考博英语语法重点总结 9.<d S
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ?vHow
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独立主格特征 y a!RiHj
1. 充当句子的状语。 =5NM
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 I\NiA>c
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Mx ?{[zT"
4. With + 名词 5k0r{^#M
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） h, |49~^@"
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. h @{U>U7
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ;D Mv?-H
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). D`nW9i7
真题剖析 B{ fP j9Y0
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. !PN;XZ~{
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because owClnp9K
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. zY f `o0U
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be C$X
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虚拟语气 ;#np~gL
虚拟语气（2） E?c)W A2iH
1. （should）+动词原形 `aY{$>$S
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 liEb(<$a
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 0qXkWGB
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 xrbDqA.b
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 \cq
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 } D5*
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) 5oz[Njq4
真题剖析 '}a[9v76
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . …
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47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t S5eQHef
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. =>oo B /
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded `Q2
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 1x+Y gL5
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take (>m3WI$d
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. Zmf\A
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) |;q*Zy(
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should A(y ^1Nm
非谓语动词 ~ei\~;n\@
动名词、分词、不定式。 oD,f5Ci-
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 3=9yR* *
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) (;=:Qj aoZ
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 gvYib`#
真题剖析 620y[iiK$
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. T*>n
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops :<d\//5<9
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. d>:(>@wz
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative po_||NIY
主谓一致 0 A[p3xE\
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 07-S%L7Z
How you got there doesn’t concern me. j(G}4dib
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !]Z> T5$
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 -bSe=09;S|
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. GP ;c$pC
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 W5*%n]s~
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 FQ?,&s$Bmd
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ~T<#HSR`
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 1QM*oj:
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. /B"h #v-o
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) f&t]O$
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） -i|qk`Y
He no less than John is interested in literature. |E!()j=
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ~u1ox_v`%(
Either my father or my brothers are coming. YKLh$
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 5bFE;Y;
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ayyn6a8
真题剖析 c ;e-[F 7
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. =<(:5ive
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 1Nw&Z0MI
倒装 oM-{)rvQd
全部倒装 @/yRE^c
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” %([$v6
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There stand big buildings in this district. pOD|
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ]>/Y U*\
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) y?<[g;MuT
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. PB4E_0}h
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 ADA%$NhJ!
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. )V JAs|
4. 表语位于句首 C!XI0d
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 64s+
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Not far from here is a famous university. |`s}PcV
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 {b^naE
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. " Na9Xea
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. L;nRI.
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ]? -56c,
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. C-qsyJgZ y
部分倒装 2F! K
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1. 疑问句 &Xe r#6~
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 10}oaL S
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. .`Z{ptt>
3. “only+状语”位于句首 l4U& CA y
Only when he comes back can be leave. BGOI$ ,
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 }Bc'(2A;,
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. kjaz{&P
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 3mWo`l
By no means should you break the rules. x)"=
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. <kLY1 EILM
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 L!S-f4^5
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ,EZ&n[%Ko
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 1"/V?ArfL
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
