加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解2
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解2

考点四 名词(词组)作定语 O3j:Y|N@F  
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题 B ;9^  
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等 py]m^)yc  
例题: 0;#%KC,  
(1) 6p1\#6#@  
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, ]V ln5U   
 A                       B A{bt Z#k  
is a prosperous trading and distribute center. Yo/U/dB  
   C         D hJ (Q^Z  
答案: D M$B9?N6  
应改为: distribution/ distributing. -}/u?3^-  
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯 |h\e(_G \  
(2) TUw^KSa  
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. (CJiCtAsl`  
   A  B      C         D r/$+'~apTk  
答案: D 3 { LXx  
应改为: color Kyt.[" p  
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 & Gp@,t  
W2D^%;mw  
o]t6u .L  
第二章 形容词 gbsRf&4h  
K k P}z  
形容词即strong, attractive等描述性的词汇,在句中主要作定语修饰名词,同时还可作表语、宾语补足语等成分 MUhC6s\F  
QM\v ruTB  
第一节 形容词修饰名词 iS&~oj_-%  
4EQ7OGU  
形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词,如:modern art, electric current, great responsibility;这一考点在TOEFL改错题占有相当的比例,几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词,主要形式是将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等 1+~JGY#   
例题: r(y1^S9!8  
(1) RrSSAoz1  
The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. :y==O4  
       A  B   C          D 9 yH95uaDF  
答案:C kMWu%,s4  
应改为:certain. IT! a)d  
解释:certainty是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些 sOg@9-_Uh  
(2) A%> Ir`I  
Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. ?BT\)@ h  
  A       B         C   D /e1m1B  
答案:C A ${b]  
应改为:visual. mr6/d1af_  
解释:vision是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词 %y)5:]  
注意1:大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句话: vpcHJ^19  
The man was awake. .281;] =  
There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake不能做定语) F]]np&UV.  
这类形容词包括: alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable GE]fBg  
例题: G;_QE<V~_  
(1) ZHUA M59bx  
Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means Vo}3E]  
     A                 B        C 3t22KY[`  
of on-the-spot, alive reports. #u~s,F$De  
       D :#0uy1h  
答案: D ,C2qP3yg  
应改为:live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的) ]y3V ^W#  
解释:alive不能做定语, 只能做表语,所以应该改为live reports (现场报道) J;h4)w~9H3  
(2) 6NH.!}"G9  
Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also }c1Vu  
 A              B               C G3n* bv  
gather data from documentary and oral sources. %[\: 8  
                 D {[G2{ijRz  
答案: A ljVtFm<  
应改为:like qb(#{Sw0  
解释:alike不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL改错中常考的考点 yaD<jc(O  
注意2:形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉. 0l3v>ty  
如:a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents等, F,Y,0f@4U9  
注意3:形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL考点之一。 当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格)并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题, <$wh@$PK  
一般来说:这个排序的规则是: "r @RDw   
冠词(a, an, the)/所有格(my, your等)/指示代词(this, that等) + 数量形容词 + 描述性形容词 + 名词 Yh_H $uW  
如: two young American students PxzeN6f  
    my three red pencils B3K!>lz  
第二节 比较级 Mm`jk%:%]  
英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: <h|XB}s+  
在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等; u':-DgK  
或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 +jYO?uaT  
少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的), x%d+~U;$&  
B 3|zR  
,\!4 A  
考点一 含有标志词than HmKvu"3  
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, IK5FSN]s/  
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train. 44FK%TmtF  
  She possesses more books than I do. 16/+ O$#y  
  He is more intelligent than I expected. 6} "?eW  
than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中, 2Fi>nJ  
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级, u\=gps/Z  
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。 11}sRu/  
例题: $l-|abLELz  
(1) xal ,j*  
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. fl _k5Q'&p  
(A) coolest Ntr5Q IPd  
(B) the coolest J7$1+|"  
(C) cooler qd{o64;|  
(D) the cooler XSt5s06TM  
答案:A ZiM#g1;  
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 h`+Gs{1qw  
(2) EquNg@25W  
Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has. W=M&U  
           A   B              C     D qY\zZ  
答案:A @z"Zj 3ti  
应改为:more Hb 'fEo r  
解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级 piJ/e  
2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来: "L@qjSs8  
情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分, ;=: R|  
如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. * 2[&26D  
