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主题 : 考博英语语法重点总结
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楼主  发表于: 2009-01-08   

考博英语语法重点总结

考博英语语法重点总结 wJ.?u]f@  
%3p~5jhm1  
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 J)R2O{z  
独立主格特征 wXUP%i]i =  
1. 充当句子的状语。 !9 7U2L4  
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 W`^euBr7R>  
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 0 0JH*I  
4. With + 名词 T2EQQFs  
(代词) + 分词 (形容词) 5&Y%N(  
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. >.sdLA Si  
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. |:qaF  
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). *\gS 2[S  
真题剖析 s,z$Vt"h*K  
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are   46   of the material which would 47 feed them. 7E0L-E=.  
45. A. For   B. As   C. With   D. Because U2hPsF4f  
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. FJI%+$]  
8. A. is     B. having     C. being     D. be rN$U%\.I  
虚拟语气 <n#phU Q  
虚拟语气(2) f{i~hVF  
1. (should)+动词原形 30BFwNE  
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 )Bz2-|\  
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 &XvSAw+D@  
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 (ncm]W  
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 Xl/ SDm_p  
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动,实际还没有行动 X=1Po|  
    would rather +动词过去式(宁愿已经做,其实没做)宁愿,,,就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) BB$(0mM^  
真题剖析 m2{DLw".  
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … cr wui8  
  47. A. do   B. did   C. don’t   D. didn’t T'W@fif  
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they   53 that the professor be sent home. +VSq[P  
53. A. ordered   B. pleaded   C. decided D. demanded |>'.(  
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. l* a p$1'  
15. A. took     B. would take   C. will take     D. should take ^CBc~um2  
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. uc~/l4~N  
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) -J6G=+ s/  
54.A. shall   B.will   C.would   D.should xs}3=&c(  
非谓语动词 }G/#Nb)  
动名词、分词、不定式。 ^ UDNp.6k  
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) #/,WgsAC  
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) mVs<XnA47  
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 %U uVD  
真题剖析 *+UgrsRk  
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. <i$ud&D  
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops pYBY"r  
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 6OPYq*|  
59. A. destructive   B. dissatisfied   C. damaged   D. derivative T?4 I\SG  
主谓一致 ;1MRBk,  
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 svWQk9d  
  How you got there doesn’t concern me. xX:N-  
  Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !7>~=n_,L.  
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 q(XO_1W0V  
  Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.   L60Sc  
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 wfMtWXd;KB  
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 6>d0i S@R  
  Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). /l b"g_  
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 T!YfCw.HZ  
  Everyone knows that you’ve come here. = lMs1}S9  
  If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.   (--thing 的情况例外) LcW:vV|'K  
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Q~-MB]'  
  He no less than John is interested in literature. w7e+ ~8|  
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) DlF6tcoI  
  Either my father or my brothers are coming.   + d289"  
8. each,every,many a(否定=no) , no …+主语,谓语用单数。 wgcKeTD9  
  Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ;56mkP  
真题剖析 6! A+$"  
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. =8W'4MC  
  53. A. none   B. few   C. any   D. some   3q)y;T\yW  
倒装 ;hZ^zL  
全部倒装 ,xOOR   
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” vD91t/_+  
There stand big buildings in this district. l|" SM6  
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ;-"'sEu}  
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) zi?G wh ~  
  In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. h 7  c  
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 bKac?y~S_  
  In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. !wr2OxK*  
4. 表语位于句首 !McRtxq?~  
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. BWev(SF{Ny  
Not far from here is a famous university. 3v,Bg4[i  
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 u8N"i),  
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. =&x u"V  
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. /=+Bc=<lZ  
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) ,cwjieM  
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. F&)(G\  
部分倒装 MgrJ ;?L  
1. 疑问句 t<H@c9{;*  
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) cM;,nX%/  
  Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Q)%a2s;  
3. “only+状语”位于句首 WP ~]pduT  
  Only when he comes back can be leave. V}po  
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 P{[@t_  
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. AEO7I f@  
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) y8/+kn +  
  By no means should you break the rules. bTJ l  
  At no time should we give in to difficulties. Q'R*a(pm  
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)   要是。。。。就好了  zP W_  
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” )I(2t 6i  
  Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. [ *W l=  
  Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
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沙发  发表于: 2009-02-28   
不错。谢谢楼主
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板凳  发表于: 2009-03-04   
好东西!好长时间不看语法了!
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地板  发表于: 2009-03-26   
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地下室  发表于: 2009-04-12   
语法是弱项
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5楼  发表于: 2009-04-12   
语法和听力都是困难的哦
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6楼  发表于: 2009-06-19   
谢谢 楼主分享,对语法一窍不通。
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7楼  发表于: 2009-07-23   
谢谢
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8楼  发表于: 2009-08-14   
谢谢
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