考博英语语法重点总结 +D4m@O
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 U ^GVz%\
独立主格特征
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1. 充当句子的状语。 %X.g+uu
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。
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3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 @i V-pJ-
4. With + 名词 x:~XZX\mwH
（代词） + 分词 (形容词） 4v _Hh<%
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. <`=Kt[_BQ
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. w G7>2*(
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). 'Ca;gi !U
真题剖析 '"\n,
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(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. elhP!"G
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because <F&XT@
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. &}Wi@;G]2
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be )4qs py3
虚拟语气 c CDT27 @
虚拟语气（2） ) V>OND
1. （should）+动词原形 b cy
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 E:/!]sm !
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 -h m/lxyU
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 z&9MkbH1
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 f&^"[S"\f
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动，实际还没有行动 :7.k E
would rather +动词过去式（宁愿已经做，其实没做）宁愿，，，就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) 8'zl\:@N
真题剖析 # }}6JM
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … _6c/,a8;*J
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ^ swj!da
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. e Hs38X
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded /{[<J<(8
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. W/t,7lPFb
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take Ut'T!RD
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *My9r.F5o
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) N;-%:nC
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should u
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非谓语动词 p9 ,[kb
动名词、分词、不定式。 (G./P@/[
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) #
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) aj1,h)P
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 +L'Cbv= "
真题剖析 d(V4;8a0
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops JM/\n 4ea:
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. d6[' [dG
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative P=<lY},
主谓一致 i4k [#x
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 D~i 5E9s5
How you got there doesn’t concern me. pRE^;
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. hPz=Ec<zW
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 L'KKU4zj
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.
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3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 .nVY" C&
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 "mE/t (
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). kjsj~jwvv
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 C<9GdN
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. PbS1`8|4
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) [ ypE[
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） W vu 1?
He no less than John is interested in literature. t$VRNZ`dy
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) gq*W 0S
Either my father or my brothers are coming. WwWOic2
8. each,every,many a（否定=no） , no …+主语，谓语用单数。 kxEq_FX
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ~}ifwm'7 a
真题剖析 XA>u CJf
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. VE*`J i
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some H<ovIMd
倒装 $>_`.*I/
全部倒装 $'d,X@}8
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” >f^kp8`3{Y
There stand big buildings in this district. .L 1[Rv3
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. bYem0hzOe
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) OKau3T]
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 0i8\Lu6
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 D(|+z-}M
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. {hf_Xro&
4. 表语位于句首 JS\]| ~Gd
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. z.)*/HGJm
Not far from here is a famous university. T:K}mLSg
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 >Q"3dw
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. qSD`S1 '2;
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. !J {[XT
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） W:w SM *
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. L:@COy
部分倒装 ~@ <o-|#
1. 疑问句 m@D :t 5
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） ! ,b&e
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. &ns??:\+T
3. “only+状语”位于句首 [;-;{
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Only when he comes back can be leave. gth_Sz5!#
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 4wEkxCWp/
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. Iv9 U4
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) *YQXxIIq
By no means should you break the rules. mdmJne.
At no time should we give in to difficulties. pxyFM@Z](
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了 Lew
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ,PKUgL}w
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. <+%y
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
