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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

考博语法攻略大全

改错题常考要点  8{wwd:6  
一、代词  =)M/@T  
代词中主要讲解六个问题 q}`${3qQ3  
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 wxR,OR  
  主格、宾格、所有格 ^1S!F-H4\  
  名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) NO7J!k?  
"Q}#^h]F  
(二) 反身代词 p#ol*m5wE  
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 ^nT/i .#_  
  He killed himself. (他自杀了) 9A/\h3HrJ  
  He killed him. (他杀了他) Jv>gwV{  
?x$"+,  
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating  y~B h  
    A                 B    0ZT5bg_M  
  a series of indicators that could help :}Xll#.,m  
             C      :=}US}H$  
  themselves to predict earthquakes. K{x\4  
    D Qi ua  
分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 q-  
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 KX76UW   
_K`wG}YIE  
(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别 4H,`]B8(D  
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 Lrta/SU*  
2"0es40;0  
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies NE"@Bk cm  
  that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the Z8# (kmBdB  
     A   B      C          D qOe+ZAJ{%N  
  Pacific. .Obw|V-  
xe#FUS 3  
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 O;z,qo X  
~?D4[D|sB  
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 dq7x3v^"ZG  
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: ~o82uw?  
  Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 5\N(PL  
?HTj mIb  
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined M9Cv wMi  
                       A   ks3`3q 7  
  the word“normalcy”to express social and &+a9+y  
             B O!zV)^r  
   economic conditions they promised the nation. pM^9c7@!:  
   C       D ~res V  
分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 *meZ8DV2DH  
O?NeSx 1  
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important 8MK>)P o)  
        A     x9$` W  
  work is not poetry, but his biography, John k ]W[`  
   B        C      @En^wN  
  Keats, published the year of her death.  Scp7X7{N  
      D \X<bH&x:z  
分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. z3`-plE  
*7*lE"$p  
A:>01ZJ5S+  
(四) Who和which的区别 #%`|~%`{:  
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人 1)9sf0LyU  
who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 ]P#XVDn+;  
8j Mk )-  
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who 7x#Ckep:I  
              A            B 09dK0H3(  
  account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. 4S,`bnmB  
   C                  D hD\rtW  
分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 pR `>b 3  
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 lFa02p0  
nFE4qm  
(五) that和which的区别 M54j@_81pX  
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 6726ac{xz  
`1'6bp`Z  
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it Rz (QC\(  
              A        B Dp vk\t  
  would affect society could not have been foreseen. A~Y^VEn  
      C              D d_4T}% q  
分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见 +lJG(Qd  
>"gf3rioW  
(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 Se HagKA  
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, $"0 MU  
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when r;>*_Oc7g  
   I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. /E Bo3 `  
way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which M(jgd  
Wi[~fI8^!  
例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly 20vXSYa~  
              A         B   >wb 'QzF:  
  reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. ktj]:rCkF  
         C      D Yiry["[]Q  
分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 cs T2B[f9D  
$Z|ffc1  
例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has  7:9.&W/KE  
  affected the way people in the United States----. m-H-6`]  
   (A) living and working ._8KsuJG  
   (B) they live and work ZQ)>s>-  
   (C) live and work Y]{ >^`G  
   (D) to live and to work v3}L`dyh3  
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 Mr?Xp(.}G  
T^T[$26  
二、介词 ^xh}I5  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 L,mQ   
Sp7ld7c  
(一) 介词搭配 q-]`CW]n  
_@ *+~9%8p  
例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those Q-MQ9'  
    A         B   C      A-,up{g  
  in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. k$ H%.l;E  
                D F;gx%[$GX  
分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 )K,F]fc+O  
u:m]CPz  
例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. ua5OGx  
A       B     C  D |tv" B@`  
分析:B错改为be rich in HPb]Zj  
t 5'V6nv  
例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the ,z;ky5Ct  
    A         B      C *uo'VJI7_,  
  alternation of periods of light and darkness. TjHwjRa  
