第三节 最高级 }.'rhR+
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考点一 最高级的形式 bW!
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一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: j%y{d(Q4
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; `)cH(Rj
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive 8kdJtEW3
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. d8agM/F*/
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. z7AWWr=H
例题: ZQfPDH=
(1) 9)W &y
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The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular b FajK;
A B qF`6l(
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ~AYl eM
C D *-5N0K<kQ
答案:A I-g/)2
应改为:easiest. mgVYKZWL-i
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 'n-y*f
二、没有等级的形容词 7XyCl&Dc:
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 ^5Lk}<utw
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: }]mxKz
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词
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例题: VS
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Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. :yD>Tn;1
(A) most unique a=j'G]=
(B) unique 1VM2CgR a
(C) least unique io+V4m
(D)very unique $+7uB-KsU
答案: B _,T
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 9|}Pf_5]%[
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: sNo8o1Hby
the most important thing, the biggest elephant .nrllVG%`
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: h5@GeYda
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience mvZ#FF1,J
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 (n*:LS=0
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. /v+)#[]>
Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. ^HJ?k:u
例题: g5@g_~ g
(1) /gZyl|kdy
Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. I}
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A B C D 'V]&X.=zC
答案: D VWE>w|'
应改为: form the largest |R0f--;
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the ccHf+=
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考点三 范围词 'f-r 6'_ZX
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 fu^W# "{
例题: ;v:(
(1)
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The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to ;XurH%Mg
A B sCFxn
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. 2jFuF71
C D QJVbt
答案:C -r={P_E6
应改为:longest. GXtK3
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解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 |vI`u[P
考点四 most的其他用法 $eYL|?P50h
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: V\;Xa0
1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: N*o{BboK;
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; SO$Af!S:bB
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists \Oe
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2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: %f;dn<m=c
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal C`[<6>&y
例题: ,CfslhO{j
(1) 0[MYQl`
The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. s@F&N9o
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A B C D ~3F'X
答案:A 7Y5 r3a}%
应改为:Most 'ToE Y3
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. @+gr/Pul^
(2) >h\y1IrAaG
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds PI9,*rOy
A B C V`Cyx^P
of other cereal plants. DB/~Z
D o,6t:?Z
答案:A U#jz5<r
应改为:most. h?mDtMCw2
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 B9maz"lJ
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 mUBy*.
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the end. |oY{TQ<<d
第三章 副词 !eW1d0n'+f
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副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 my (@~'
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 a(gXvgrf[
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系 GX>8B:]o|
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第一节 副词修饰动词 yf&g\ke
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 8y
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例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) )UzJ2Pa<+_
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) L'+bVP{L
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) Nk'<*;e
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 roADC?@r
例题: [l}H:%O,
(1) cl& w/OJ#
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the )|~K&qn`
A B C
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1870's or thereabouts. nBy-/BU&
D >h7(kj:
答案:C DbMVbgz<e
应改为:commercially I9X\@lTf
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 <ToS&
(2) 6.
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According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. V:\:[KcL^
(A) facially zL"e .
(B) their faces 'O<b'}-A
(C) having facial dxeiN#(XT
(D) they had faces UmR)L!QT8
答案:A K[T0);hZR
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 +7.|1x;C
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第二节 程度副词much等 H:.~!
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程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. 9D3W _eIc
She's not a bit more rational than you were. Rw+r1vW:A
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 <B6md
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比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; M5I`i{Gw
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, EQyX!
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; ~XR('}5D
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) bxE~tsM"@Y
例题: byM%D$R
(1) $0V+<
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. \(Ma>E4PNU
A B C D ?mNB:-Q
答案:C $%EX~$=m]-
应改为:much faster Z_GGH2u
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much dA<%4_WZty
(2) sc*R
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Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm %pVsafV
A B "](Q2
regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. lf"w/pb'
C D L&6^(Bn
答案:B Ou[`)|>
应改为:more. vA6`};|
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant
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(3) 3I 0pHP5
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals .
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A B C `R0~mx&6G
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. B
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D 6aB]&WO1@
考点:程度副词 ^p(aZj3k
答案:D w6Gez~8
应改为:still more /)[-5n{
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, gw)z*3]~s
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 @vq)Y2)r\
(4) ;?q(8^A
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a Tu-lc)
A B C D DOu^
swan's. Rir0^XqG
考点:程度副词 .4]XR/I$
答案:A y)K Iz
应改为:little 6n/=n%US
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little rOOo42YW`
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