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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 U07 G&? /  
U??T>  
考点一 最高级的形式 K|a ^<| S  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: g %e"KnU  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; l< DpcLX  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive B* hW  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. s/+k[9l2  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. E0lro+'lS  
例题: XX9u%BZ~  
(1) \9Yc2$dY  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular ;,&$ob*/  
    A                          B wOg?.6<Kxa  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. O_~vl m<#  
 C          D 0*4h}t9j  
答案:A l,w$!FnmR  
应改为:easiest. QRw/d}8l  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 uK!G-1   
二、没有等级的形容词 dH[TnqJn  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 +<TnE+>j  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: ,x]xtg?  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 >P_/a,O8  
例题: rL9u7) x  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. EWZ?q$  
(A) most unique <<iwJ U%:  
(B) unique &X%vp?p  
(C) least unique [(d))(M$|  
(D)very unique 3{/Y&/\"'^  
答案: B 3mCf>qj73  
g=q1@)  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 %@Ow.7zh  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: x<lY&KQ0  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant ,+mH1#-3  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: =TcT`](o  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience #J_+ SL[  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 BnwYyh  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. +yO^,{8SE  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 4eh~/o&h  
例题: Q}qw` L1  
(1) qwd7vYBc,  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. Fr{}~fRW<  
  A  B         C              D {<J(*K*\Jo  
答案: D Dmq_jt  
应改为: form the largest A-GU:B  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the )i$:iI >k  
*ke9/hO1i  
考点三 范围词  8-.jf  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ^U@-Dp,k+  
例题: q8-*3K  
(1) g6V>_|  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to 3`%U)gCT5  
            A            B        YuVg/ '=  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. |w)S &+  
         C    D ;mtv  
答案:C ?K>=>bS^h  
应改为:longest. 6f^q >YP  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 RX6s[uQ  
考点四 most的其他用法 ^PrG5|,s  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: r{1xjAT  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: b xFDB^  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; xmp^`^v*  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists UX!)\5-  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: !c#~g0H+  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal hOH DXc"  
例题: Pi&8!e<  
(1) gPYF2m  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. q(iM=IeiN  
   A        B   C     D `^#V1kRmH  
答案:A trAIh}Dj  
应改为:Most #lo1GoL\  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 3<vw#]yL  
(2) V ub ($  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds +\@}IKWl-?  
   A       B              C cq-UVk"Gl  
 of other cereal plants. k6|wiSyu  
  D 5$;#=WAY  
答案:A "1X@t'H38  
应改为:most. W:V:Ej7 h  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 O77bm,E  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 nPh| rW=  
$<QOMfY>  
the end.  p; k7\7  
第三章 副词 c^a D r  
H1^m>4ll9  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 [<H'JsJl  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 +`D,7"{Eu  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 vD@ =V#T  
t=B>t S.hO  
第一节 副词修饰动词 QW[ gDc  
 6^vseVx  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 dnXre*rhz  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) ~[H+,+XLY+  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) D Xjw"^x  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) q` Z_Bw  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 5l]G1+  
例题: Z'F=Xw6;b  
(1) :\sz`p?EC  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the g$P<`.  
             A        B    C zUNWcv!& "  
 1870's or thereabouts. 40ZHDtIu<  
      D byrK``f  
答案:C ,|u^-J@  
应改为:commercially p A|Z%aL  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 F4T}HY>nZ  
(2) Q+ tUxa+  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. hynX5,p;.  
(A) facially dYP-QUM$7  
(B) their faces uOU?-WtPz  
(C) having facial xP+HdA2X  
(D) they had faces eq<giHJM  
答案:A (Z{&[h  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 a9<&|L <  
Ta 0Ln  
第二节 程度副词much等 KTzkJx  
\8 ~`NF  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. T+9#&  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. 6L\?+=X  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 qwz_.=5E6  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; Ev'Bm Dk  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, )X dpzWod  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; 7G^`'oZ  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) fQ@k$W\  
例题: Z\@m_ /g  
(1) hj8S#  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. |x[zzx# >-  
   A    B   C    D yhBf%m  
答案:C @&7|Laa  
应改为:much faster |KM<\v(A{  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much w N-np3k  
(2) !x, ;&  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm 0i4 X,oHjG  
        A                 B GOx+%`.R\  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. @H?_x/qBT  
          C     D jZ;dY~fE  
答案:B m3La;%aA0  
应改为:more. &;D(VdSr9  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant KG5h$eM'  
(3) w=r3QKm#K  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals `(RQh @H  
         A          B      C 5tIM@,.I/  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. _ B5t)7I  
            D 2`-yzm  
考点:程度副词 2I 2#o9(Ar  
答案:D )AX0x1I|E  
应改为:still more eTV%+  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, (Nky?*  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 '_~X(izc  
(4) 5K~kzR L$r  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a q66+x)  
        A      B          C      D E%f;Z7G  
swan's. ; U)a)l'y  
考点:程度副词 2hjR'6h"Y  
答案:A t5%\`Yo?  
应改为:little IQZBH2R  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little ,@_$acm  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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