
move, annoy, surprise, please等 LU=)\U@Q
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He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。 %HS!^j3C%
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 VZ!$'??
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主动和被动技巧总结: kV<)>Gs
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 |}Lgo"cTC
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例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the w#b2iE+Bw
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United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, |
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power structures, and flood-control works along xo+z[OIlF
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the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. a"4 6_>
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分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 K@hUif|([
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四、非谓语动词 xnO
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(一) 分词 m8'
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现在分词和过去分词的区别 ARo5 Ss{
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 ]^<~[QK_C
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例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then A@r,A?(
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struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. 7m:, -xp
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分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning A\Gw+l<h,
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②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 nc)`ISI
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in 7O#>N}|
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the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. Viw3 /K
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分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living CS49M
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一些动词后面必须用doing 9`AQsZ2
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 Pl4d(2
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mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, ;]
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advocate, suggest 2Z~ofrj
delay, quit q`hg@uwA{`
forgive(原谅),tolerate, {YFru6$
avoid, escape(逃避) 4.TG&IQ
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spend+名词+doing; DNPK1e3a{
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing K9R[
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例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their `0D+
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A B C D 6c :$[owC
crops. 0U'r ia:$
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。
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例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, !wgj$5Rw.
A B 0Ko,S(M_
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. l-&f81W
C D 7_RU*U^
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing (_* a4xGF
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(二) 不定式 T(6S~;,Z
A. 动词不定式的省略 Nn$$yUkMX
①、help后面可以省略to -?uwlpm#
help to do x{rt\OT
help sb. to do <YC{q>EMc
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例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid B~^\jRd"
A B -Jhf]
the habits that might shorten the lives. qcK)J/K"
C D =Zj9F1E[i
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 YXvKDw'95
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②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 2dC)%]aLme
make, ?mV[
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let, vjHbg#0 %
have sb. do sth RR"#z'zQ
注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. p'H5yg3h
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians xe5>)\18-
A B ? f%@8%px
to know when to play various parts of a composition. eN/Jb;W
C D S
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分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know 9(m^^
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③、感官动词 8}U/fQ~
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe }RD,JgmV
see sb do sth. 强调过程 }\1V;T
see sb doing sth 正在做某事 3,pRmdC
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B. 动词不定式的固定用法 QII>XJ9
(1)表示第一人 l!`m}$
the first woman to do sth. 9{+B lNZ
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(2)表示迫使的动词 '06[@Cw
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do `AYHCn
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例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis f}o`3v*z
A B >ztv3^w
allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. c: _l+CgeH
C D T@X!vCjf6
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 *`|F?wF
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(3)表示倾向…的形容词 2LXy$[)7
be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 mhh8<BI
be inclined to do倾向于做某事 /I="+
be lieable to do 易于…的 ZE4~r
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be apt to do a:1-n%&F
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(4)表示目的的名词, -fYgTst2
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 7?e*b(vd
固定的句式: }VdohX-
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. |R DPx6!V
the objective 目标 UZ v^3_,qz
aim ,{7Z OzA
goal
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reason理由 u1(`^^Ml
function功能 eA4@)6W P(
intension意图 *e!0ZB3J
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例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing g7rn|<6FI
A `VwZDU~6
large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. w>J|416
B C D #zyEN+
分析:the function to provide, A错 FTsvPLIv"
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例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure Hcq?7_)
A _f8Wa u# "
and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds y}Oc^Fc
B V'K1kYb
that make up various components of a living cell. }vgeQh-G
C D >hQeu1 ~W
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 HN]roS
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(5) 其他同根名词 e3oHe1"hP
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 Z9,-FO{#3-
attempt to do 企图 @(<C {
decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 n** W
ambition, >Z r f}H
be ambitious to do QH7"' u6
effort =bgzl=A`
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例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation )_BQ@5NK
A B cBZ$$$v\#
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. 9K,PT.c
C D .^
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分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 X?whyD)vE@
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例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great )}w2'(!X8
A B j.or:nF
efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. f3PDLQA
C D /5M0[C E
分析:efforts to register, C错 7W[+e&
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C. 动词不定式的其他用法 # `L?24%
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 iepolO=
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. 1?I_fA}
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(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 (E(J}r~E
I am glad to see you. uvG'Kx
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. ( fNG51h!
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. l(A)G d5>
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(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 Q Uy7Q$W
It is difficult to decide. p C^=?!:U
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五、句子的结构 =0t<:-?.-
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 t1`.M$
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(一) 主语的重复 *Z8qd{.$q
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 P9
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例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any YMn*i<m
A B KPjC<9sby
compromises concerning the establishment of the +R8G*2
C D prEI9/d"
League of Nations. BaVooN~C
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 H-,p.$3}
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson T@jv0/(+
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Q h{P>}
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are !]3kFWs
A B K&VMhMVb
lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. x1h&`QUP
C D |It&1fz}
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 3bRW]mP8
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(二)谓语的重复 ||L^yI~_d
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 nAC>']K4$
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例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of 6zi 5#23
A B d}y
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one or more sentences related to the same idea. G8zbb
C D aL*}@|JL"
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 R$p(5>#\5
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(三)谓语的缺少 VsJKxa4
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body |e<$
A B Gr>CdB>~+
temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. xYZ,.
