考点四 名词(词组)作定语 i U"2uLgb
名词修饰名词作定语的现象在英语中也屡见不鲜, 此时前面的名词相当于形容词的作用, 只是依英语习惯决定究竟用名词还是形容词作定语, TOEFL有少量题涉及这一问题 8{4SaT.-Rm
这样的词语有:word order(词序), taxi driver(出租车司机)等 C
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例题: *e,GX
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(1) .o(S60iH!(
Situated in the heart of a grain-farming and livestock-raising region, Abilene, Kansas, s:zz8oN
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is a prosperous trading and distribute center. HRg< f= oz
C D 1ir~WFP
答案: D nnZM{<!hF
应改为: distribution/ distributing. )0XJOm
解释: 动词distribute不能修饰名词center,可改用名词或分词, 但此题中名词distribution作定语更符合英文习惯 W&=F<n`
(2) b wqd`C
Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. ,Pj UlcO_
A B C D W [B;;"ro
答案: D #`qP7E w
应改为: color
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解释: 此处名词color作effects的定语无需用复数, 意为色彩效果 _>u0vGF-
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第二章 形容词 ,M0#?j>
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形容词即strong, attractive等描述性的词汇,在句中主要作定语修饰名词,同时还可作表语、宾语补足语等成分 ^3lEfI<pBm
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第一节 形容词修饰名词 I?X!v6
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形容词最主要的功能就是修饰名词,如:modern art, electric current, great responsibility;这一考点在TOEFL改错题占有相当的比例,几乎每套题都包含一道以上的题目考形容词修饰名词,主要形式是将本应该使用形容词的位置误用为名词、副词等 ZIp"X
例题: \9%RY]TK3
(1) C@OY)!x!
The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. I%tJLdL
A B C D )^]1j$N=3
答案:C kpx2e2C|
应改为:certain. LgJUMR8vUO
解释:certainty是名词, 意为确定性, 不能修饰名词, 改为形容词certain, 表示某些 v~KgCLo
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Textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. V[fcP;
A B C D TKrh3
答案:C g3kF&+2i
应改为:visual. &? z6f9*$
解释:vision是名词, 不能修饰名词qualities, 要用它的形容词 ES9|e
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注意1:大多数形容词既可以做定语也可以做表语, 有少数形容词一般情况下只能做表语, 比较下面两句话: _28vf Bl?
The man was awake. 7#9yAS+x(
There was an awake man. (此句错误, awake不能做定语) e!p?~7
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这类形容词包括: alone, afraid, alike, alert, aware, alive, ashamed, content, unable X.FFBKjf[e
例题: a6 epew!2
(1) xyPz_9
Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means SJsRHQ
A B C (@ixV$Y
of on-the-spot, alive reports. $^louas&
D xZ(f_Oy
答案: D k \V6q9*
应改为:live (adj. 现场的, 实况转播的) x$;kA}gy
解释:alive不能做定语, 只能做表语,所以应该改为live reports (现场报道) 6U[bAp
(2) Av"^uevfs
Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also WJF#+)P:Y
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gather data from documentary and oral sources. ]}HuK#
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答案: A ^E= w3g&
应改为:like _NkbB"+L
解释:alike不能做定语, 只能做表语; alike/like 是TOEFL改错中常考的考点 61=D&lb
注意2:形容词词组修饰名词时要发生后置现象, 避免产生头重脚轻的感觉. 6%t>T~x
如:a room bare of furniture, the form dependent of the contents等, 18];fC
注意3:形容词修饰名词的语序也是TOEFL考点之一。 当多个形容词(甚至包括指示代词, 冠词和所有格)并列放置于名词之前时, 它们之间就存在着谁排在前面, 谁排在后面的问题, <