第三节 最高级 ~m_{&,CA.
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考点一 最高级的形式 ( <YBvpt4>
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: }f;WYz 5
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ?z`={oN
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive eZEk$W%
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. u?"="-^
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. Da615d
例题: & XmaGtt
(1) ;89kL]
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular |Fe[RGi+8
A B (P`=9+
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. JcUU#>
C D 9wZ?")2
答案:A S=ZZ[E_~S
应改为:easiest. dzEi^*
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解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 q[_qZ
二、没有等级的形容词 VxBBZsZO~
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 dpTsTU!\
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: 5]>*0#C
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absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 ss[`*89
例题: n74\{`8]o
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. Sp492W+
(A) most unique 7b+r LyS0
(B) unique :a6LfPEAX
(C) least unique (oi:lC@h*
(D)very unique EW|$qLg
答案: B nS04Ha
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 :D*U4<
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(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: R3~,&ab
the most important thing, the biggest elephant E
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但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: +b(};(wL
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience m,lZy#02s3
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 k5I;Y:~`
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. rW)h?, b
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. |Y>Jf~SN
例题: fZ$b8
(1) ZeP=}0TGjn
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. C`hdj/!A
A B C D v>_@D@pr
答案: D +nE>)ZH
应改为: form the largest f' ?/P~[
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the hZx&
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考点三 范围词 JM3[
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伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 sp,-JZD
例题: e9o\qEm
(1) M7TLQqaF
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to /'sv7hg+
A B $ln8Cpbca
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. Dh8ECy5k<*
C D =Kd'(ct
答案:C 'z ?Hv
应改为:longest. Az&>.*
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 GC')50T J
考点四 most的其他用法 /65YHXg,
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: O] @E8<?^
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: &t=:xVn-M
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; /eV)5`V
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists {<42PJtPY
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: -c_l
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a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal I0m7;M7 P
例题: g(@F`W[
(1) e9{ii2M
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. NM{)liP
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A B C D zjmoIE
答案:A =A'>1N
应改为:Most 2FMmANH0ev
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. vNSUrf,r
(2) y!b2;- Dp
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds
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A B C L^JU{\C
of other cereal plants. L]=]/>jQ6
D ~O}r<PQ
答案:A i]ZGq7YJ%
应改为:most. Y/sav;
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 B
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词汇:cereal: 谷类的 A[l
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the end. u`XRgtI{g?
第三章 副词
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 k6#$Nb606
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 >g$iO`2
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 bc(MN8b ]j
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第一节 副词修饰动词 z};|.N}
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ~i1
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) X5o*8Bg4M
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) vv)q&,<c
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) LVUA"'6V
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 /4+L2O[
例题: CzlG#?kU?2
(1) a<-aE4wdm
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the ;L$-_Z
A B C )xVf3l
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1870's or thereabouts. ~C{:G;Iy0
D ;gL{*gR]S
答案:C S:{xx`6K
应改为:commercially m^FKE:
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 #e.x]v:
(2) Yz;7g8HI
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. GJWGT`"
(A) facially @q!T,({kx
(B) their faces .$s']' =
(C) having facial G+fo'ThG
(D) they had faces i=/hLE8T*
答案:A *ELU">!}G
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 #6a!OQj
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第二节 程度副词much等 ktPM66`b
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. <b'*GB
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She's not a bit more rational than you were. <}RD]Sc$1
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 7:g_:}m
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; *A`ZcO=
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, <r <{4\%}
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; |11vm#
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) ,~,q0PA7J
例题: r]-
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(1) ;ZuHv
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Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. E5A"sB
A B C D D5xQ
答案:C 02J(*_o
应改为:much faster VMF?qT3Nd
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much &0f/
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(2) uO]|YF
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm J|hVD
A B p2(ha3PW
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. Y5 ;a
C D R|}4H*N
答案:B 66-\}8f8a
应改为:more. O13]H"O_
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant <V}q8k
(3) -rYb{<;ST
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals fe<7D\Sp@
A B C 4$, W\d
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. LN(\B:wAY
D wO.d;SK
考点:程度副词 .|u`s,\
答案:D 0\"#Xa+}8
应改为:still more !0? B=yA
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, )uAY_()/
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 X0+E!~X$zM
(4) GK-P6d
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a ,]ySBAO
A B C D eD(5+bm
swan's. b{-"GqMO
考点:程度副词 k4<28
答案:A "CC"J(&a
应改为:little ks phO-
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little k7@QFw4 j
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