C D dBwoAq`'
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 q65]bs4M
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(四)主句的重复 G3 |x%/Fbp
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 +$Y*1{hyOo
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例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite cU-A1W
A B C Y9gw
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they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. fs:yx'mxV
D hs5>Gx
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 [2YPV\=
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例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow '9=b@SaAj
A B a]Pw:lT
sweeps across the face of the Earth. * nFzfV
C D BU4IN$d0Po
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 e&2,cQRFV
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例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided ] jY^*o[
A B o2=):2x
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names for towns, only George Washington gS'7:UH,
C IC5QH<.$C
is remembered in the name of a state. .drY
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分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 .ARM~{q6)@
六、比较级和最高级 j
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比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 u
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(一) 比较级或最高级形式上的重复 :IBP "
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which 2J{vfF
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involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. e"wzb< b
B C D \Cu=Le^
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 1;1;-4k7I
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(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 b@&uwS v
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. }~|`h1JF
A B C D ,*U-o}{8C?
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 g_IcF><F
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例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere -&`_bf%M
A B C D i+mU(/l2{
is the grizzly bear. y>x"/jzF#
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 |f @A-d X
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(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 \Db;7wh
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 m jP
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例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with Z2m^yRQ(
A B |(*btdqy3
concepts of time and space than stage directors can. (E@;~7L
C D Bo8f52|
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 :*,!gf
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(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 VnSO>O
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as hNZ_=
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(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 JUA%l
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 Cj3Xp~
the taller boy fJ.=,9:<
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②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 cJq{;~
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed q1 q~%+Jy
A B #S/~1{
prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is uGXvP(Pg'
abundant, and humidity is moderate. E
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C D DL~!
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分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they W%ix|R^2]
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③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 M^WoV
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例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, i=b'_SZ'
A B C `O3#/1+
the Navajos form largest group. 1iR\M4?Frf
D !lEV^SQJs
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 ZUB]qzmK
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陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, Bt:M^b^
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language 8sDw:wTC
另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the P!9-!+F"
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例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many O>rz+8 T
A B C NODE`VFu
countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. mrE>o!
D ri"=)]
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 w{;bvq%lY
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陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the Pvkr$ou
例如:my best friends +)(
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例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial %
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A B C <3k9 y^0
and banking center. ,+n
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D ,`ehR6b
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 M|z4Dy
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 viS7+E|O
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例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary ~|wh/]{b9
A ",E$}=
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formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. $kQQdF
B C D <
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分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 -S$Y0FDV
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七、平行结构 ?
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改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 nfr..4,:
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(一) 对等连接词 +u7nx
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 V@ph.)z
单一式: and, or ,but AUkePp78
相关式: both…and, not … but, G-T2b,J
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either …or, neither…nor 3)py|W%X$
the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as '%A*Z,f
such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, %?:eURQ
not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also &uTK@ G+
not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, o>4GtvA*
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短语式: as well as ZNbb8v
rather than (而不是) NA8$G|.?
other than (除…之外) SE!0f&
instead of (代替) > 1
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考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 uzUZuJ
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, ?wS/KEl=O
A B |b:
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but he is now living in Detroit. 8klu*
C D o]*#|4-
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 1
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例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics [6Gb@jG
A B v81H!c.*
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford zcNv T
remained active in city and regional planning. >A;9Ee"&
C D ]1
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分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 fgSe]q//
(二)平行的内容 ]2P*Z6Az
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 .-g++f(_i
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of \{ui{8+G
A B U
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an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, %kJ_o*"
C D 4>&%N\$*
or yearly periods of light and darkness. _# /zH~V%
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行
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第二、名词单复数的平行 A%pBvULH
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 (hn@+hc
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例:The main advertising media include direct mail, 02_%a1g
A B C Wa{>R2h\
radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. &K_"5.7-56
D 2%'iTXF
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 x05yU
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例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, w{t2Oo6Q0+
A B 9oK#n'hjb
and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. u2SnL$A7
C D ]e'Ol$3U9=
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have s\6kXR
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第三、时态的平行 pFLR!/J
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated $W
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A MjAF&bD^
with the imagist movement , but later develops $DmWK_A
B (=d%Bn$6b
her own thyme patterns and verse forms. m/)Wn
C D z:hY{/-
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 +1Ha,Ok
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例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- &wbe^Wp
spread from its home in Central America and .u3!%{/v(c
now grows throughout the tropics. w`
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(A) to be (B) it
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(C) the (D) its }JXAG/<
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? 8}3dwr;-
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow sT"U}
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例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- =,q,W$-
commercially for their meat and eggs. ozZW7dveU
(A) raised (B) and are raised TFbMrIF
(C) raised as (D) are raised sW[8f
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分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 Pa%;[hbn
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第四、排列位置的平行 q-%;~LF
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. ]iewukB4
(A) Not only does rust corrode
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(B) Not only rust corrodes hnM?wn
(C) Rust, which not only corrodes vA rM.Bu>b
(D) Rust not only corrodes 6eSc`t&
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 p\]Mf#B
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对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: 4,CQJ
1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 gs)wQgJ [
2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 [5
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3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 ?-CZJr
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八、词序的颠倒 \M~M
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 xc[LbaBG
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 R I Bj9kd
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage s&