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一、代词 uD4j.%
代词中主要讲解六个问题 TD-o-*mO
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 1n!xsesSc
主格、宾格、所有格 oM(8'{S=
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) *!MMl]gU?
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(二) 反身代词 XiO~^=J
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 gP.PyYUV
He killed himself. (他自杀了) ''Hx&
He killed him. (他杀了他) Q N]y.(S)y
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating 2D2}
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a series of indicators that could help 2ElZ&(RZJF
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themselves to predict earthquakes. .Ta (v3om%
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 _tRRIW"Vx"
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 yA#nnu1
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 Wv||9[Rd
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 m*.+9 6
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies x~Dj2
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that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the <$u\PJF7_^
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Pacific. yy Y\g
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 c \;_jg
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 e%EO/ 2"
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: 2 w6iqLr?
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 0xY</S
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined a 7685Y
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the word“normalcy”to express social and %/ctt_p0x
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economic conditions they promised the nation. %lD+57=
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 +I?k8',pi
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important +~~2OU L
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John skBD2V4
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Keats, published the year of her death. KK6n"&TVa
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. }8POm#
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(四) Who和which的区别 R1D ;
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 b]fx
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 * k<@
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who 2:_6nWl
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. |Fi5/$S.
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 DY
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人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 +[<YE
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(五) that和which的区别 Pc_aEBq
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 '3Lu_]I-
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it :
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. d 8DU[p
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 Vv45w#w;
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 ~/]]H;;^u
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, 8.[F3Tk=
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when B*
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I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. TK
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way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which 1|(Q|
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