考博英语语法重点总结 @FF80U4'
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 [z!pm-Ir
独立主格特征 !M(SEIc4A
1. 充当句子的状语。 (p] S
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 i) $ySlEh
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 &h_Y?5k K
4. With + 名词 DuLl"w\_@
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） W }v
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. N-q6_
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. /F6"uZSt4
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). &WOm[]Q4
真题剖析 Zr =B8wu T
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. HTMg{ _r(%
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because VTY # {
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. eu":\ks
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be 1hzf+*g
虚拟语气 J
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虚拟语气（2） B I=5
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1. （should）+动词原形 c
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 pF9WKpzE
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 %LD(S * >7
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 _dW#[TCF
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 d_ x
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2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 |WSpWsr,
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) h:sf?X[
真题剖析 DtJ3`Jd
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … lY2~{Y|4s
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ] SLeWs
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. (bpRX$is
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded m)?0; 9bt
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. )>U"WZ'<
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take R(
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. mN .
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) wy{ sS}
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should PgHmOs
非谓语动词 O*!f%}
动名词、分词、不定式。 ~)[ pL(4
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) G) c+GoK
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) _HjB'XNr(
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Sw$/Z)1K&
真题剖析 -#R`n'/
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. }Kp$/CYd
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 3gD <!WI
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. XD|Xd|/ {
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative qh&q <M
主谓一致 't
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 1 3)6p|6x
How you got there doesn’t concern me. nh80"Ny5
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. }NRt:J C
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 tFX<"cAvK
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Ktvs*.?
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 Z_<NUPE
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 -
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). r'_ #rl
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 $sZ4r>-
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ~E_irzOFP
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ;-l^X%r
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） 5 dG+>7Iy}
He no less than John is interested in literature. Raetz>rL
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) *f{ 4 _ts
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 'MB+cz+v
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 20}]b* C}
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. YcR:
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真题剖析 *UJB *r
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Z0D&ayzkh^
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some .i*ja*
倒装 :D>flZi
全部倒装 I$ )9T^Ra
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” RZSEcRlN
There stand big buildings in this district. cXN0D\%`
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ;A*s ub
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) K:Z, 4Y
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. E 5c)\
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 F8{T/YhZ
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. h"}F3E
4. 表语位于句首 |8x_Av0
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. t*6C?zEAU
Not far from here is a famous university.
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5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 (4`Tf*5hHa
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. F^TOLwix
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. rEU1
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6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） c\tw#;\9
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. FgPmQ
部分倒装 ilQ\+xR{b
1. 疑问句 mt e3k=17
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） HBk5 p>&
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. &;Go CU Le
3. “only+状语”位于句首 'Nx"_jQ
Only when he comes back can be leave. x0TE+rf5
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 )coA30YR
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. pMp@W`i^6
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 8-K4*(-dL
By no means should you break the rules. =ae hhs>
At no time should we give in to difficulties. '6 4/2x
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 f9n4/(C y
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 15DlD`QV
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. $ WWi2cI;
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
