第三节 最高级 n
uQM^2
Aw!gSf)
考点一 最高级的形式 M~6@20$oW
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 9O,,m~B
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; \'?#i@O
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive zGcqzYbuA
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 24\gb
v<
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. s]B"qFA
例题: ~H@+D}J?
(1) f%qt)Ick
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular Vs0 SXj
A B ZX`J8lZP
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. @fn6<3
C D T*q"N?/4
答案:A q(z7~:+qNr
应改为:easiest. MXAEX2xmme
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 =F%RLpNU4
二、没有等级的形容词 (hZ:X)E>
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 d}0qJoH4
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: CVKnTEs
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 K!8zwb=
fq
例题: ?KN:r E
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. /r$&]C:Fi
(A) most unique E)'8U
(B) unique cz
.3|Lby
(C) least unique Xza4iV
(D)very unique s^C;>
答案: B Z^6#4Q]YC
b&t[S[P.V
考点二 最高级前的限定词 h
H4o;0rqJ
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 6&!l'[hU
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ua& @GXvZ
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: xUj2]Q>R+
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience {OxWcK\2@h
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 ?n*f
y
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. Va9q`XbyO
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. VO9f~>`(
例题: G1_Nd2w
(1) 1i,4".h?M
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. u6_jnZGB
A B C D q) _r3
答案: D 8tZ};="F
应改为: form the largest *)%dXVf
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the {})y^L
u9>6|w+
考点三 范围词 1o#vhk/"+
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 Jk*QcEE=
例题: |Y{PO&-?r
(1) QN #)F
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to q%.bnF/Yd
A B 0WS|~?OR@
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. *R!]47Y d
C D z@`@I
答案:C rIPl6,w~
应改为:longest. H
/%}R
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 b6Xi
考点四 most的其他用法 P8]ORQ6ZF
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: yjv&4pIc1
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: UFk!dK+
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; nr<.YeJ
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists M%;"c?g
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: %OFj
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal L
B<UC?e
例题: +<B|qcT!
(1) *sAOpf@M
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. PuU*vs3
A B C D U>1b9G"_
答案:A i)8g CDc
应改为:Most 0ZT 0
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ^Bn1;
(2) ^K/G 5
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds mMslWe
A B C {[N?+ZJD*L
of other cereal plants. `TkbF9N+
D $oc9
|Q 7
答案:A 9G+y.^/6
应改为:most. "TUPYFK9
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 G6<HO7\
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 3 ^pYCK%
a\>+=mua
the end. hk/ +
第三章 副词 QW,cn7
(%Ng'~J\|
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 7
s7}?l9
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 x{~_/;\p3
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 U>bP}[&S
6(,ItMbI
第一节 副词修饰动词 |^>u<
E5
2NyUmJ42
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 k"0%' Y
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) :l4^iSf
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) Ia=&.,xub
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) JThk Wx
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 JN-D/s
例题: pb~Ps#"Zg
(1) sYl&Q.\q
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the hT\p)w
A B C "$# $f
1870's or thereabouts. GOUY_&}tL
D P0a>+^:%
答案:C B8`R(vu;
应改为:commercially ;|Y2r^c
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 w2.qT+;v
(2) .%|OGl ?
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 6(\q< fx
(A) facially ?psOj%
(B) their faces $0S.@wUG
(C) having facial mvUVy1-c
(D) they had faces pyu46iE)
答案:A >^M!@=/?J
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 95_[r$C
XHU<4l:kl
第二节 程度副词much等 I8E\'`:<
8A`p
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. (:tTx>V#
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Sn{aHH
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 'lQ
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; fRca"v V
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, "<g?x`iz
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; ')Dp%"\?
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) '@3a,pl
例题: -Z[R S{#+T
(1) WrIL]kJw^
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. a:(: :m
A B C D LZZ:P
答案:C *Bb|N--jI
应改为:much faster 4EaSg#
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much xPn'yo
(2) vUodp#s
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm YokZar2a0
A B >yPFL'
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ci{9ODN
C D yP1Y3Tga=
答案:B {8*d;[X50
应改为:more. O[5_9W
4
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant F'Y2f6B
(3) }
Khq
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals qD=m{
O8%_
A B C !txELA~24
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ,:dEEL+>c
D *]E7}bqb
考点:程度副词 NP<F==,
答案:D n'&`9M['%d
应改为:still more Ql6ai
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, =p&'_a^$
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 +DbWMm
(4) h^ecn-PC
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a EV?47\~
A B C D |au qj2
swan's. *|gs-<[#X
考点:程度副词 h,WY2Hr
答案:A ~b6<uRnM.
应改为:little !$KhL.4P
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little yzM+28}L<I
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