第三节 最高级 (`f)Tt=`
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考点一 最高级的形式 MV?sr[V-oP
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 2u}ns8wn
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; JaJyH%+$!
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive Wp=&nh
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. .@Jos^rxgJ
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. sO&eV68
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例题: 7"k\i=
(1) N*Xl0m(Q
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular !p70g0+
A B YZ5[# E@l
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. Now2ad&
C D '\LU 8VC
答案:A 3;EBKGg|
应改为:easiest. au7@- _
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 z-h7v5i"
二、没有等级的形容词 9!vimu)
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 toC|vn&P
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: koT: r
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 yTU'voE.|
例题: 7, :l\t
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. BKW%/y"
(A) most unique :j%
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(B) unique i8(n(
(C) least unique O:[@?l
(D)very unique 2rX}A3%9^^
答案: B Zq\ p%AU9
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 .h;X5q1
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 4 !M6RL8{
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 8HH\wu$$e
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: b]5S9^=LI
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience (`K~p Z
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 bn"z&g
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. ZUeA&&{
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. bR|1*
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例题: 7:h_U9Za?$
(1) Q02:qn?T
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. pB0Do6+{
A B C D 5[>N[}Ck>
答案: D WevXQ-eKm
应改为: form the largest Zl`sY5{1
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the f%TP>)jag!
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考点三 范围词 ~m@w p
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 'O]J
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例题: {:d9q
(1) p9$=."5
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to KdTna6nY
A B "t)|N
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Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 2T#>66^@q
C D ^5![tTJ
答案:C k34!*(`q
应改为:longest. 2wG4"
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 }]?U.
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考点四 most的其他用法 z@S39Xp==
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: iVGc\6+'
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 8q&*tpE
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 7Y(ySW
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists tqo!WuZAj
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: -"e$ VB
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal A/"p PO
例题: tcxs%yWO1
(1) Li;(~_62a]
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. p;rGaLo:u
A B C D `FM^)(wT
答案:A r?= 7#/]
应改为:Most rpT{0>5
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. j\SW~}d9
(2) Y)I8(g}0
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 7E9h!<5v
A B C 8\^[@9g3\3
of other cereal plants. afMIq Q?
D d>Z{TFY
答案:A zoV-@<Eh
应改为:most. \k|ZbCWg
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 jbqhNsTNK
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 df7z&{R
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the end. ;mLbJT
第三章 副词 Tdr^~dcQ
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 uv2!][
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 4565U
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 URW'*\Xjb
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第一节 副词修饰动词 rY>{L6d
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 +mP3y~|-j
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) d%9r"=/
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) G2k r~FG
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) f#l/N%VoBZ
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 6!i0ioZzi0
例题: (*%+!PS
(1)
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In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ,7pO-:*g
A B C XQk9 U
1870's or thereabouts. ?#\?&uFJ}
D "$#x+|PyC
答案:C f$k#\=2%
应改为:commercially ];1z%.
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 7fl'nCo\"
(2) /
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According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. =5LtEgHU
(A) facially SM:{o&S`
(B) their faces >.#uoW4ZV
(C) having facial '&3Sl?E
(D) they had faces 5in6Y5c kj
答案:A ^<<( }3
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 -2tX 15,
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第二节 程度副词much等 7s5?^^
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. %I%F
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She's not a bit more rational than you were. _hMVv&$
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 #0L:h?L
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ,US~p_M!
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, E[htNin.B~
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; Y.i<7pBt
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) '4FS.0*_
例题: 3VA8K@QiRm
(1) ui7 0|
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. -j]r\EVKS
A B C D v>)[NAY9
答案:C 8o4<F%ot
应改为:much faster g=b[V
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Ps<)?q6(
(2) zmf5!77
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm +5?hkQCX1^
A B Tr/wG
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. d
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C D ]v94U b
答案:B L\ _8}\
应改为:more. t
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解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant 1x M&"
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(3) O%(:8nIgZ
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals u33+ ikYv
A B C 9N=Dls
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ]wa?~;1^&
D =kZPd>&L
考点:程度副词 >4~{CXZ
答案:D aKH\
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应改为:still more (.%:Q0i1
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, biKpV?Dp
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 q+gqa<kM
(4) X?4tOsd
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a rm3~]
A B C D ?$-OdABXHK
swan's. Z9=Cw0( w?
考点:程度副词 S5m1~fz
答案:A ,W{Qv<oo
应改为:little Qf>dfJ^q
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little IO^O9IEx,
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