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主题 : 语法3(未完 )
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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 lbB.*oQ  
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考点一 最高级的形式 %9QMzz5  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: &R'w-0k_  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; nxyjL)!)0  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 8 _4l"v p  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. !f\?c7  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. VelB-vy&  
例题: qukjS#>+  
(1) ~JwpNJs  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular G{NSAaD[  
    A                          B "Y G\  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. a{]g+tGH  
 C          D mW~i c  
答案:A (px*R~}  
应改为:easiest. U @.u-)oX  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 c q*p9c  
二、没有等级的形容词 ZjU=~)O}H  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 JsmbW|t^  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: F8{ldzh  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 6IEUJ-M Z  
例题: L]k*QIn:h  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. &sm @  
(A) most unique (jM<T;4  
(B) unique uu}a:qrY  
(C) least unique T>#TDMU#Fm  
(D)very unique [O^ }rUqq  
答案: B uuu\f*<  
:3*`IB !  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 \Y*!f|=of  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: A)8rk_92Q  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant R=`U4Ml;  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: SK's!m:r=  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience +x(YG(5\w  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 y:Z$LmPc<  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. P,(9cyS{  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. r+o_t2_b*  
例题: X$/E>I  
(1) >f>V5L%1  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. M9gOoYf,~  
  A  B         C              D eaEbH2J  
答案: D 8Bq-0=E  
应改为: form the largest Q\H_t)-  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the sr\cVv")  
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考点三 范围词 fTBVvY4(  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 mxgqS =`  
例题: {t&*>ma6)  
(1)  012Lwd  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ]a M-p@  
            A            B        xWDR72 6  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. avg4K*vv  
         C    D `g--QR  
答案:C $(3uOsy   
应改为:longest. )AI?x@  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 "e@n:N!  
考点四 most的其他用法 iA9 E^  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: ~T% Ui#Gc  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: Ls1B \Aw_  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; FNC[59   
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists UU[H@ym#  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: D^|9/qm$  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal `Ug tvo  
例题: ->h5T%sn  
(1) ;g+]klR!  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. J'e]x[Y  
   A        B   C     D ~@D/A/|  
答案:A b!^@PIX  
应改为:Most wx*1*KZ  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. 9,scH65x  
(2) i$C-)d]  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 'OD) v  
   A       B              C  m*dNrG  
 of other cereal plants. -uj3'g (;w  
  D FshC )[w,  
答案:A s6n`?,vw  
应改为:most. Q+'nw9:;T  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 ~x#vZ=]8  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的  Gq1)1  
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the end. +D`*\d1  
第三章 副词 X#`dWNrN  
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 pRrHuLj^  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 <cj{Qk  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 +qy 6d7^  
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第一节 副词修饰动词 :c=.D;,  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 "@yyXS r  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) !YE zFU`L  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) `q_<Im%I  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) Z h'&-c_J  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 ^RNOcM|  
例题: g 7n "  
(1)  yWb4Ify  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the Md&WJ };L  
             A        B    C ahGT4d`)9  
 1870's or thereabouts.  v~=\H  
      D ^sClz*%?  
答案:C ,:GN;sIXg  
应改为:commercially 7x k|+!  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 1@q gF  
(2) lr3 mE  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. +ts0^;QO2{  
(A) facially 0xMj=3']  
(B) their faces L:R<e#kgS  
(C) having facial j.|U=)E  
(D) they had faces VR0=SE  
答案:A N#k61x  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 DBgMC"_   
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第二节 程度副词much等 0.;}]v  
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. ] d?x$>  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. #Dy?GB08  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 K8[DZ)rO;Z  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; iK;opA"  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, MMQ;mw=^]  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; V5mTu)tp5  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) `V!>J 1x  
例题: 0L-!! c3  
(1) A\sI<WrH  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. zsQoU&D 5  
   A    B   C    D n1v5Q2xw  
答案:C 9pSUIl9|j  
应改为:much faster }}{Yw  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much ko\):DN  
(2) :k=mzO<&  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm =:I+6PlF@  
        A                 B []pN$]+c  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. X$n(-65  
          C     D 0 p uY"[c  
答案:B Xyx"A(v^l  
应改为:more. }"s;\?a  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant 42C<1@>zO  
(3) P:xT0g tt  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals &, a3@i  
         A          B      C 6" B%)0  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. g_.^O$}  
            D EG<s_d?  
考点:程度副词 chI.{Rj  
答案:D Lxl_"k G  
应改为:still more $.E6S<(h  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, 'DbMF?<.  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 Vm1-C<V9  
(4) z?]G3$i(  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a V|D] M{O  
        A      B          C      D &:#h$`4  
swan's. xyh.N)  
考点:程度副词 ki]ti={12  
答案:A ~.g3ukt  
应改为:little ts~{w; c  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little u{H?4|'(  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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