考博英语语法重点总结 O
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 7+9o<j@@o
独立主格特征 U7#C. Z
1. 充当句子的状语。 }#r awVe=
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 k,eo+qH.Hz
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 CY~ S{w
4. With + 名词 n
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） \&_pI2X
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. A^ofs*"Y
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. GXaPfC0-y
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). :6MV@{;PJ
真题剖析 a8$ 4
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. OUq%d8 W
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because `>0%Ha
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. 3n,jrX75u
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be jB<B_"
虚拟语气
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虚拟语气（2） EXMW,
1. （should）+动词原形 G2<$to~{
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 H#i,Ve '
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 S B~opN
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 )T6:@n^]h
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 !2Gua1z!CJ
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 NH;e |8
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) /qKA1-R}4
真题剖析 -4[eZ>$A|
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … iX o(
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t Iprt
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. +`bnQn]x+
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded ht*N[Pi4;
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. zMRa < G7
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take 0C;Js\>3]
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. w$IUm_~waa
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) >?1GJ5]\s
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should fF(AvMsO
非谓语动词 >fMzUTJ4
动名词、分词、不定式。 z
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) @ R[K8
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) qd LzB
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 9 Jw, ls
真题剖析 >| , <9z`D
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. \s%g' g;
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops HU'w[r 6a
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. "f8,9@
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative cHt4L ]n8n
主谓一致 etT9}RbQ
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 e,{k!BXU#'
How you got there doesn’t concern me. Gk+R , :
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ` y 61Bz
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 KB^8Z@(+
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. .rG~\Ws
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 >?OUs>}3y2
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 n_4.`vs
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). V )Oot|
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 x${C[gxq9F
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. EcX7wrl9x
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) cu
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） %TR
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He no less than John is interested in literature. BriL
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 8\9W:D@"x
Either my father or my brothers are coming. (1q(6!
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 tV_3!7m0$
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. IJKdVb~
真题剖析 O7_y QQAA
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. 8 e_]
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some =BN<)f^*s
倒装 f d #QCs
全部倒装 Dq%} ({+
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ^7ID |uMr
There stand big buildings in this district. _VjaTw8iM
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. @YRy)+
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) V1Ojr~iM
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. r_ +!3
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 #g@4c3um|
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. uPb dzUk$
4. 表语位于句首 +w(6#R8u5
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. -hfkF+=U'
Not far from here is a famous university. \2[tM/
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 B5+Q%)52
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. -K$ugDi
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. g18zo~LZ
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 2"|7 YI
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. A' uaR?
部分倒装 l&e{GHz
1. 疑问句 ^8bc< c:P
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Vv5T(~
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. \p} G W
3. “only+状语”位于句首 6Y6t.j0vN.
Only when he comes back can be leave. RTbV!I
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 [>_ zV.X
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. Gg
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) p:$v,3:
By no means should you break the rules. nO'C2)bBSG
At no time should we give in to difficulties. "".a(ZGg
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 8 l= EL7
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ToKG;Ff 4b
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. P0_Ymn=&
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
