考博英语语法重点总结 @2HNYW)
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 |}YeQl
独立主格特征 O,>`#?
1. 充当句子的状语。 [`'[)B
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 !~Am1\02
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 %M/rpEE"b%
4. With + 名词 K$K
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（代词） + 分词 (形容词） e
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 4PVkKP'/
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. fQ@k$W\
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). AnUOv 2
真题剖析 F_ Cp,
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. *;]
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because Fo0
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练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. Uz
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8. A. is B. having C. being D. be .S{Q }S
虚拟语气 oK! W<#
虚拟语气（2） P<1ZpL
1. （should）+动词原形 sdWu6?
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 .^Z^L F
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 :W++
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ee9nfvG-
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 %^r}$mfy:0
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 ~S='~ g)
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) jw^Pt~@
真题剖析 H /kSFf{
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … |6mDoo Ty
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t m) ]A$*`<
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. BV9 %|
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded b)5z'zQu
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. 0%9N
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take #DL( %=:
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 0^27grU>
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) bg8<}~zg
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should k>N >_{\
非谓语动词 e TV%+
动名词、分词、不定式。 Zv`j+b
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) '_~X(izc
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 5K~kzR L$r
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 yWs_Z6 b
真题剖析
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 3M nm2*\
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops tPT\uD #t
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. A1zqm_X5)P
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative &*}NN5Sv
主谓一致 Qo4+=^(
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 jf&LSK;2
How you got there doesn’t concern me. j4au
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. g[rxK n\Z
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 :J3Z Tyjb
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. nt /+?Sj
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 e7{n= M
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 hSgf p
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 6,"fH{B d
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 <p48?+K9
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. +\`D1d@
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) p0KkPE">p4
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） FtUO gL)|
He no less than John is interested in literature. Q0K4_iN)&
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) wW3fsX u
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 8{5Y%InL
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 vG(Gs=.U
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. }+[H~8)5
真题剖析 i$) `U]
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. _P!J0
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some |kvom 4 T
倒装 \*}JdEHB
全部倒装 ,}!OJyT
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ~jab/cR
There stand big buildings in this district. 1 l'Wb2g>A
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. Epm\ =s
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) c9\jELO
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. QE&rpF7l{
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 OO@ (lt
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 4@P
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4. 表语位于句首 }2Y:#{m
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. fX).A`
Not far from here is a famous university. ] (3e +JC
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 8 \m_.e
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ? 5e:w?&g@
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. /,'D4s:Gg
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 'c 0]8Y 4
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. c>~"Z-VtX
部分倒装 "?|sC{'C4j
1. 疑问句 4I7}
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） w66iLQ\@
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. YaJ[39 V
3. “only+状语”位于句首 oL
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Only when he comes back can be leave. K_
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 1BK-uv:
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. H:
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) =$6z1] ;3
By no means should you break the rules. :R +}[|FV
At no time should we give in to difficulties. s/ +@o:
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 X TpYf
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ZI4[v>
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. 7Z0fMk
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
