考博英语语法重点总结 wJ.?u]f@
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 J)R2O{ z
独立主格特征 wXUP%i]i
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1. 充当句子的状语。 !97U2L4
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 W`^euBr7R>
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 0
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4. With + 名词 T2EQQFs
(代词) + 分词 (形容词) 5&Y%N(
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. >.sdLA Si
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. |:qaF
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). *\gS 2[S
真题剖析 s,z$Vt"h*K
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. 7E0L-E=.
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because U2hPsF4f
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. FJI%+$]
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be rN$U%\.I
虚拟语气 <n#phU Q
虚拟语气(2) f{i~hVF
1. (should)+动词原形 30BFwNE
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 )Bz2-|\
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 &XvSAw+D@
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 (ncm]W
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 Xl/SDm_p
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 应该有所行动,实际还没有行动 X=1Po |
would rather +动词过去式(宁愿已经做,其实没做)宁愿,,,就好了I would rather you were not married.(实际have married) BB$(0mM^
真题剖析 m2{DLw".
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … crwui 8
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t T'W@fif
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. +VSq [P
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded |>'.(
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. l* a
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15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take ^CBc~um2
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. uc~/l4~N
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) -J6G=+s/
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should xs}3=&c(
非谓语动词 }G/#Nb)
动名词、分词、不定式。
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) #/,Wgs AC
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) mVs<XnA47
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 %U
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真题剖析 *+UgrsRk
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. <i$ud&D
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops pYBY"r
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 6OPYq*|
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative T?4
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主谓一致
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1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 svWQk9d
How you got there doesn’t concern me. xX:N-
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. !7>~=n_,L.
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 q(XO_1W0V
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. L60Sc
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 wfMtWXd;KB
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 6>d0i
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). /lb"g_
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 T!YfCw.HZ
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. = lMs1}S9
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) LcW:vV|'K
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Q~-M B]'
He no less than John is interested in literature. w7e+
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7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) DlF6tcoI
Either my father or my brothers are coming. +d289"
8. each,every,many a(否定=no) , no …+主语,谓语用单数。 wgcKeTD9
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ;56mkP
真题剖析 6!
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. =8W'4MC
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 3q)y;T\yW
倒装 ;hZ^zL
全部倒装 ,xOOR
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” vD91t/_+
There stand big buildings in this district. l|"SM6
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ;-"'sEu}
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) zi?G
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. h7
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3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 bKac?y~S_
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. !wr2OxK*
4. 表语位于句首 !McRtxq?~
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. BWev(SF{Ny
Not far from here is a famous university. 3v,Bg4[i
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 u8N"i),
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. =&x
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Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. /=+Bc=<lZ
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) ,cwjieM
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. F&)(G\
部分倒装 MgrJ ;?L
1. 疑问句 t<H@c9{;*
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) cM;,n X %/
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Q)%a2s;
3. “only+状语”位于句首 WP ~]pduT
Only when he comes back can be leave. V}po
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 P{[@t_
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. AEO7I
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…)
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By no means should you break the rules. bTJ l
At no time should we give in to difficulties. Q'R*a(pm
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 要是。。。。就好了
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7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” )I(2t 6i
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. [
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.