             D &VV~%jl;k  
分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 @+9< O0  
D\[h:8k  
:>TEDy~O%  
(二) 最重要的两个介词 YO}1( m  
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 9lGOWRxR)  
例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. hSFn8mpXT  
          A      B  C     D mt5KbA>nU  
分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 ,Z{d.[$  
z]2]XTmWs  
例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has )(tM/r4`c&  
                 A  B     ~v'3"k6  
  starred in stage, television, and film productions on vfl5Mx4  
      C Ya;9]k8,  
  both sides the Atlantic Ocean. es>W$QKlo  
      D K]j0_~3s  
分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 ` ORECg)  
E\IlF 6  
2、介词by x7vctjM|  
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by Q>R>R*1.j  
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing 0TmR/uUT  
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States  1~l I8  
    A         B       M/q E2L[y  
   can be performed from a justice of the peace. B9T!j]'  
   C     D E[O<S B I  
分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 C=s1R;"H  
f]G>(V=i  
例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils \=0V uz  
   A                      &f7fK|}  
   could veto a declaration of war at refusing to 0vVV%,v  
     B    C       D f8SL3+v  
   supply moccasins and field rations. xB@|LtdO9;  
分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 @ JvPx0  
eL4NB$Fb  
例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with  f>s?4  
        A                n.sbr  
  operations on sets of numbers or other elements +3a?` Z  
        B          C   M\Gdn92pd  
  that are often represented at symbols. y$3;$ R^  
              D  Ug:\  
分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 ,jC3Fcly  
三、谓语动词 ~GuMlV8  
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 5OO'v07b  
①、主谓分割原则 XxDaz1  
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, ;SwMu@tg  
     A     CiR%Ujf  
   America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. `fNG$ODL   
        B      C      D ,+g&o^T  
分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 x Au/  
i5 >+}$1  
②、与后者一致原则 @Kf_z5tm:  
not…but, 强调but后面的名词, Z4){ 7|~a  
not only…but also zE)~0v4  
hk/! 'd  
6{ ,HiY  
③、与前者一致原则 ?:|- Dq,  
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, P/JK$nb  
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 A:y.s;<L 0  
例:The athlete, together with his coach and ,Rx{yf]k  
     A      B  C     -`f04_@>d  
  several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. M(d6Z2ibh  
         D hUz[uyt  
分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is q!f1~aG  
OG3/-K8R  
④、就近原则 CC;! <km  
or, either…or, neither…nor, NNG}M(/V  
单数名词+or+复数名词+are g(O;{Q_  
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is $6F)R|  
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 tn|,O.t  
        如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 :Vg}V"QR  
* n(> ^  
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are Px5t,5xT8  
        A      B        Gg\G'QU  
  amazingly complex for single-celled animals. w(1Gi$Z(Q)  
    C              D ED$DSz)x  
分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 "Lh   
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 kC$&:\Rh  
There are five apples that are red. ,jy*1Hjd  
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 b'ml=a#i 0  
{dPgf  
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets g8ES8S M  
      A            ql5x2n  
  carry a supply that last just a few seconds. <-UOISyf  
   B   C    D  '?o9VrO  
分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 *jzLFuWIG  
vMSW$Bx ;  
⑥the +形容词主谓一致 y?30_#[dN  
The rich are not always happier than the poor. G>T')A  
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 __p_8P  
+rNkN :/L  
⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 Jx-wO/  
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: ++[5q+b  
a. there be 句型 BOf1J1  
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 5 HV)[us  
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 w#G2-?aj  
kpfwqHT  
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. [JTto!Ih$  
   A     B      C    D    Uhh l3%p  
分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is ^9"KTZc-*  
>tRHNB_  
00vBpsZj2;  
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific v:ER 4  
             A     B    ce p$_J a  
  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 2BB<mv K4  
     C         ,8K'F  
  miles in width. A{,n;;  
     D  ~o15#Pfn/  
分析:倒装句,are改为is l\q} |o  
CyM}Hc&w  
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and J?712=9  
   A    B       C         {E,SHh   
  Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film QocQowz  
                    D W3pQ?  
