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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 ``wSc0\  
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考点一 最高级的形式 J0@X<Lt U  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: #B4%|v;`E?  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; 7(pF[LCF  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive J+`VujWT  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. gLOEh6  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. w@{=nD4p  
例题: x QIq^/F0  
(1) _H5o'>=  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular r-Pkfy(  
    A                          B p,eTY[k?  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. Ymg|4 %O@  
 C          D C#Na &m  
答案:A zzX_q(:S  
应改为:easiest. x^y'P<ypw  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 ]7RD"}  
二、没有等级的形容词 / G7vwC  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 V=o t-1,j7  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: g\&g N  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 `~By)?cT_>  
例题: t:'Mh9h7u  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 'F9jq  
(A) most unique % ~H=sjg  
(B) unique 'Wm x)0)  
(C) least unique {#@W)4)cA  
(D)very unique ZzJ?L4J5v  
答案: B @eKec1<  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 dtR wTUMe?  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: lww!-(<ww  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant |}Nn!Sj>#;  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: rrik,qyv6  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience BHU6t<G  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 U@uGNMKR  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. YUtC.TR1  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. UCB/=k^m  
例题: gG(fQ 89U"  
(1) |B.Y6L6l  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. W{6|tx)  
  A  B         C              D O;:mCt _H  
答案: D P3+5?.p.  
应改为: form the largest mwHB(7YS,  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the N4F.Y"R$(  
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考点三 范围词 R3gdLa.  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 tE<H|_{L  
例题: V5V bJBpf  
(1) ls\WXCH  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to *\+\5pu0  
            A            B        Z'`<5A%;  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. ,8U &?8l  
         C    D "l3_=Gua  
答案:C 46_xyz3+  
应改为:longest. _n0CfH.v  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 4":KoS`,j  
考点四 most的其他用法 QwW&\h[8?  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: 81? hY4  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: {f3YsM;]C  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; Xix L  R  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists q;T{|5/O  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: _mqL8ho  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal -`*a'p-=  
例题: [+2[`K c]  
(1) 9UdM`v)(  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. W9 GxXPA  
   A        B   C     D _C%3h5  
答案:A !"?#6-,Xn  
应改为:Most SD"FErJ  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. UdT *E: 6  
(2) u@W|gLT1  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds v |XTr,#  
   A       B              C |7'df&CA  
 of other cereal plants. p|X"@kuseO  
  D $ Xv*,Bq  
答案:A B nFw lw  
应改为:most. N]>=p.#j  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 jD$,.AVvz  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 }*M6x;t  
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the end. Go5J%&E9  
第三章 副词 |kyX 3~  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 5bRJS70M  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 VQc_|z_ s  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 FvaUsOy "  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 m( r,Acy6  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 @:oXN]+ _  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) F~,Mw8  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 8r*E-akuyr  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) -R|,9o^  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 8H%;WU9-  
例题: &fDIQISC  
(1) -WY<zJ  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the LoURC$lS  
             A        B    C %"q 9:{m  
 1870's or thereabouts. Y4J3-wK5  
      D GB23\Yv  
答案:C LD+{o4i  
应改为:commercially rlMLW  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 ,kyJAju>  
(2) 57'*w]4f  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. KN^=i5K+Y  
(A) facially Z_LFIz*c  
(B) their faces piJu+tUy  
(C) having facial |J1$= s  
(D) they had faces 5[8xV%>;  
答案:A 6gL #C&  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 R   
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第二节 程度副词much等 x!?u^  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. uFX#`^r`  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. l3{-z4mw  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 c/:b.>W  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; t=BUN  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, S50k>_a;  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; J-[,KME_^  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) (j%~u&+-  
例题: ^+*N%yr  
(1) *1ilkmL%  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. kYM~d07 V  
   A    B   C    D \q>bs|2  
答案:C SUMrFd~  
应改为:much faster aE Bu *`-j  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ` :ArT}F  
(2) ,[N%Q#  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm C0sX gM  
        A                 B 2VPdw@"~}  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. jqz ux[6{  
          C     D aKJwofD  
答案:B aR[JD2G  
应改为:more. PoHg,n]  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant zZ:>do\2  
(3) 'g">LQ~a+  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals Lt2u,9  
         A          B      C ; p.v]0]is  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. fIM,lt  
            D 5v[*:0p'  
考点:程度副词 :)8VdWg  
答案:D ay4 %  
应改为:still more <c*FCblv  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, N' F77 .  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 <'}YyU=  
(4) M +-*QyCFK  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a LmRy1T,act  
        A      B          C      D I.I`6(Cb  
swan's. Lk|hQ  
考点:程度副词 at@G/?  
答案:A Upx G@b  
应改为:little E!;SL|lj.  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little P i=+/}  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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