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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级 rvx2{ 1}I  
\[!{tbK`2  
考点一 最高级的形式 Y"ta`+ VJ  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: |`yU \  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; ^G qO>1U  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive S#CaJ}M  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. TlO=dLR7d  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. l`75BR  
例题: },<Y \  
(1) 5k=04=Iyh#  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular aeYz;&K  
    A                          B b L.Xb y<Y  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. {OQ)Np!  
 C          D )4o k@^.  
答案:A 0LGHSDb  
应改为:easiest. aA%x9\Y  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 Oo!]{[}7  
二、没有等级的形容词 '[[IalQ?  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ?iaO+G&|  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: EE9eG31|r  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 u#ocx[  
例题: SbtZhg=S_  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. 2_6@&2  
(A) most unique %@I= $8j  
(B) unique 7*+tG7I @  
(C) least unique .%\R L/  
(D)very unique C;Kq_/l  
答案: B >(gbUW  
)C#>@W  
考点二 最高级前的限定词 ) Cm95,Y  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: g s%[Cv  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant n}J!?zZc  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: w\>@ > *E>  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience G'iE`4`2  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 T\TKgO=)  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. 9'O@8KB_  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. AR)A <  
例题: X<:Zx#J?i  
(1) iB*1Yy0DC  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. $btk48a7  
  A  B         C              D X> V`)  
答案: D i)M JP *  
应改为: form the largest T:VFyby\w  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the 7eyx cr;z  
bP1]:^ x@W  
考点三 范围词 hODq& 9!  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 ft Rza  
例题: Ehg(xK  
(1) 2~!+EH  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to {GQRJ8m  
            A            B        b,-qyJW6  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. f/%Q MhM:  
         C    D [ UYE.$Y#(  
答案:C r( 8!SVX  
应改为:longest. {*t0WE&1t  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 PuGc{kt  
考点四 most的其他用法 I&|J +B?#  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: KVZ-T1K  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: h YE UiQ  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; eeu;A, @U  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 6PdLJ#LS  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: &_ W~d0  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal dxK3462  
例题: 1?,1EYT"  
(1) kYnp$8  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. >dYN@cB$}  
   A        B   C     D \<0xg[  
答案:A qEajT"?  
应改为:Most ?{rpzrc!*  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. \ _l4li  
(2) 3:"w"0[K3  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds 5VjO:>  
   A       B              C #b wGDF  
 of other cereal plants. %_%Bb Qf  
  D W*r1Sy  
答案:A 2uLBk<m5c  
应改为:most. LDh,!5G-M  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 \[&&4CN{  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 ve^gzE$<I  
t-Uo  
the end. 7KL@[  
第三章 副词 $i@I|y/  
"p]!= "\  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 pp@O6   
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 |y pX O3  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 mDx=n.lIz  
>t{-_4Yv?  
第一节 副词修饰动词 r @}N6U~*  
$0k7W?tu  
修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 q%LjOPE V  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) n? U^vK_  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) 8L+A&^qx  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) ZZL@UO>:  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 mfG m>U  
例题: wX$|(Y }  
(1) hw.>HT|.N  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the \KzH5?  
             A        B    C plp-[eKcD  
 1870's or thereabouts. o2'Wu:Y"  
      D zvVo-{6  
答案:C YYT#{>&  
应改为:commercially #4lIna%VX  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 TQmrL  
(2) .# -F@0a  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. ~\AF\n%  
(A) facially co3\1[q"b  
(B) their faces _Z!@#y@j  
(C) having facial WubV?NX;EF  
(D) they had faces KbtV>  
答案:A jS~Pdz  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 Y#XRn _2D  
!& >`  
第二节 程度副词much等 }ePl&-9T  
* dw.Ug  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. n\l?+)S *  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. UJSIbb5  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 T"W<l4i-  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; >e>3:~&2  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, xF8n=Lc  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; Vv}R S@4U  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) {9U!0h-2"  
例题: TXmS$q   
(1) o5tCbsHj-  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. () _RLA  
   A    B   C    D w}>%E6UY  
答案:C 7@fS2mu  
应改为:much faster II=`=H{  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much v'@gUgC  
(2) 0\tac/  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm (XO=W+<'  
        A                 B 5wx_ol}2  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. lPR=C0h}@  
          C     D w*VN =  
答案:B NZvgkci_(u  
应改为:more. AOR?2u  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant F?Lt-a+  
(3) ,<rC,4-F<  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals 1&=)Bxg4  
         A          B      C =OH X5:Z  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. eJ?oz^  
            D odhS0+d^  
考点:程度副词 loVg{N :  
答案:D $gUlM+sK  
应改为:still more #DUfEZ  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, M&V'*.xz  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 BPO5=]W 7  
(4) ..)J6L5l  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a k H.dtg_  
        A      B          C      D %~!4DXrMk  
swan's. !Y~UO)u2  
考点:程度副词 uHgq"e  
答案:A |.N[NY  
应改为:little _Si=Jp][  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little )5}<@Ql  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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