   (that 指代the population) P]!$MOt  
  His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. ASY uZ  
   (those 指代 designs) ;d G.oUk=  
情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) RK(uC-l  
如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may 'j#oMA{0  
    probably contribute more to the success of a play. nQK@Uy5Yr  
例题: /e Dah3%d  
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. X0b :Oiw  
(A) than do U@yrqT@;AU  
(B) that are having OzBo *X/p  
(C) which have KQi9qj  
(D) that do ^q"p 8   
答案:A ~B>I?j  
解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 q9pBS1Ej  
%_M B-  
考点二 (not) so /as…as G,{L =x Oh  
比较级特殊句式(not)so/as…as 表示“如同……一样、不如……”等意思,其结构和than句式相仿,但as…as之间的形容词必须用原形,而且as…as必须搭配使用, NF0IF#;a  
如:It is as good as it looks. /7@@CG6b  
  The boss is not so bad-tempered as you have described. RTA9CR)JP4  
填空题中常给出句子的一部分(第一个as),要求填出相搭配的部分(第二个as),一定要形成对这种搭配句式的敏感。 d|on y  
例题: l*_b)&CH  
(1) Q9K Gf;  
The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----. ec1snMY  
(A) possibly little nourishment $f>WR_F  
(B) nourishment possibly little yN{Yb p  
(C) little as possible nourishment z-[Jbjhd  
(D) little nourishment as possible {xEX_$nv  
答案:D U,iTURd  
解释:空格处需要动词have的宾语,同时包含as…as句式,A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构,C语序有误,均可排除。D中as…as possible, 为固定用法, 意为“尽可能”. BxZ}YS:  
(2) (n"M)  
There is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ---- 400,000 B.C. ?jw)%{iKYV  
(A) so early QI=SR  
(B) the earliest RfN5X}&A  
(C) as early as d q:M!F  
(D) so early that dd nWr"_  
答案:C Y141Twjvd  
解释:依句意空格处需要“早在”这一意思的正确表达,只有C符合题意,用的是比较级特殊句式as...as ui9gt"qS`  
b@1QE  
考点三 the same…as fbw {)SZ  
此句式也常用来表示“和……一样”,the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用, nkhM1y  
如:She looks just the same as before. xR#hU;E}  
  I got the same feeling as you did. d /t'N-m  
改错题中常将此句式误用为the same…like /than, 要练就一双火眼金睛将其识别出来 apY m,_  
例题: 9\Xl 3j!  
(1) b17p; wS  
Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier bodies, -v jjcyTt  
         A       B          C }=f}@JlFB  
shorter tails, and longer bills. +\:I3nKs%  
            D ni%^w(J3Q  
答案:B *D<sk7  
应改为:as. W_sDF; JP  
解释:the same as是固定搭配, 表示“与...一样” xVl90ak  
(2) 'Y vW|Iq  
Due to sophisticated transportation networks, people can now buy the same types of /$9/,5|EA  
  A                 B    qtgK}*9ptv  
perishable goods in Toronto like in New York City. G^2"\4R]p  
   C          D  AOWI`  
答案:D Oi7=z?+j  
应改为:as H/, tE0ZV  
解释:与the same相搭配的只有as, like不行 MfL q h  
kW,yZ.?f  
考点四 the more…,the more… /FYa{.Vlr  
此句式常表示“越……越……”,more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行省略, C*78ZwZ  
如:The more she slept, the less comfortable she felt.  (K?[gI  
  The greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot. P&F)E#Sa  
填空题中常需填入两个分句之一,因此看到the more结构,要注意选与其结构相近的另一半the more句式 '[juPI(!  
例题: ol YSr .Q`  
(1) _nRshTt`V&  
The greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. VJ$C)0xQA  
(A) the greater the need there is [p7le8=  
(B) greater need u>(Q& 25  
(C) is there great need 6Nl$&jL  
(D) the great need jOuv\$  
答案:A .(Pe1pe  
解释:这是典型的 “the more…, J}YI-t  
BF_k~  
Y"lxh/l$}  
the more…” 句式, 意为 “越…, 越…” 其逗号前后两部分结构要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒装, A 完全符合要求. C D 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二个比较级; B 少定冠词the. 此句亦可改写为: If there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. \hq8/6=4s  
(2) H?~u%b@   
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body. '|q :h  
(A) the stress it is greater DRzpV6s  
(B) greater is the stress K8+b\k4E  
(C) greater stress is n$P v2qw  
(D) the greater the stress XWvs~Xw@  
答案:D }3*h`(Bv7  
解释:此句涉及比较级的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后结构平行,当谓语一致时,后面的可省略,符合要求的只有D woT"9_tN  
=L=#PJAPj  
考点五 no longer /not…any longer o|}%pc3  
no longer /not…any longer和no more/not…any more都表示“不再……”, R utW{wh  
如:He no longer smokes. / He doesn't smoke any longer. [@y=% \%R  
注意no longer /not…any longer不要混用,no more /not…any more同理,这一句式在改错题中出现。 ]_=HC5"  
例题: N Hh  
(1) SB'YV#--  
  Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio n=SZ8Rj7  
          A           B      sogbD9Jc  
 continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level. _Pz3QsV9  
    C                           D 2(rZ@Wl  
答案:A Gzfb|9 ,q  
应改为:no longer. (g)@wNBW  
解释:根据句意此处应为否定“不再是 ...”,英文中有两种方式表达此意, no longer / not...any longer, 此句只能采用前者, 若用后者语序应为: it is not the big business that it was in the forties any longer
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-09-22   
周一继续
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
freekaobo官方微信订阅号 正确答案:考博
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交