  presented on the five-story-tall screen. \SYvD y]  
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 ` ti8-  
r4k nN 2:  
⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 -Wjh**  
fifty percent of + 名词 sB7" 0M  
one percent of + 名词 6}&^=^-  
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: C|e+0aW  
  one percent of my students + are Lx+`<<_dJ  
  fifty percent of my time is spent on working. "n- pl  
!EFBI+?&  
这里要强调两个结构 YF[$Q=7.  
half of =fifty percent ?JqjYI{$  
most of + 可数名词 + are , {<Fz%  
most of + 不可数名词+ is __)qw#  
P/ aDd@j  
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been )/%S=c  
   A       B         C   ?y_awoBd1  
  found in central and eastern Canada. w~-X>~}  
           D yh!B!v'  
分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 p{C9`wi)  
VD;j[~/Z  
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized ?aJ6ug  
                 A   B  IK?]PmN4}  
  in the United States are for foods and beverages. JD&U}dJ  
              C     D 22vq=RO7Z  
分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 [$:@X V(  
9.-47|-9C  
(二) 谓语动词的时态 @XBH.A^7r  
①、主要考察时间状语 FNJ!IkuR  
9HKf^+';n  
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. 4WG= m}X  
   A        B  C     D Lh!z>IWjOG  
y< ud('D  
分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was Y-~;E3(  
85C#ja1&  
L]>4Nd  
②、For和since的区别 *[ #*n n  
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 ?%;B`2 nDR  
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 T^NJ4L4#  
  I has been a teacher for three years. \CwtX(6.  
  I has been a teacher since 1996. ITQ9(W Un  
  I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 4@/z  
%09*l%,;  
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became #'iPDRYy  
   A      B              DUo0w f#D^  
  the primary responsibility of the president. \ %_)_"Q  
     C    D -;<>tq'3`  
分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 Z?C4a }  
\Nyr=<c  
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of 1^tSn#j  
             A  B  C   lT3|D?sF  
  the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. Md?a cWE*L  
            D Ri[S<GOMii  
分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 R @OSqEnr  
k_BSY=$e*D  
iA&oLu[y3  
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.  $)l2G ;&  
   A       B        C     D l_ZO^E~D_  
自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live InP[yFV-z  
rI *!"PL  
(三) 谓语的语态 h&q=I.3O|?  
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 R~!\ -6%_  
有四组动词是改错题中常考的: =#b4c>  
①、prove e"lD`*U8R  
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 f>O54T .L.  
尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; k+f1sV[4}  
G I&qwA  
例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming hcd!A 5  
                      A   *iPs4Es-  
  to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be 'uws  
    B                  C A1mYkG)l  
  mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. jM6uT'Io  
                  D Bjurmo  
分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 "1_{c *ck  
>oVc5}  
}*xC:A%aS  
②、Locate,Situate Z'voCWCd  
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 |3s.;w K  
  Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 dVasm<lZ  
这两个词也可以用作被动 ^nG1/}  
  My school was located near the river. %{N>c:2I$  
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 ; :v]NZtc  
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. 6lB{Ao?|  
   (A)locates L-^# 02  
   (B)locating gn-=##fT:i  
   (C)to locate `=_7I?  
   (D)is located ~Da >{zHt  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 8Uj68Jl?  
M>`?m L  
③、表示需要概念的动词 q$e T!'x  
need, want, require等 dbf^A1HI  
!Ei Ze.K  
My watch needed repairing 44Seq  
My watch needed to be repaired. T {5 M1r  
@c.11nfn`  
④、表示人的情感的动词 $ioaunQKP  
move, annoy, surprise, please等 &-EyM*:u!  
