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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 (`f)Tt=`  
a S+i`A:a  
考点一 最高级的形式 MV?sr[V-oP  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 2u} ns8wn  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; JaJyH%+$!  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive Wp= &nh  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. .@Jos^rxgJ  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. sO&eV68 [  
例题: 7"k\i=  
(1) N*Xl0m(Q  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular !p 70g0+  
    A                          B YZ5[# E@l  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. No w2ad&  
 C          D '\LU 8VC  
答案:A 3;EBKGg|  
应改为:easiest. au7@-_  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 z-h7v5i"  
二、没有等级的形容词 9!vimu)  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 toC|vn&P  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ko T: r  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 yTU'voE.|  
例题: 7, :l\t  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. BKW%/y"  
(A) most unique :j% B(@b  
(B) unique i8(n(  
(C) least unique O:[@?l  
(D)very unique 2rX}A3%9^^  
答案: B Zq\ p%AU9  
v!rOT/I  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 .h;X5q1  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 4 !M6 RL8{  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant 8HH\wu$$e  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: b]5S9^=LI  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience (`K ~p Z  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 bn"z&g   
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. ZUeA&&{  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. bR|1* <  
例题: 7:h_U9Za?$  
(1) Q02:qn?T  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. pB0Do6+{  
  A  B         C              D 5[>N[}Ck>  
答案: D WevXQ-eKm  
应改为: form the largest Zl`sY5{1  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the f%TP>)jag!  
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考点三 范围词 ~m@w p  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 'O]J a-  
例题: {:d9q  
(1) p9$=."5  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to KdTna6nY  
            A            B        "t)|N dZm  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 2T#>66^@q  
         C    D ^5![tTJ  
答案:C k34!*(`q  
应改为:longest. 2wG4"  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 }]?U. ]-  
考点四 most的其他用法 z@S39Xp==  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: iVGc\6+'  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: 8q& *tpE  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; 7Y(ySW  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists tqo!WuZAj  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: -"e$ VB  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal A/"p PO  
例题: tcxs%yWO1  
(1) Li;(~_62a]  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. p;rG aLo:u  
   A        B   C     D `FM^)(wT  
答案:A r?=7#/]  
应改为:Most rpT{0 >5  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. j\SW~}d9  
(2) Y)I8(g}0  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 7E9h!<5v  
   A       B              C 8\^[@9g3\3  
 of other cereal plants. afMIqQ?  
  D d>Z{TFY  
答案:A zoV-@<Eh  
应改为:most. \k|ZbCWg  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 jbqhNsTNK  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 df7z& {R  
ZK[S'(6q  
the end. ;mLbJT   
第三章 副词 Tdr^~dcQ  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 uv2!][  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 4565U  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 URW'*\Xjb  
WbS2w @8  
第一节 副词修饰动词 rY>{L6d  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 +mP3 y~|-j  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) d%9r"=/  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) G2kr~FG  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) f#l/N%VoBZ  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 6!i0ioZzi0  
例题: (*%+!PS  
(1) ,h1r6&MEY  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ,7pO-:*g  
             A        B    C XQk9 U  
 1870's or thereabouts. ?#\?&uFJ}  
      D "$#x+|PyC  
答案:C f$k#\=2%  
应改为:commercially ];1z%.  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 7fl'nCo\"  
(2) / GJ"##<  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. =5LtEgHU  
(A) facially SM:{o&S`  
(B) their faces >.#uoW4ZV  
(C) having facial '&3Sl?E  
(D) they had faces 5in6Y5ckj  
答案:A ^<<( }3  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 -2tX 15,  
{:Z#8dGe  
第二节 程度副词much等 7 s5?^^  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. %I%F !M  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. _hMVv&$  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 #0L :h ?L  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ,US~p_M!  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, E[htNin.B~  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; Y.i<7pBt  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) '4FS.0*_  
例题: 3VA8K@QiRm  
(1) ui70|  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. -j]r\EVKS  
   A    B   C    D v>)[NAY9  
答案:C 8o4<F%ot  
应改为:much faster g=b[V   
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much Ps<)?q6(  
(2) zmf5!77  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm +5?hkQCX1^  
        A                 B Tr/wG  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. d m.?-u;C  
          C     D ]v94U b   
答案:B L\_8}\  
应改为:more. t ~U&a9&Z  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant 1xM&" p:  
(3) O%(:8nIgZ  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals u33+ikYv  
         A          B      C 9N=Dls  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ]wa?~;1^&  
            D =kZPd>&L  
考点:程度副词 >4~{ CXZ  
答案:D aKH\ 8O4L5  
应改为:still more (.%:Q0i1  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, bi KpV? Dp  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 q+gqa<kM  
(4) X?4tOsd  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a rm3 ~]  
        A      B          C      D ?$-OdABXHK  
swan's. Z9=Cw0( w?  
考点:程度副词 S 5m1~fz  
答案:A ,W{Qv<oo  
应改为:little Qf>dfJ^q  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little IO^O9IEx,  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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