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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 \}~s2Y5j  
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考点一 最高级的形式 @Kf_z5tm:  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: lNv".Y=l  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; NxVw!TsR  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive X[2[!)Rk  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. +n})Y  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. ^1Xt]T`e  
例题: : L_BG)dM  
(1) 0wFH!s/B  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular kz"3ZDR  
    A                          B oo=#XZkk  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. }tPk@$  
 C          D (~)%Fo9X"  
答案:A 5j0{p$'9  
应改为:easiest. ^`SA'F ,  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 .D4bqL  
二、没有等级的形容词 b dJ+@r  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 X%bFN  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: yAL1O94  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 VR!-%H\AW  
例题: &x-TW,#Ks  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. =e><z9hY  
(A) most unique >)_ojDO  
(B) unique ecOy6@UDY  
(C) least unique #'OaKt?Z)  
(D)very unique ^MD;"A<  
答案: B >x3ug]Bu  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 0aR,H[r[?  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: D\^WXY5e%y  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant u)Q;8$`  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: bg?"ILpk  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience kW6%32  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 g^kx(p<u`  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. lEPAP|~uw  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. SW(q$i  
例题: *.f2VQ~H  
(1) ,/&Zw01dGN  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. ^T4Ay=~{  
  A  B         C              D +c206.  
答案: D OySy6IN]q  
应改为: form the largest m:`@?n~..  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the XeUC0K[D  
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考点三 范围词 =lr)gj  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 3+OsjZ  
例题: OIaYHA  
(1) h. hjz?  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to s[3fqdLP&  
            A            B        J/D|4fC  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. wpPn}[a  
         C    D #j@OLvXh  
答案:C ~krS#\  
应改为:longest. +6W(z3($  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 #] KgUc5B  
考点四 most的其他用法 yOHXY&  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: S0@T0y#  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: x%BF {Sw  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; @ Gjny BJ  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists :.IN?X  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: hCc0sRp  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal zQuM !.  
例题: o$_93<zc  
(1) 8:g!w:$x  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. i Q`]ms+  
   A        B   C     D /8CY0Ey  
答案:A z:G}>fk5  
应改为:Most H7IW"UkBR  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. a1x7~)z>zi  
(2) `^8*<+  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds f]_mzF=&  
   A       B              C wly>H]i'  
 of other cereal plants. .H;B=nd*  
  D X8 qIia  
答案:A W);W.:F  
应改为:most. #( uj$[o  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 8M93cyX  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 cf*zejbw  
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the end. 8R/ *6S=&  
第三章 副词 k^*$^;z  
euZ(}+N&  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 f)Y  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 BED@?:U#h  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 Bcaw~WD  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 <IH*\q:7  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 RZ6~c{  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词)  1ZNNsB  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) kH2oK :lN  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) hho%~^bn(  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 G+C} <S}  
例题: ?pKN'`  
(1) *H*\gaSh  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the s!`H  
             A        B    C X 7&U3v  
 1870's or thereabouts. K P6PQgc  
      D v>:=w|.HC  
答案:C #^; s<YZ`  
应改为:commercially 9<Ag1 l  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 Nx B+?  
(2) /=ACdJ  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. 9 P~d:'Ib  
(A) facially D+hB[*7Fs  
(B) their faces khS/'b  
(C) having facial LV\ieM  
(D) they had faces ~zj"OG"zOw  
答案:A @Q3, bj  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 } bCK  
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第二节 程度副词much等 !c."   
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. *bU% @O  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. ?4MSgu  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 H8sK}1.  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; MyqiBGTb  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, p&QmIX]BZ  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; !6{J q]  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) L1rA T  
例题: MN\i-vAL8  
(1) )p h30B  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. &b!vWX1N  
   A    B   C    D C)U #T)  
答案:C prqT(1  
应改为:much faster OCwW@OC +  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much VZt;P%1;h  
(2) |$Qp0vOA}  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm CH55K[{<  
        A                 B /G{&[X<4U  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. 5"$e=y/  
          C     D 48H5_9>:  
答案:B O(WEgz  
应改为:more. L,E-z_<p  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant Z(l9>A7!  
(3) !~?W \b\:  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals >).@Nb;e  
         A          B      C 23)F-.C} j  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. (_s;aK  
            D FK-}i|di  
考点:程度副词 hcd!A 5  
答案:D 9qnuR'BDu  
应改为:still more +GRxH uW,  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, qw6EPC  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 Z@<q/2 ).|  
(4) +dDJes!]  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a H<v c\r  
        A      B          C      D ]lymY _ >  
swan's. }P05eI  
考点:程度副词  I/u'bDq  
答案:A 5}<.1ab3V  
应改为:little H?rSP0.  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little C }x4#bNK  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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