考点二 过去分词 ;89kL]
1. 过去分词作定语 LD ]-IX&L
与现在分词类似,过去分词作定语常可和定语从句替换, 通常表示被动的含义. ulxfxfd
如:a theory derived from rich experience +l^tT&s;f
= a theory that has been derived from rich experience hH 5}%/vF
a gas composed of four chemical elements x(._?5
= a gas that is composed of four chemical elements pd:7K'yaw
单个分词可放在被修饰词之前,如:distinguished guests, unexpected trouble jB(+9?;1${
改错题中常考现在分词和过去分词的混用,关键看被修饰词和分词代表的动作是主动还是被动关系。 "Yh;3tI4*
例如: boiling water (沸腾的水,表示正在沸腾); boiled water(开水, 表示已经烧开) 8'u9R~})
2. 同源现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
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有时一个动词词尾分别加上-ing和-ed就构成了一组同源现在分词和过去分词, 这样的例子在英语里很多, 如: interesting/interested, exciting/excited, disappointing/disappointed等, 这些由动词变化而来的分词已经被人们视为形容词了. 但是, 同源现在分词和过去分词做定语时有什么区别呢? /1MmOB
现在分词通常表示某个事物的特性, 通常用来修饰某事或某物, 含有“使人(令人)感到…”的意思, 如: an interesting novel, a confusing question等; GuO}CQs^W
过去分词通常表示人的感受或状态, 意思是“…的…”, 如: a worried look (焦虑的神情) sSZ)C|Q
试比较: an interesting boy (一个有趣的男孩 - 让人觉得很有趣) rz@qW2
an interested boy (一个产生了兴趣的男孩 I)rO|
同样, 当同源现在分词和过去分词做表语时, 在意思上也存在同样的区别, 如: IplOXD
The results are very disappointing. (结果很让人失望) ^FKiVKI:
We are very disappointed at the results. (我们对这样的结果很失望) Fp/{L
例题: ~ubvdQEW
(1) P9/ (f$ =
The University of Georgia, ----in 1785, was the first state supported university in the United States. fZ$b8
(A) chartered 5p (zhfuG
(B) was chartered 23wztEp{a
(C) it was chartered e0TYHr)X>3
(D) to be chartered M76p=*
答案:A j6GIB_
解释:本句主谓结构完整, 缺少的是主语的修饰成分, A构成过去分词短语作定语;B C 的动词结构与原句谓语冲突; D 不定式一般表示即将发生的动作, 与in 1785不符 V`y^m@U!
(2) 4.!1odKp
A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. uzBQK
A B C D (9Zvr4.f7
答案:C +/ZIs|B4,z
应改为:fixed F_Y]>,U
解释:fix是动词,不能修饰名词period, 依句意改为分词fixed, “一段固定时间” 7%y$^B
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(3) n93q8U6m/U
Closed plane figures like the square or the equilateral triangle can be grouped into a class ----polygons. )2&3D"V
(A) called 'z ?Hv
(B) to call xDo0bR(
(C) is called 1&|]8=pG7
(D) call as '^UHY[mX8
答案:A P8eCaZg?(3
解释:此句主谓完整, 句中又无连词, 需填的只可能是非谓语成分, A 是过去分词短语作定语, 等效于which is called, 符合题意. C D 属谓语结构, 与原句谓语冲突; B 不定式表用途或目的, 意思不通 WC#6(H5t$
3. 过去分词作状语 vGkemJ^/
过去分词也可放在句首、句中、句尾作句子的状语,常表示事件发生的背景或原因, iXDG-_K
如:Seen from far away, the islands look like a chain of pearls in the midst of the lake. qYK^S4L
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