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楼主  发表于: 2007-09-22   

语法3(未完 )

第三节 最高级  omg#[  
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考点一 最高级的形式 EUs9BJFP  
一、英文中表示最的概念时,形容词要变为最高级,其形式主要有两种: fZpi+I  
在词尾加-est (单音节形容词), 如:low-lowest, late-latest, lucky-luckiest, fit-fittest; LU;zpXg\  
或在词之前加most (多音节形容词), 如:most important, most sensitive OvQzMXU^I  
少数词最高级形式特殊,如:good(well)-best, bad(ill)-worst, many(much)-most, little-least, etc. q6rkp f,Tl  
TOEFL经常会出现这样的搭配: most highest, 这是不对的,hightest已经是最高级,前面当然不能在加most. h STcL:b   
例题: 2~\SUGW-  
(1) 1#c Tk  
The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular pTGGJ,  
    A                          B 1OExa<Zq  
dish with a small pocket at the bottom. @gb W:  
 C          D OQfFS+6  
答案:A f8[O]MrO;  
应改为:easiest. -5  
解释:easiest本身已是最高级, most纯属画蛇添足, 应去掉 (/<Nh7C1c  
二、没有等级的形容词 *<S>PbqLw  
有些形容词本身就具有“比….年长”、“ 比…..优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。 BFw_T3}zn  
有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如: $%cHplQz5  
absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词 pl3ap(/  
例题: zMA;1Na  
Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a ---- place in English literature. %m dtVQ@  
(A) most unique j24 3oD  
(B) unique izcaWt3 a  
(C) least unique r@C~_LgL)  
(D)very unique pD({"A.x9z  
答案: B O=+$X Pa|  
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考点二 最高级前的限定词 uarfH]T{  
(1) 形容级做定语时, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the ,如: MZ$uWm`/  
the most important thing, the biggest elephant DqQ p47kp  
但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the, 如: 8>[g/%W  
my latest hobby, her most interesting experience +={K -g7U  
(2) 形容词作表语时,最高级前通常不加限定词 }~+,x#  
如:She looks happiest whenever you are around. MAkr9AKb,  
    Excuse me, but I'm busiest at the moment. 9x@|%4Zm"  
例题: l[:Aq&[o3  
(1) WqF,\y%W*  
  Of all the Native Americans in the United States, the Navajos form largest group. M]r?m@)  
  A  B         C              D X8ap   
答案: D ujxr/8mjV  
应改为: form the largest -%"PqA/1zj  
解释: largest是最高级, 作group的定语, 之前必须加定冠词the =D$ED^W  
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考点三 范围词 dW4jkjap  
伴随最高级出现的往往有表示范围的词或短语,常用of 或among或 in 引导, 表示“在….之中”。 如:of all, in the world, in the country等, 在填空题的题干中包含表示范围的词时,空格处需填最高级 * $f`ouJl  
例题: 2.z-&lFBZ  
(1) `?Q p>t  
The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2, 020 miles from Maine to RN(I}]]a  
            A            B        .^{%hc*w4  
Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world. @M"gEeI9  
         C    D ).5 X  
答案:C Io.RT+slB  
应改为:longest. *7Q6b 4~"  
解释:本句有范围词in the world, 则定冠词the 之后应采用形容词最高级形式 \Vf:/9^  
考点四 most的其他用法 =Hd yra  
对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点: Zigv;}#  
1.       当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为: ]j*2PSJG  
most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; b4_0XmL  
most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 0MHiW=  
2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如: !e|\ 1v'0  
a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 0y9 b0 G  
例题: .Ima M  
(1) 1/Ts .\K3  
  The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. yQ2=d5'V`  
   A        B   C     D sApix=Lr  
答案:A C27:ty V  
应改为:Most W*C~Xba<  
解释:most只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加the. _B^zm-}8|B  
(2) WBE>0L  
The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds vamZKm~p  
   A       B              C >7> I1  
 of other cereal plants. k]@]a  
  D "bo0O7InOV  
答案:A (9'^T .J  
应改为:most. V"4Z9Qg}  
解释:the most 一般出现在最高级中, 此句most often为固定说法,意为经常 [C "\]LiX  
词汇:cereal: 谷类的 dVQ[@u1,  
X NJ4T]><  
the end. 'X?xn@?  
第三章 副词 i5 rkP`)j  
W$c@C02<  
副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词 &3Zq1o  
副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等 V%s g+D2  
副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系  0xB2  
h|qJ{tUWc$  
第一节 副词修饰动词 {a7~P0$  
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修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词 @]@|H?  
例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time. (谓语动词) &R94xh%@(  
It's inconvenient to contact him directly. (不定式中的动词) K;?D^n.  
Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式) .Bm%  
改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别 L|=5jn9 :  
例题: r\Nfq(w  
(1) y0* rY  
In the United States, sleds for recreation were first produced commercial in the gYKz,$  
             A        B    C OK [J h  
 1870's or thereabouts. AJPvwu}D  
      D b9.M'P\  
答案:C xnP!P2  
应改为:commercially t[^$F,  
解释:形容词commercial不能修饰谓语动词produce, 需改为副词 @YJI'Hf67  
(2) z|l*5@p  
According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows. uDF;_bli)H  
(A) facially OZ[YB  
(B) their faces V`V\/s gj  
(C) having facial &.?XntI9O  
(D) they had faces +a1x;  
答案:A ^t;z;.g  
解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语 o96C^y{~S  
wVf~FssN  
第二节 程度副词much等 HgI!q<)  
ccD+AGM.  
程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now. ._mep\#.:  
She's not a bit more rational than you were. UX 1 )((  
注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级 i|YS>Pw~j  
比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient, 而应该说more patient; jc} G+|`  
同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级, 0#q=-M/?`  
比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower; wj|Zn+{"nF  
例句:She is far better than me at English. ( 在英语方面她比我好的多) % RSZ.  
例题: sp9gz~Kq  
(1) M6Fo.eeK3  
Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. #YUaM< O  
   A    B   C    D I.2J-pu}  
答案:C _T=g?0 q  
应改为:much faster nla6QlFYn*  
解释:比较级more不能修饰比较级faster, 应改为程度副词much G dgL}"*F  
(2) c\bL_  
Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm B@,9Cx564  
        A                 B 8a)AuAi?!  
  regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic. $Y$9]G":  
          C     D "L~(%Nx3  
答案:B V5|ANt  
应改为:more. sdu?#O+c1  
解释:much作为形容词不能修饰另一个形容词, 而作副词时只能修饰形容词比较级, 如much better, much more expensive, 依句意是要将爬行动物在温带地区和寒带地区的分布加以对比, 因此改为比较级more abundant Rx%S<i;9  
(3) )P$(]{  
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals DE?v'7cmA  
         A          B      C p!.~hw9  
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. xad`- vw  
            D lame/B&nc  
考点:程度副词 yD WIflP0;  
答案:D 0.aXg"  
应改为:still more i`,FXF)  
解释:程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前, ]@q%dsz  
词汇:crust: 地壳 silicon: 硅 Lu.zc='\  
(4) lQA5HzC\  
A goose's neck is a tiny longer than that of a duck and not so gracefully curved as a %36x'Dn ?  
        A      B          C      D u\R?(G&  
swan's. : t ?B)  
考点:程度副词 ZWs   
答案:A 7y=>Wa?T[  
应改为:little A~ya{^ }  
解释:形容词tiny不能修饰比较级longer, 应改用程度副词a little <,d550GSm  
词汇:gracefully: 优雅地, swan: 天鹅
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