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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 !sT>]e  
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考点一 最高级的形式 j=0kxvp  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: |IAx!Z-P  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; Pf;OYWST  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive /X}1%p  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. N8 sT ?  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. xQ9t1b|{e  
例题: 7K"3[.  
(1) ,N$Q']Td  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular Qf:e;1F!  
    A                          B }?m0bM  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. 5hE#y]pfN  
 C          D Y.m1d?H 1  
答案:A [}L?EM  
应改为:easiest. cW3'057  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 S^s-md>  
二、没有等级的形容词 M6-uTmN:d  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 X}#vt?mu  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: w,1N ;R&  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 r/h\>s+N  
例题: ~}OaX+!  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. bdrE2m  
(A) most unique A1zRzg4I  
(B) unique AQ-PHv  
(C) least unique b^R:q7 ea  
(D)very unique a`Bp^(f}  
答案: B or-k~1D  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 / `cy4<  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: \J:+Wl.9A  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant tM LiG4 |7  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: - ~z@W3\  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience F6vsU:TfB  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 :h@V,m Z  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. >V.?XZ nt  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. <.`i,|?MHS  
例题: J_F\cM   
(1) #>yOp *  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. J5a8U&A  
  A  B         C              D +;+G+Tn  
答案: D `K VSYC  
应改为: form the largest '&Ur(axs  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the Dp ['U  
3ZT3I1/D  
考点三 范围词 HnPy";{  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 &NF$_*\E  
例题: )4fQ~)  
(1) !ak760*A  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to 9T;>gm  
            A            B        t=lDN'\P  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 5_A*I C]  
         C    D Y4YZM  
答案:C 0x*1I1(c  
应改为:longest. _G)A$6weU  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 62;xK-U  
考点四 most的其他用法 zw'%n+5m  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: Y'1 KH}sH  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: kjQW9QJ<  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; F<h+d917  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists U=%(kOx  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: 7Z9'Y?[m  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal '<,Dz=  
例题: eSIG+{;&  
(1) Xz:ha >}C  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. v? 8i;[  
   A        B   C     D C@;e<  
答案:A d<Lc&wlP  
应改为:Most YXTV$A+lW  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Q(A$ >A  
(2) 3ouy-SQ  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds ;jx[  +  
   A       B              C vr"Pr4z4i  
 of other cereal plants. `uLr^G=;  
  D ~u!V_su]GY  
答案:A 3O 4,LXdA  
应改为:most. 67/\0mV:~  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 (!b)<V*  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 "] 2^O  
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the end. Hr=|xw8.  
第三章 副词 hl0X, G+@  
:!cK?H$+  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 G2y1S/  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 %H{;wVjK  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 I.C atm2  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 IDf\! QGx  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 "uL~D5!f  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Vp1ct06^  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) +-),E.  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) $"( 15U  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 A4rMJ+!5  
例题: DC/Czkv9  
(1) y'b*Dk{  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the iO Z#}"  
             A        B    C \`z%5/@f;  
 1870's or thereabouts. S,5>/'fy0  
      D fwA8=o SZd  
答案:C lw~ V  
应改为:commercially 7BIN qVS&  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 v,*C>u\3s  
(2) .`_iWfK  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. Iw.!*0$  
(A) facially ZI1]B944ni  
(B) their faces 'ZI8nMY  
(C) having facial G9Kck|50  
(D) they had faces m44a HBwId  
答案:A (y6}xOa(  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 9M($_2,44  
'Nt)7U>oC9  
第二节 程度副词much等 z k}AGw  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. ^dk$6% 0  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. vOz1& |;D  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 Nb9GrYIS  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; H I_uR$m  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, @q>Hl`a  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; \5!7zPc  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) =$)M-;6  
例题: LFW`ISY{  
(1) 1d FuoX  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. 2YKa <?_  
   A    B   C    D A&Aj!#  
答案:C ZfqN4  
应改为:much faster 6*>L ud  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much jMTM:~0N  
(2) LOi}\O8  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm ,I5SAd|dX  
        A                 B s^eiym P  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ZGR5"el!  
          C     D 4%ooJi|)  
答案:B Ws`ndR  
应改为:more. `a MU2  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant kq5X<'MM9N  
(3) JJtx `@Bc  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals '-RacNY  
         A          B      C m?<E >-bI  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. Px=@Tw N,  
            D -g2l-N{&  
考点:程度副词 X@DW1<wEt  
答案:D 2NMs-Zs  
应改为:still more z.SC^/\o|  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, :+PE1=v  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 MHK|\Z&e7  
(4) ,u2Qkw  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a OA[e}Vn  
        A      B          C      D 'f-r 6'_ZX  
swan's. ;ItH2Lw<&  
考点:程度副词 C}RO'_ Pq  
答案:A hL&$` Q  
应改为:little ;XurH%Mg  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little Vb (b3  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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