加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 高分语法讲解2
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

高分语法讲解2

考点四 名词(词组)作定语 qUtlh,4)  
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题 La'XJ|>V  
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等 5QUL-*t  
例题: ,O/ t6'  
(1) N3g\X  
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, P+nd?:cz  
 A                       B Rz9IjL.Z  
is a prosperous trading and distribute center. aoVfvz2Y  
   C         D FpM0%   
答案: D 0'0GAh2  
应改为: distribution/ distributing. tjTnFP/=  
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯 hMvLx>q3)  
(2) Pwg?a  
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. B)}.%G*  
   A  B      C         D Y<0R5rO  
答案: D NhYce>  
应改为: color (TJ )Y7E  
解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 !O }^Y  
 &@h(6  
W2F*+M  
第二章 形容词 S)$iHBx{  
&3_.k  
形容词即strong, attractive等描述性的词汇,在句中主要作定语修饰名词,同时还可作表语、宾语补足语等成分 *kE<7  
tlJ@@v&=  
第一节 形容词修饰名词 i~0x/wSl_  
$\A=J  
形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词,如:modern art, electric current, great responsibility;这一考点在TOEFL改错题占有相当的比例,几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词,主要形式是将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等 BL^\"Xh$|  
例题: }5qpiS"V9  
(1) qRnD{g|{1  
The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. /\0g)B ;]  
       A  B   C          D Z&W*@(dX  
答案:C cA8A^Iv:0  
应改为:certain. 'NYW`,  
解释:certainty是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些 6I!B>V#U+  
(2) p]E\!/  
Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. aoP=7d|K/  
  A       B         C   D sm?V%NX&  
答案:C 0Mu6R=s  
应改为:visual. z iTE*rNJ  
解释:vision是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词 BDiN*.w5  
注意1:大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句话: !/RL.`!>  
The man was awake. !}pvrBS  
There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake不能做定语) =Y`e?\#`  
这类形容词包括: alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable G~nQR qv  
例题: VSLi{=#  
(1) (R|Ftjs .  
Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means >,}SP;  
     A                 B        C Lh rU fy  
of on-the-spot, alive reports. wx[Y2lUh6  
       D GA+#'R  
答案: D &r0U9J  
应改为:live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的) p|9Eue3j2  
解释:alive不能做定语, 只能做表语,所以应该改为live reports (现场报道) ZXH{9hxd  
(2) dk>qTY+j5  
Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also  XkRPD  
 A              B               C X-k$6}D  
gather data from documentary and oral sources. =+ALh-  
                 D 9AP."RV  
答案: A *wp>a?sG\  
应改为:like y^ [?F>wB  
解释:alike不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL改错中常考的考点 '1vm]+oM   
注意2:形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉. #fT<]j(  
如:a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents等, HIsB)W&%@  
注意3:形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL考点之一。 当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格)并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题, PQvpJFpb~h  
一般来说:这个排序的规则是: G/4~_\YMq  
冠词(a, an, the)/所有格(my, your等)/指示代词(this, that等) + 数量形容词 + 描述性形容词 + 名词 `Bzj DI:a  
如: two young American students hF`Qs  
    my three red pencils &e)V!o@wJV  
第二节 比较级 EK2mJCC|  
英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: gn)>(MG  
在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等; h[i@c`3 /2  
或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等 EZJ[+ -Q;  
少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的), +nz 0ZQ9 a  
hQ\W~3S55  
N}CeQ'l[R  
考点一 含有标志词than \'.|7{Xu  
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象, 'mYUAVmSC#  
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train. oef]  
  She possesses more books than I do. R "qt}4m  
  He is more intelligent than I expected. |"aop|  
than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中, t{W u5<F:  
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级, `h='FJ/!  
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。 = -E%vnU  
例题: -)9aY.  
(1) cceh`s=cU  
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States. wo5fGQJ  
(A) coolest 4u E|$  
(B) the coolest Bmv5yc+;  
(C) cooler ?fX`z(Z  
(D) the cooler #L+ZHs~  
答案:A Odr<fvV,>  
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确 u?SxaGEa  
(2) e'2w-^7  
Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has. r<!/!}fE,  
           A   B              C     D d@ef+-  
答案:A D-Q54"^3  
应改为:more U*\ 1d  
解释:标志词than表明此句应用比较级,而不是最高级 Cuc+9  
2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来: >6gduD!6I  
情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分, IgEVz^W?h  
如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain. juB/?'$~  
   (that 指代the population) <])kO`+G  
  His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues. og`g]Z<I  
   (those 指代 designs) Nt~G  {m  
情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语) XGAR8=tic  
如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may ;CDa*(e  
    probably contribute more to the success of a play. +HEL^  
例题: zcOG[-  
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals. /2Bf6  
(A) than do yAQ)/u[|  
(B) that are having >S@><[C  
(C) which have K_-S`-eH  
(D) that do +T HBPEq  
答案:A eKe[]/}e9  
解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装 _ uZVlu@  
{4r }jH  
考点二 (not) so /as…as lh-zE5;  
比较级特殊句式(not)so/as…as 表示“如同……一样、不如……”等意思,其结构和than句式相仿,但as…as之间的形容词必须用原形,而且as…as必须搭配使用, h%&2M58:  
如:It is as good as it looks. 9^@#Ua  
  The boss is not so bad-tempered as you have described. R]NCD*~  
填空题中常给出句子的一部分(第一个as),要求填出相搭配的部分(第二个as),一定要形成对这种搭配句式的敏感。 M-A{{q   
例题: Ur(<  ]  
(1) 95*=& d  
The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----. ,yTT,)@<  
(A) possibly little nourishment j9|1G-CM  
(B) nourishment possibly little "(yw(/  
(C) little as possible nourishment ese?;1 r  
(D) little nourishment as possible z`!f'I--!  