17MN8SfQ  
He is so moving.  他令人感到感动。 Xm_Ub>N5  
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 mI{CM: :  
0lvb{Zd  
主动和被动技巧总结: g4BwKENM  
如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 DYy@t^sC  
'ugR!o1  
例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the cG~_EX$  
                 A      rm7*l<v6  
  United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, H4K(SGx  
                 B V!yp@%D  
  power structures, and flood-control works along Q@3ld6y  
                    C }[hDg6i  
  the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. j,gM+4V^  
                D (>)+;$Dr,\  
分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 n]6w)wE (  
N8/Au= De_  
四、非谓语动词   t`&s  
4F 6ju6w  
(一) 分词 e2VL/>y`  
现在分词和过去分词的区别 zL[U;  
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 :jN;l  
g'l7Jr3  
例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then PHB\)/  
   A YRT}fd>R&  
  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. aV0;WH_3  
     B      C            D : ;gwdZ  
分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning r0XGGLFuZl  
fSb @7L  
②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 qg Y(S}V  
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in EWvid4QEi  
      A               B   &`9bGO  
  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. Bg 8t'dw?K  
               C         D A5 J#x6@  
分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living epm8N /  
5Qe}v  
q?b)zeJ  
一些动词后面必须用doing MJk:s[o  
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 <MDFf nj  
 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, bgx5{!A  
 advocate, suggest >?Y3WPB<F  
 delay, quit aG&kl O>m  
 forgive(原谅),tolerate, P|QnZ){  
 avoid, escape(逃避) [O =)FiY-  
 spend+名词+doing; JZ*?1S>  
 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing [_z2z6  
?_`P;}4#  
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their vmQ DcCw  
   A     B    C              D a>e 1jM[  
  crops. [;\< 2=H  
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 G;.u>92r|  
[ZpG+V AJ8  
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, z K ]%qv]  
               A        B K LM^O$=  
  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. N=}Z#  
        C          D oZ>]8vw  
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing CX(yrP6;  
l<:)rg^,  
(二) 不定式 S| ?--vai_  
A. 动词不定式的省略 [aVJY r2  
①、help后面可以省略to 9U%}"uE  
  help to do q+=@kXs>+  
  help sb. to do 9(\N+  
d3hTz@JY  
例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid WN?`Od:y  
              A      B   }E] &13>r  
  the habits that might shorten the lives. faeyk]u  
         C     D B~?Q. <M  
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 E<[ bgL  
`RLrT3 4  
②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 JHOBg{Wg  
  make, V)?g4M3}  
  let, Ya {1/AaM  
  have sb. do sth FO3*[O   
  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. ^qy-el  
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians E^ti !4{<  
        A               B Dy'l]vN$  
  to know when to play various parts of a composition. t|,Ex7  
   C     D q.Mck9R7  
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know @_Oe`j^  
=5#Jsn?U  
③、感官动词 =)>q.R9  
   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe  M)RQIl5  
   see sb do sth. 强调过程 y`dzo`f  
   see sb doing sth 正在做某事 sM_e_e  
${2fr&Tp  
X Y?@^  
B. 动词不定式的固定用法 C T`X~y10  
(1)表示第一人 p-Btbhv  
the first woman to do sth. Ku'U^=bVm:  
gWPa8q<b  
(2)表示迫使的动词 S!cXc/H-R  
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do M] *pBc(o0  
 K>eG5tt  
例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis 0&~u0B{  
     A                 B    '_Oprx  
  allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. |SleSgS<#  
       C           D _%B`Y ?I`  
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 S\(_"xJPp  
!HYqM(|{.  
iI7~9SCE  
(3)表示倾向…的形容词 IgL8u  
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 <ZEA&:p  
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事 R2@u[  
  be lieable to do 易于…的 (Bz(KyD[  
  be apt to do P9vROzXK  
Z)%p,DiNM  
(4)表示目的的名词, AP%h!b5v  
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 3Daq5(fLP  
固定的句式: _1ins;c52  
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. {;U:0BPI3  
the objective 目标 DNPK1e3a{  
aim K9R[ oB]b  
goal "'Ik{wGc  
reason理由 J']W7!p  
function功能 {8Ll\j@ "  
intension意图 Dts:$PlCk  
ryN-d%t?  
例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing sp%7iNs  
                       A  Z5Cv$bUc  
  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. ~X/T6(n$  
           B          C     D 4.8,&{w<m  
分析:the function to provide, A错 8'y|cF%U  
u8*0r{kOH  
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure LBg#KQ @  
                  A       ee0J;pP2#  
  and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds 4[?Q*f!  
