改错题常考要点 J|j;g!fK
一、代词 ToU.mM?f^
代词中主要讲解六个问题 z}APR@?`n8
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 %x2b0L\g
主格、宾格、所有格 sc xLB;
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) 8R/
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(二) 反身代词 euZ(}+N&
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 M_&4]\PkCy
He killed himself. (他自杀了) C_-E4I
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He killed him. (他杀了他) xwLy|&
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating #:
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a series of indicators that could help kIM
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themselves to predict earthquakes. ,9vJtP+T+!
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 b7v dk
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 Z:^3Fm->+
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 `]&*`9IK{
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 -$L(y@%X^
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies `oPLl0
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the tQf!|]#J
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Pacific. {g@A>
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 \bRy(Z)
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 G{O\)gf
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: DUo0w f#D^
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 \
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined t.L4%1OF
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the word“normalcy”to express social and r
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economic conditions they promised the nation.
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 A{M+vsL
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important !^]q0x
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John pqOA/^ar
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Keats, published the year of her death. )p
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. Mc!2mE%47m
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(四) Who和which的区别 R/Tj^lM
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 r)c+".0d^
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 ,cPkx~w0
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who 5"$e=y/
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 3Hy%SN(
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 ?rAi=w&c
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 v^<<[I2 C
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(五) that和which的区别 E1^aAlVSD
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 !?S5IGLOj
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it <zfO1~^
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. K3a>^g
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 0@o;|N"i
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 9nP*N`
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, >qSO,$
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when Z\ "Kd
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. j<.
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way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which >=.ch5h3J)
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly *Y|lO
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. C=xo&I7
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 $i1>?pb3
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has r9p?@P\:[
affected the way people in the United States----. g4BwKENM
(A) living and working DYy@t^sC
(B) they live and work brpN>\
(C) live and work A;/Xt
(D) to live and to work VfJX<e=k
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 VC_3 ll]vr
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二、介词 W2X+
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介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 9fr&Yb=_o@
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(一) 介词搭配 h:US]ZC^Z
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those f6/\JVi)-
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. do:RPZ!
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 $)i"[
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. S4uR\|
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分析:B错改为be rich in +$pO
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the Qg8eq_m(
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. iR4,$Nn>
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 L52z
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 X#\P.$
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 W0C$*oe!_i
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. ^dp[Z,[1z
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 S3[oA&
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has hc~#l #
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on F^[Rwzv>c
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. ^SES')x
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 -Z#]_C{Y-)
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2、介词by X$Qi[=L
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by iS^^Z ZyR
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing dXr
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例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States MZ#2WP)F
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