考点二 过去分词 K%q5:9
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1. 过去分词作定语 ?=1eHnP!R
与现在分词类似,过去分词作定语常可和定语从句替换, 通常表示被动的含义. oe<i\uX8z
如:a theory derived from rich experience pz%s_g'
= a theory that has been derived from rich experience sz9W}&(j
a gas composed of four chemical elements I&-r^6Yx
= a gas that is composed of four chemical elements 3h7RQ:lUi
单个分词可放在被修饰词之前,如:distinguished guests, unexpected trouble qTJhYxm
改错题中常考现在分词和过去分词的混用,关键看被修饰词和分词代表的动作是主动还是被动关系。 x|O7}oj
例如: boiling water (沸腾的水,表示正在沸腾); boiled water(开水, 表示已经烧开) Giyh( DL
2. 同源现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 y4-kuMYR
有时一个动词词尾分别加上-ing和-ed就构成了一组同源现在分词和过去分词, 这样的例子在英语里很多, 如: interesting/interested, exciting/excited, disappointing/disappointed等, 这些由动词变化而来的分词已经被人们视为形容词了. 但是, 同源现在分词和过去分词做定语时有什么区别呢? Q'OtXs 80
现在分词通常表示某个事物的特性, 通常用来修饰某事或某物, 含有“使人(令人)感到…”的意思, 如: an interesting novel, a confusing question等; ~I||"$R
过去分词通常表示人的感受或状态, 意思是“…的…”, 如: a worried look (焦虑的神情) H4g8
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试比较: an interesting boy (一个有趣的男孩 - 让人觉得很有趣) O= S[n
an interested boy (一个产生了兴趣的男孩 |ADf~-AY
同样, 当同源现在分词和过去分词做表语时, 在意思上也存在同样的区别, 如: J!:BCjRdw
The results are very disappointing. (结果很让人失望) 'f( CN3.!
We are very disappointed at the results. (我们对这样的结果很失望) Sn nfU
例题: gFR}WBl/
(1) ]8A*uyi
The University of Georgia, ----in 1785, was the first state supported university in the United States. E'x"EN
(A) chartered Xm#W}Y'
(B) was chartered xfRp_;l+R
(C) it was chartered M%E<]H2;S
(D) to be chartered ebBi zc=
答案:A _vTr?jjfK
解释:本句主谓结构完整, 缺少的是主语的修饰成分, A构成过去分词短语作定语;B C 的动词结构与原句谓语冲突; D 不定式一般表示即将发生的动作, 与in 1785不符 |Y3w6 !$
(2) 6 f*:;
A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. wAHuPQ&_Q
A B C D n]g"H
答案:C 5*44QV
应改为:fixed w)7y{ya$
解释:fix是动词,不能修饰名词period, 依句意改为分词fixed, “一段固定时间” 2 7)IfE
(3) z/\OtYz
Closed plane figures like the square or the equilateral triangle can be grouped into a class ----polygons. coXg]bUKo
(A) called Im6gWDdq@6
(B) to call L3b0e_8>R
(C) is called T=PqA)Ym
(D) call as 8?Rp2n*o
答案:A "^&H9