     B  [kCn6\_<V  
  that make up various components of a living cell. ;(V=disU/  
    C    D vI-KH:r"{  
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 U+KbvkX wj  
XP'KgTF  
(5) 其他同根名词 bnlL-]]9z  
 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 QwhPN'U  
 attempt to do 企图 -I -wdyDr  
 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 thh, V   
 ambition, _u>+H#  
 be ambitious to do  ! M bRI  
 effort og>f1NwS[  
t[<=QK  
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation t*COzE  
  A                    B   xe5>)\18-  
  catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. ?f%@8%px  
          C       D 3}"VUS0wh  
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 U9JqZ!  
b^v.FK46G  
例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great MFC= oKD  
  A                   B   l!oU9  
  efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. Cnn,$R=/s  
       C            D "MyYu}AD  
分析:efforts to register, C错 5vS'Qhc  
qWWy}5SOm  
)&*&ZL0  
C. 动词不定式的其他用法 $hA[vi\5  
(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 Ngg (<ZN  
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. uz% rWN`{  
towQoqv  
(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 P/^:IfuR  
I am glad to see you. wt-)5f'{  
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. ]Fa VKC~3  
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. zg)]:  
`TAhW  
(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 ,UY],;ib  
It is difficult to decide. [~$9n_O94  
K !`tEW[  
0'a.Ypf  
五、句子的结构 'DVPx%p  
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 4SmhtC  
>i=mw5`D]  
(一) 主语的重复 Dk/;`sXV  
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 z~Gi/Ln  
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any {]`O$S  
          A      B      NCBS=L:  
  compromises concerning the establishment of the kAU[lPt*R  
          C          D 7n {uxE#U)  
  League of Nations. @99@do |C  
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 =ejkE; %L  
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson vTN$SgzfCU  
6!O~:\`DJ  
}>>BKn   
例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are mm' Pe4*  
        A        B  Wfz&:J#  
  lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. Fd9ypZs  
    C         D b<NI6z8\  
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 P;{f+I|`  
gm\P`~+o  
(二)谓语的重复 ma,H<0R  
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 7vubkj&  
b+9M? k"  
例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of  FTsvPLIv"  
    A            B    <x *.M"6?  
  one or more sentences related to the same idea. QGs\af  
         C   D O'*KNJX  
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 V*"-@  
mbK$_HvU  
(三)谓语的缺少 4[v % ]g`  
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body <!Ed ND=  
          A     B    Q,S~+bD(z  
  temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. yyW;VKN  
         C               D Bq3"l%hI  
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 "AMbU6 8  
7VduewKX8  
(四)主句的重复 ,4M7:=gf  
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 Nk*d=vj  
c@>Tzk%?"  
dZ  K /v  
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite agp`<1h9  
      A         B        C   sxkWg>  
  they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. P|*c7+q  
     D )_BQ@5NK  
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 ;+jz=9Q-  
*oZ]k`-!8  
例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow &y_Ya%Z3*e  
        A   B       2t 7':X  
  sweeps across the face of the Earth. q(xr5iuP_  
      C    D a4aM.o  
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 In13crr4!  
{02$pO  
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided ;\a?xtIy  
   A                     B  >V1vw7Pa  
  names for towns, only George Washington 69< <pm,m  
      C [~_)]"pU  
  is remembered in the name of a state. P! cfe@;<4  
          D HE!"3S2S&+  
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 Y]!WPJ`f2  
六、比较级和最高级 T8^`<gr.  
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 da ' 1 H  
pTeN[Yu?  
(一)    比较级或最高级形式上的重复 g79zzi-  
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which 5]f6YlJZ  
      A               M:M"7>:  
  involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. N =T 0Td  
     B       C           D NI  r"i2  
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 ~Vt?'v20@  
;SgPF:T>Q  
(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 jWL%*dJrN  
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. '[Zgwz;z  
     A      B     C  D O\J{4EB@.  
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 y g:&cIr,  
-xXdT$Xd  
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere U3**x5F_  
     A       B     C   D C;3  
  is the grizzly bear. A('o &H  
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 Lm8uN?  
