第三节 最高级 U8zCV*ag
i_(6}Y&
考点一 最高级的形式 V+5av Z}
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: oy-y QYX
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; $p|Im,
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 3Fw7q"
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. MY}/h@
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. F0kdwN4;
例题: GTM@
9^
(1) !bs5w_@
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular 6WX?Xc]$3
A B "5204I
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. {)(Mkm+d
C D )#8}xAjV
答案:A OS-k_l L
应改为:easiest. iJH?Z,Tjf
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ~b@"ir+g4
二、没有等级的形容词 R"j<C13;%
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 NxSSRv^rx
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: &NOCRabc
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 aJ@lT&.
例题: `A9fanh
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. !jf!\U
u[U
(A) most unique x2TE[#><
(B) unique &kcmkRRG
(C) least unique #"8'y
(D)very unique Y9I|s{~
答案: B \x:} |
m&yHtnt
考点二 最高级前的限定词 Apj[z2nr
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: ?9%$g?3Z
the most important thing, the biggest elephant #l h'
!
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: l[i1,4
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience 6v74mIRn'?
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 v_WF.sb~
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. (&u'S+
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment.
[aG
例题: 8
&v)Vi-
(1) | #b/EA9
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. r&ys?@+G
A B C D >3*a&_cI=k
答案: D C4GkFD
应改为: form the largest :Gzp
(@<@e
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the ^x$1Nf
*K&
$9fah
考点三 范围词 %eh.@8GL`
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 *yY\d.6(
例题: Sn^M[}we
(1) wCV~9JTJ!
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to `~_H\_JpO
A B }:u-l3e
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. fW[RCd
C D o
q6^
答案:C ~3&hvm[IQ
应改为:longest. 5y] %Cu1.u
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 mB6%. "
考点四 most的其他用法 ~w9`l8/0
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: a8G<x<
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: L
" 'd(MD
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; G'';VoW=
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists _3NH"o
d
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: +F%tBUY{<
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal .JJ50p
例题: _
b</
::Tp
(1) DO9K
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. SG1AYUs
V
A B C D FFe{=H,=
答案:A JoZzX{eu"
应改为:Most fC[~X[H
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. Z}Q/u^Z
(2)
!4<A|$mQ
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 8rFP*K9
A B C pp{GaCi
of other cereal plants. t<$J
3h/"
D g!r)yzK
答案:A yF_/.m I
应改为:most. OECVExb@eH
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 R9D2cu,{
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 57]La^#
.I $+
E
the end. -)KNsW
第三章 副词 w
lslG^^(!
)vg@Kc26
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 '<*%<J{(
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 +_gA"I
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 >IA1 \?(
g:
U
-kK!i
第一节 副词修饰动词 fA[T5<66
Ir*{IVvej
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 ^ P
A|RFP
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) Jw^my4
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) ,OP\^
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) ] \!,yiVeU
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 ,9ew75Jl
例题: ?P#\CW
(1) cS@p`A7Tpo
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the "T<7j.P?
A B C f.E{s*z
>
1870's or thereabouts.
qLKL*m
D BJLeE}=H
答案:C vBM<M3
应改为:commercially 0 N0< 4
b
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 hw)z]
(2) Zw%:mZN
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. /Bk`3~]E>
(A) facially s.KfMJ"u[
(B) their faces $"}*#<Z
(C) having facial
-*-"kzgd
(D) they had faces i1]}Q$
答案:A AI,E9
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 J*ZcZ FbWN
<KStlfX
第二节 程度副词much等 r?pFc3~N
^%Ln@!P
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. Y;dqrA>@
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Z7?\ >4V
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 Eq8:[o
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; ?[DVYP
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, [<Mls@?
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; mQ<Vwx0
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) -KG1"g,2
例题: ofgNL .u
(1) lACS^(
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. r $ YEq5
A B C D %/_E8GE
答案:C `nc=@" 1
应改为:much faster :SZi4:4-J8
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much 7x*C`
Et<x
(2) z$(`{
o%a
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 64^3ve3/a=
A B
Mi}k>5VT
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. bcAk$tA2
C D N,F[x0&?
答案:B k?
,/om1
应改为:more. B@' OUcUR
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant zP|^@Homk
(3) \(zUI
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals lj+&3<E
A B C { /
,?3
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ]L3MIaO2T
D 1>umf~%Wa
考点:程度副词 @jZ1WHS_a
答案:D :*t5?
应改为:still more `<hMrhfh
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, Q4g69IE
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 =t.T9'{
(4) ih: XC
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a #f_.
A B C D XXXQA Y-,C
swan's. `1lGAKv
考点:程度副词 +{%)}?F
答案:A HY(XI u
应改为:little K :>O X
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little
iAt&927
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