第三节 最高级 ``wSc0\
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考点一 最高级的形式 J0@X<Lt U
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: #B4%|v;`E?
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; 7(pF[LCF
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive J+`VujWT
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. gLOEh6
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. w@{= nD4p
例题: x QIq^/F0
(1) _H5o'>=
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular r-Pkfy(
A B p,eTY[k?
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. Ymg|4%O@
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答案:A zzX_q(:S
应改为:easiest. x^y'P<ypw
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ]7RD"}
二、没有等级的形容词 / G7vwC
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 V=o
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有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: g\&g N
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 `~By)?cT_>
例题: t:'Mh9h7u
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 'F9 jq
(A) most unique % ~H=sjg
(B) unique 'Wmx)0)
(C) least unique {#@W)4)cA
(D)very unique ZzJ?L4J5v
答案: B @eKec1<
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 dtR
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(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: lww!-(<ww
the most important thing, the biggest elephant |}Nn!Sj>#;
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: rrik,qyv6
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience BHU6t<G
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 U@uGNMKR
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. YUtC.TR1
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. UCB/=k^m
例题: gG(fQ
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(1) |B.Y6L6l
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. W{6|tx)
A B C D O;:mCt _H
答案: D P3+5?.p.
应改为: form the largest mwHB(7YS,
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the N4F.Y"R$(
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考点三 范围词 R3gdLa.
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 tE<H|_{L
例题: V5V
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(1) ls\WXCH
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to *\+\5pu0
A B Z'`<5A%;
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ,8U&?8l
C D "l3_=Gua
答案:C 46_xyz3+
应改为:longest. _n0CfH.v
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式
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考点四 most的其他用法 QwW&\h[8?
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 81? hY4
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: {f3YsM;]C
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; XixL R
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists q;T{|5/O
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: _mqL8ho
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal -`*a'p-=
例题: [+2[`K
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(1) 9UdM`v)(
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. W9 GxXPA
A B C D
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答案:A !"?#6-,Xn
应改为:Most SD"FErJ
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. U dT*E: 6
(2) u@W|gLT1
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds v
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A B C |7'df &CA
of other cereal plants. p|X"@kuseO
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答案:A B nFw
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应改为:most. N]>=p.#j
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 jD$,.AVvz
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 }*M6x;t
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the end. Go5J%&E9
第三章 副词 |kyX
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 5bRJS70M
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 VQc_|z_s
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 FvaUsOy"
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第一节 副词修饰动词 m(r,Acy6
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 @:oXN]+
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) F~,Mw8
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 8r*E-akuyr
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) -R|,9o^
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 8H%;WU9-
例题: &fDIQISC
(1)
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In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the LoURC$lS
A B C %"q
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1870's or thereabouts. Y4J3-wK5
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答案:C LD+{o 4i
应改为:commercially rlML W
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 ,kyJAju>
(2) 57'*w]4f
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. KN^=i5K+Y
(A) facially Z_LFIz*c
(B) their faces piJu+tUy
(C) having facial |J1$=s
(D) they had faces 5[8xV%>;
答案:A
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解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 R
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第二节 程度副词much等 x!?u^
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. uF X#`^r`
She's not a bit more rational than you were. l3{-z4mw
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 c/:b.>W
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; t=BUN
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, S50k>_a;
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; J-[,KME_^
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) (j%~u&+-
例题: ^+*N%yr
(1) *1ilkmL%
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. kYM~d07 V
A B C D \q>bs|2
答案:C SU MrFd~
应改为:much faster aEBu *`-j
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much `
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(2) ,[N%Q#
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm C0sX gM
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regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. jqz ux[6{
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答案:B
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应改为:more. PoHg,n]
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant zZ:>do\2
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Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Lt2u,9
A B C ;
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oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. fIM,lt
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考点:程度副词 :)8VdWg
答案:D a y4 %
应改为:still more <c*FCblv
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, N'F77
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词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 <'}YyU=
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A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a LmRy1T,act
A B C D I.I`6(Cb
swan's. Lk|hQ
考点:程度副词 at @G/?
答案:A Upx G@b
应改为:little E!;SL|lj.
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little Pi=+/}
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