"T@9#7Obu  
gb{8SG5ac  
(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 e_YTh^wU  
改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 6$)FQ U  
;w7s>(ITZ  
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with _vJ(F  
   A           B  XL7||9,(h  
  concepts of time and space than stage directors can. 8 =oUE$9  
   C                 D Z aYUf  
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 F%f)oq`B  
*X5<]{7c  
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 @_$Un&eo  
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as G0A\"2U  
i A<'i8$P  
(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 O"X:3srJ`  
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 T/FZn{I  
the taller boy .}5qi;CA  
OZ33w-X<  
②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 \.'[!GE*c  
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed ^( s(4|  
          A            B ^T#jBqe  
  prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is :uJHFF xg  
  abundant, and humidity is moderate. GYg .B<Q.  
    C          D u* G+=aV.6  
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they &2Ef:RZF  
O^PN{u  
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 (*b<IGi;  
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, G`;\"9t5h  
  A  B         C     k }{o: N  
  the Navajos form largest group. PC HKH  
         D ;%Px~g  
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 K$:+]fJK  
7n?yf _ je  
陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, F v*QcB9K  
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language SdN&%(ZE  
    另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the {kBsiSvsA;  
NMQG[py!f  
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many jABFdNjri  
            A      B         C AusjN-I L  
  countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. j0j!oj)7I  
            D 8;L;R ~Q  
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 ][b|^V  
& Zn`2%  
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the fL# r@TB-s  
例如:my best friends vcsSi%M\U  
<F(S_w62  
例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial BC/5bA  
            A    B     C RRPPojKZ  
  and banking center. V8):!  
        D K!Fem6R  
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 VBQAkl?(}4  
Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 !L8q]]'XM  
~?Vod|>  
8b.k*,r>  
例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary `,xO~_ e>  
                 A         @'}2xw[eU  
  formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. R;pW,]}g,  
    B   C     D %hN>o )  
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 oJ %Nt&q  
$x`HmL3Sb  
七、平行结构 K<:%ofB"S  
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 >n3GvZ5%  
i8k} B o  
Pe,ky>ow  
(一) 对等连接词 'DVn /3?X  
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 }a[]I%bu 2  
单一式: and, or ,but iB(?}SaAZ  
相关式: both…and, not … but, "hI"4xSg  
     either …or, neither…nor ~`&4?c3p  
     the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as M&V4|D  
     such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, between…and, L!l?tM o  
     not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also MYvz%7  
     not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, ;"Qq/ knVL  
-XL? n/M  
短语式: as well as [[^r;XKQ  
     rather than (而不是) ~&p]kmwXSX  
     other than (除…之外) { CR`~)v&  
     instead of (代替) M !"Q7>d  
%A~. NNbS  
考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 Zy3F%]V0  
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975,  yC5>k;/6#K  
       A     B   fgtwV ji  
  but he is now living in Detroit. @q<h.#9  
       C   D .O0eSp|e  
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 P;25 F  
~m=Z>4M  
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics (AZneK :*  
       A         B Et* LbU  
  as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford >BO!jv!a  
  remained active in city and regional planning. ~oSA&v4V  
          C    D  9<CUm"%J  
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 h6LjReNo  
(二)平行的内容 >^9j>< Z  
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 jzDPn<WQ  
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of E.:eO??g  
             A         B   ?P7QAolrr  
  an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally,  +gndW   
         C            D ]OKKR/:  
  or yearly periods of light and darkness. ]nIVP   
分析:D错,应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中,daily和yearly是形容词,seasonally是副词,故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行 hZ<FCY,/?  
E?K(MT&@  
?j!/ Hc/b4  
第二、名词单复数的平行 uh)f/)6  
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 yP@#1KLa+  
p'/%"  
例:The main advertising media include direct mail, o~:({  
  A     B          C   78Zb IL  
  radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. UG}"OBg/  
                 D   )J\ JAUj  
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。 ]a~gnz&1  
=%FhY^-  
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, ,+n {xI2  
                   A         B ,`ehR6b  
  and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world. XHuHbriI  
      C          D @DR?^ qp  
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have <m`Os2#  
n)]u|qq  
第三、时态的平行 ]CnT4[f!  
