考博英语语法重点总结 `Bw>0%.
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ?AMn>v
独立主格特征 cym<uh-Wg^
1. 充当句子的状语。 7Nu.2
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2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 ?Xdb%.
4. With + 名词 Rm i4ZPb.
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） S.u1[Yz^
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. aYJTSgW
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ~pv|
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). } D'pyTf[
真题剖析 0| a ,bwZ
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. /6K 9? /
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because M j9Mv<io
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. jN[P$} #b`
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be ?@*hU2MTC
虚拟语气 YadG05PDe
虚拟语气（2） k H.e"e
1. （should）+动词原形 #N?VbDK9_
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 bS1 ?I@
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 _l
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 zs=[C +Z\
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 })V^t 3
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 b.N$eJl Q&
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) lG1\41ZxB
真题剖析 efT@A}sV
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … R^hlfKnt
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t wr) \GJ#>
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. sB~ |V
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded io[ >`@=
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. M ^89]wo C
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take z^FJ
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. N6>ert1
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) K Y=$RO
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should vW s#4JoG
非谓语动词 6?BV J
动名词、分词、不定式。 ~WW!P_wI,
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 4#Bzq3,|
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)
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To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 .rcXxV@f
真题剖析 YXlaE=9bn
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. B<Zm'hdX
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops l:.q 1UV
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. sqv!,@ *q
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative SR$?pJh D%
主谓一致 i"h~QEE
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 _g ]h \3
How you got there doesn’t concern me. J5 zKwt
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. KlGmO;k
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 [sXn B$
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. sLOkLz"x
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 cl{kCSZo.z
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 *v:o`{vM[
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). >h9T/J8
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 *G"}m/j-
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 6
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) l|S_10x5
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） %%{f-\-7Ig
He no less than John is interested in literature. ^fEer
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 1 uJpn
Either my father or my brothers are coming. w g kY \Q
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 mu m4Uj
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. b ~C^cM
真题剖析 XNr8,[c
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. Z5 Tu*u=
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some A(1WQUu j
倒装 @^t1 SP
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全部倒装 1UN$eb7
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 'R
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There stand big buildings in this district. h/NI5
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 3a ?dNwM@
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) {q/D,Rh8
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ZJOO*S
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 UW],9r/PD@
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. Os[50j!4>
4. 表语位于句首 E. 4 X,
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. wF)g@cw
Not far from here is a famous university. I6Oc`S!L
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 0GcOI}
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. K
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. ;*>':-4
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） nz l3<Ar
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. zxy/V^mu
部分倒装 f"d4HZD^
1. 疑问句 :pGgxO% q
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） 7KZ>x*o
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 43/!pW
3. “only+状语”位于句首 PaBqv]
Only when he comes back can be leave.
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4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 ]3~X!(O
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. & ` weW
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) sXR}#*8p
By no means should you break the rules. )B5(V5-!|
At no time should we give in to difficulties. FS6I?q#t
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 2D"\Ox
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ~.TKzh'eB
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. z1~FE
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