答案:D >+Y@rj2  
解释:空格处需要动词have的宾语,同时包含as…as句式,A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构,C语序有误,均可排除。D中as…as possible, 为固定用法, 意为“尽可能”. jR"ACup(  
(2) ^F87gow%`B  
There is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ---- 400,000 B.C. W"H(HA  
(A) so early CzI/Z+\  
(B) the earliest AizLzR$OG  
(C) as early as v|:TYpku3  
(D) so early that |\N))K-2D  
答案:C ( \7Yo^  
解释:依句意空格处需要“早在”这一意思的正确表达,只有C符合题意,用的是比较级特殊句式as...as DS=Dg@y  
c> ":g~w  
考点三 the same…as Xd'B0kQaT  
此句式也常用来表示“和……一样”,the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用, +,J!xy+~,  
如:She looks just the same as before. *u!l"0'\  
  I got the same feeling as you did. gCM(h[7A  
改错题中常将此句式误用为the same…like /than, 要练就一双火眼金睛将其识别出来 Gy!bPVe  
例题: a4eE/1  
(1) 0[1/#0$  
Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier bodies, C0;:")6~  
         A       B          C x%55:8{  
shorter tails, and longer bills. gk4DoOj#P  
            D z/|tsVK  
答案:B 3j w4#GW  
应改为:as. RT"JAJTi/  
解释:the same as是固定搭配, 表示“与...一样” / \5u-o)  
(2) e.]k4 K  
Due to sophisticated transportation networks, people can now buy the same types of :@J.!dokF  
  A                 B    .>@]Im  
perishable goods in Toronto like in New York City. :{~TG]4M  
   C          D 9tIE+RD  
答案:D 7?2<W-n  
应改为:as _tfi6UQ&lY  
解释:与the same相搭配的只有as, like不行 R^Y _i  
Pi=B\=gs  
考点四 the more…,the more… @vvGhJ1m`  
此句式常表示“越……越……”,more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行省略, "^5%g%  
如:The more she slept, the less comfortable she felt. 2,G 9~<t  
  The greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot.  y-)5d  
填空题中常需填入两个分句之一,因此看到the more结构,要注意选与其结构相近的另一半the more句式 lVS.XQ2<  
例题: g I4Rku  
(1) <[tU.nh  
The greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. MO_;8v~0  
(A) the greater the need there is SaA-Krn  
(B) greater need a<&GsDw  
(C) is there great need 2~QN#u|UC3  
(D) the great need ~P!%i9e_  
答案:A Dh .<&ri   
解释:这是典型的 “the more…, Y$ '6p."=  
B-[qS;PY%  
xRm~a-rp  
the more…” 句式, 意为 “越…, 越…” 其逗号前后两部分结构要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒装, A 完全符合要求. C D 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二个比较级; B 少定冠词the. 此句亦可改写为: If there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. fnn /akGKI  
(2) h|[oQ8)  
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body. d8M8O3  
(A) the stress it is greater U].3vju`c  
(B) greater is the stress | gP%8nh'C  
(C) greater stress is }vt>}%%  
(D) the greater the stress #\gx.2W7  
答案:D GA2kg7  
解释:此句涉及比较级的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后结构平行,当谓语一致时,后面的可省略,符合要求的只有D d2Ox:| <)  
Ep1p>s^  
考点五 no longer /not…any longer 8U7X/L  
no longer /not…any longer和no more/not…any more都表示“不再……”, Iz[wrtDI 1  
如:He no longer smokes. / He doesn't smoke any longer. OQh4 MN#$  
注意no longer /not…any longer不要混用,no more /not…any more同理,这一句式在改错题中出现。 ~a` vk@8  
例题: *&~wl(+O=  
(1) - *~~ 00w  
  Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio .?*TU~S  
          A           B      ZMmf!cKY:'  
 continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level. d^^EfWU  
    C                           D ]TIBy "3  
答案:A i[m-&   
应改为:no longer. i=X B 0-  
解释:根据句意此处应为否定“不再是 ...”,英文中有两种方式表达此意, no longer / not...any longer, 此句只能采用前者, 若用后者语序应为: it is not the big business that it was in the forties any longer
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 中级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2007-09-22   
周一继续
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
5+2=? 正确答案:7
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交