例:The poet Marianne Moore was initially associated %8% 0l*n'  
                A     $kQQdF  
  with the imagist movement , but later develops < M3&\  
                   B NzID [8`  
  her own thyme patterns and verse forms. Q@l.p-:^U  
          C    D Z oKXao  
分析:B错,应改为developed。句中前半部分谓语为过去时,与之并列的谓语也应用过去时。 ?0+J"FH# W  
~rz%TDX0\  
例:Because the papaya grows readily from seed , ----- 7}e{&\0=l  
  spread from its home in Central America and 2I~a{:O  
  now grows throughout the tropics. DVyxe}  
   (A) to be    (B) it   8nRxx`U\q  
   (C) the     (D) its G?yG|5.pU  
分析:正确答案为(B)。空格前是原因状语从句,后面紧接着是谓语动词,空格处明显缺主句主语。四个选项中只有B能单独作主语。注意spread是过去式,没有数的变化,因为这一动作明显发生在过去时间。spread 和grows为什么时态可以不平行呢? Ba|76OBRJ  
原来它在Central America 的家乡传播,现在在整个地方传播,now只修饰后面的grow ZEU /6.  
Nf{tC9l  
例:Ducks have been domesticated for many centuries ---- o{ \r1<D  
  commercially for their meat and eggs. a s?)6  
   (A) raised   (B) and are raised %MUwd@,  
   (C) raised as  (D) are raised T .L>PL ?=  
分析:正确答案为B。空格前是一个完整的句子,根据一个空格处如再出现谓语动词一定要有连词这一原则,B为惟一符合条件的选项。故选(B)。 *e-+~/9~  
{f)"F;]V  
第四、排列位置的平行 V\o& {7!  
例:---the surface of metal, but also weakens it. @46 0r  
   (A) Not only does rust corrode DWRq \`P  
   (B) Not only rust corrodes  !|S{e^WhbU  
   (C) Rust, which not only corrodes BIjQ8 t  
   (D) Rust not only corrodes yY42+%P  
分析:正确答案为D。从but also放在动词前可知,not only也须置于动词前,故选D。A、B中的Not only位置放错了,C使句子缺主句,故排除。 h/n&& J  
[S!_ubP5  
对于not only, but also的用法有以下几种: _!*??B6u  
 1、主语+not only +谓语,but also+谓语,正确;例如上面例题中的第四个选项。 P G/xX H  
 2、Not only +主谓,but also+主谓,正确 t<2B3&o1  
 3、Not only +主语+谓语,but also+谓语,错误 P 6|\ ^  
$>fMu   
八、词序的颠倒 PxHH h{y%c  
词序的颠倒一般只考一道,90%的情况集中于下面三个出题方向 Lk|%2XGO&  
(一) 先说形容词,再说名词 r8E)GBH-|  
例:The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage +8 AGs,  
              A    B        ^/kn#1H 7&  
  that can be given to any individual in the United States. +MfdZD  
      C       D    l4sFT)}-J  
分析:B错,军事的荣誉是military award而不是award military,单个形容词修饰名词时一般放在被修饰词的前面。 KGsH3{r  
WU -_Y^  
SGREpOlJ+  
(二) 副词+形容词+名词 *3A[C-1~.  
