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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 n uQM^2  
Aw!gSf)  
考点一 最高级的形式 M~6@20$oW  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: 9O,,m~B  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; \'?#i @O  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive zGcqzYbuA  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. 2 4\g b v<  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. s]B"qF A  
例题: ~H@+D}J?  
(1) f%qt)Ick  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular Vs 0 SXj  
    A                          B ZX`J8lZP  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. @fn6<3  
 C          D T*q"N?/4  
答案:A q(z7~:+qNr  
应改为:easiest. MXAEX2xmme  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 =F%RLpNU4  
二、没有等级的形容词 (hZ:X)E>  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 d}0qJoH4  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: CVKnTEs  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 K!8zwb= fq  
例题: ?KN:r E  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. /r$&]C:Fi  
(A) most unique E)'8U  
(B) unique cz .3|Lby  
(C) least unique Xza4iV  
(D)very unique s^C;>  
答案: B Z^6#4Q]YC  
b&t[S[P.V  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 h H4o;0rqJ  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: 6&!l'[hU  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ua& @GXvZ  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: xUj2 ]Q>R+  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience {OxWcK\2@h  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 ?n*f y  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. Va9q`XbyO  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. VO9f~>`(  
例题: G1_Nd2w  
(1) 1i,4".h?M  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. u6_jnZGB  
  A  B         C              D q) _r3   
答案: D 8tZ} ;="F  
应改为: form the largest *)%dXVf  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the {})y^L  
u9>6|w+  
考点三 范围词 1o#vhk/ "+  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 Jk*QcEE=  
例题: |Y{PO&-?r  
(1) QN #)F  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to q%.bnF/Yd  
            A            B        0WS|~?OR@  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. *R!]47Y d  
         C    D z@`@I  
答案:C rIPl6,w~  
应改为:longest. H /%}R  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 b6Xi  
考点四 most的其他用法 P8]ORQ6 ZF  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: yjv&4pIc1  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: UFk!dK+  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; nr<.YeJ  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists M%;"c?g  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: %O Fj  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal L B<UC?e  
例题: +<B|qcT!  
(1) *sAOpf@M  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. PuU*vs3  
   A        B   C     D U>1b9G"_  
答案:A i)8gCDc  
应改为:Most 0ZT 0  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. ^Bn1;  
(2) ^K/G5  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds mMslWe  
   A       B              C {[N?+ZJD*L  
 of other cereal plants. `TkbF9N+  
  D $oc9 |Q 7  
答案:A 9G+y.^/6  
应改为:most. "TUPYFK9  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 G6<HO7\  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 3 ^pYC K%  
a\>+=mua  
the end. h k/+  
第三章 副词 QW,cn7  
(%Ng'~J\|  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 7 s7}?l9  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 x{~_/;\p3  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 U>bP}[&S  
6(,ItMbI  
第一节 副词修饰动词 |^>u< E5  
2NyUmJ42  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 k"0%' Y  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) :l4^iSf  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) Ia=&.,xub  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) JThk Wx  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 JN-D/s  
例题: pb~Ps#"Zg  
(1) sYl&Q.\q  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the hT\p)w  
             A        B    C "$# $f  
 1870's or thereabouts. GOUY_&}tL  
      D P0a>+^:%  
答案:C B8`R(vu;  
应改为:commercially ;|Y2r^c  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 w2.qT+; v  
(2) .%|OGl ?  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 6(\q< fx  
(A) facially ?psOj%  
(B) their faces $0S.@wUG  
(C) having facial mvUVy1-c  
(D) they had faces pyu46iE)  
答案:A >^M!@=/?J  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 95_[r$C  
XHU<4l:kl  
第二节 程度副词much等 I8E\'`:<  
8A`p  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. (:tTx>V#  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Sn{aHH  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 ' lQ  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; fRca"vV  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, "<g?x`iz  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; ')Dp%"\?  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) '@3a,pl  
例题: -Z[R S{#+T  
(1) WrIL]kJw^  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. a:(: :m  
   A    B   C    D LZZ:P  
答案:C *Bb|N--jI  
应改为:much faster 4EaS g#  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much xPn'yo  
(2) vUodp#s  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm YokZar2a0  
        A                 B >yPFL'  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. ci{9ODN  
          C     D yP1Y3Tga=  
答案:B {8*d;[X50  
应改为:more. O[5_ 9W 4  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant F'Y 2f6B  
(3) } K hq  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals qD=m{ O8%_  
         A          B      C !txELA~24  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. ,:dEEL+>c  
            D *]E7}bqb  
考点:程度副词 NP<F==,  
答案:D n'&`9M['%d  
应改为:still more Ql6ai  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, =p&'_a^$  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 +DbWMm  
(4) h^ecn-PC  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a EV?47\ ~  
        A      B          C      D |au qj2  
swan's. *|gs-<[#X  
考点:程度副词 h,WY2Hr  
答案:A ~b6<uRnM.  
应改为:little !$KhL.4P  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little yzM+28}L<I  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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