例:Certain types of computers work properly only crt )}L8-  
          A      B     ?m?DAd~ZY  
  in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. ul$^]ZWkI  
    C         D aAr gKM f  
分析:D错,应改为precisely controlled,精确的被控制的温度。controlled为过去分词用作形容词,修饰它的副词应放在其前面,它自己则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。 KU> $=Rd  
^$7Lmd.qI  
VE<&0d<  
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语 Lii,L}  
&ESE?{of)  
例:During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were e.<$G'  
          A   B     C   f<V#Yc(U }  
  in what is now the United States. 6p X[m{  
    D v:MJF*/  
分析:C错,应改为were scarce。表语应该放在系动词后面。 &!uN N|W  
<(YmkOS+  
所有的系动词分为三大类: ][|)qQ %V  
第一种:表示保持某种状态, .~+I"V{y F  
    is, remain, keep, stay, w a!g/ \  
    lie, exit(表示位于) q^ {Xn-G  
第二种,从一种状态转变到另一种状态 z:hY{/-  
    become, turn, grow, >;N0( xB  
    get (It is getting warmer and warmer) ~ N+bD  
;O*y$|+PA  
第三种,感官动词 X&1R6 O  
    seem(好像是) jlV~-}QKb7  
    look(看起来好像是) NrE&w H:  
    feel, sound, appear, smell, taste b]v.jgD  
enough修饰形容词或副词时,一般放在形容词或副词后面。 E?o1&(2p  
例: The eruptions of Mt. St. Helens were enough severe M^\#(0^2@  
    A               B     1us-ootsjP  
   to cause numerous deaths. tN&x6O+@  
        C   D  lHBk&UN'  
分析:B错,应改为sever enough。severe是形容词, enough放在severe后面。 d`D<PT(\  
Ht UFl  
九、词性的混用 %oas IiO  
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。 F6*n,[5(  
!/W[6'M#p  
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用 nPp\IE}:  
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词; UD|Qa  
fD3}s#M*G  
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high a % "mgCB  
          A        B      hnM?wn  
  mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and 8A{n9>jrb  
              C 0xbx2jlkY  
  when they are in captivity they breed poorly. l+BJh1^  
          D ,bhOIuep3  
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的) tMxa:h;/x  
3+mC96wN  
@= f2\hU  
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用 m6J7)Wp  
后面加宾语当然要用动名词 Tw BwqQ)t  
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds kwRXNE(k]_  
         A       B      S(kj"t*3  
  and keeping the soil in the best condition to !Z978Aub3&  
          C        _5'OQ'P2  
  help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. UR|UGldt_T  
            D (q'w"qj  
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。 XQAdb"`  
4.)hCb  
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, iM;7V*u  
            A       t(69gF\"  
   was concerned with the depicting the experience of .v<c_~y  
      B      C o@TxDG  
   urban Black people in the United States. t2Dx$vT*&  
   D e;KZTH;  
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。 ("(:wYR%  
<Z%iP {  
SE= 3`rVJ  
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用 yi`Z(j;  
表示时间有两种可能, MNURYA=  
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子 RUHQ]@d#T  
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词, ? n o.hf  
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况 xE(VyyR  
T_ ifDQX;  
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence lWj{pyZ  
       A     B     ]$[J_f*x  
  were made while the American Civil War. 49b#$Xq  
   C    D ~_C[~-  
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。 kL;sA'I:S  
GtcY){7  
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the mY9^W 2:  
   A      B           C    3=w$1.B d  
  history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen. f\+MnZ4[Qj  
          D vto^[a6?  
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。 (jYHaTL6Y'  
ER0nrTlB<  
LGx]z.30B  
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用 K=x>%6W7b  
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。 r7w1~z  
~"eos~AuW  
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social ]`%}Q  
                   A     !#0Lo->OO  
  work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations. *?'nA{a)E  
     B   C    D @~pIyy\_  
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。 'TWZ@8h~  
YTH3t] &  
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples E,5XX;|  
   A        B   C      oujg( ^E  
  easily under the stress of compression. 7: 7i}`O  
   D m\QUt ;  
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的 o^P/ -&T  
];& @T\Rj  
H4C]%Q  
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用 v x qsK  
zu8   
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine ]PWK^-4P  
    A         B pVgzUu7  
  article that gives personal comments on current events. u#9H  
          C            D %JUD54bBt  
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。 vv0A5p8H  
S]_iobWK  
HRX}r$  
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, IM-O<T6r[N  
         A FbH 1yz  
  which produce sound from the vibration of the strings. } a#RX$d&  
   B      C      D |~)!8N.{  
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。 }N @8zB~X  
0hJ,l.  
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词 v6uXik  
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200; 0?@;zTE0  
two hundred diligent students
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