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主题 : 2015北京师范大学考博英语真题语法解析(1)
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楼主  发表于: 2016-11-08   
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2015北京师范大学考博英语真题语法解析(1)

目录: Nfh(2g K+  
01 名词性从句 uItKsu  
02 It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 ):@B1 yR  
03 高中英语语法中的省略现象 O"Q=66.CR  
04 主谓一致 O{V"'o  
05 动词不定式 }1wuH  
06 倒装结构 4dP_'0]9A:  
07 定语从句 9^tyjX2  
08 被动语态 T5h[{J^  
09 祈使句 5`Bb0=j  
10 感叹句 mfvQ]tz_+  
11 疑问句 hGeRM4zVZZ  
12 名词 Tp7?:YY|  
第一章 名词性从句 5tL6R3  
T"jl;,gr]J  
92i# It}-/  
  在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 R)=<q]Ms  
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一. 主语从句 ` T!O )5  
  主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 5eYCnc9  
2+.m44>Ti  
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 rZEu@63  
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: & Lw| t_y  
   a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see thefilm.  你不去看那场电影真可惜。 -3fvO~  
   b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 :MVD83?4  
   c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) ]WG\+1x9  
   d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) l},%g%}iMU  
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2. it 作形式主语的结构 Ii)TCSt9U?  
(1) It is 名词 从句 KH;e)91  
         It is a fact that 事实是… W +S>/`N  
         It is an honor that                     …非常荣幸 fKfi   
         It is common knowledge that       …是常识 ()r DM@  
(2) It is 形容词 从句 5XhV+t g.  
         It is natural that 很自然… O@[ q./VV,  
         It is strange that 奇怪的是… |^1eL I  
(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 . &e,8  
         It seems that 似乎… lBCM; #P  
         It happened that                      碰巧… (HTVSC%=  
         It appears that 似乎… 8S0)_L#S  
(4) It 过去分词 从句 yY1&h op  
         It is reported that 据报道… 3Ry?{m^  
         It has been proved that 已证实… th]9@7UE,  
         It is said that 据说… )b =$!  
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: M4QMD;Ez  
1if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 A81kb  
2It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: #hai3>9|B  
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. .G^ .kg ,  
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid.  ON=xn|b4  
3Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: _uRgKoiy  
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. _h5@3>b3r  
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. $N+azal+y  
4It doesnt matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: X }^,g  
正确表达:It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. j"c"sF\q  
       错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesnt matter. TfJB;  
5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: PPohpdd)  
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? vHao y  
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? iX4/;2B= ,  
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4. what that 在引导主语从句时的区别 = uOFaZ4  
   what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: ?p/i}28=y  
   a) What you said yesterday is right. x5{ zGv.j  
   b) That she is still alive is a consolation sR#( \  
  e\/Lcng  
/\2s%b*  
&C?]n.A  
二.宾语从句 @v|_APy#  
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 Byon2|nf7  
o-/Xa[yC  
1. 作动词的宾语 (/c9v8Pr(7  
   (1) that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: :eDwkzlHH  
          I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 I,.>tC  
   (2) what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: J8(v65  
         a)  She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 7IjFSN >  
         b)  I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 'kPShZS$b  
   (3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: ]Y:|%rvVH  
         She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 '@rGX+"  
_aq3G9C_  
2. 作介词的宾语,例如: /O+,vRw\A  
   Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 "<NQ2Vr]5  
{B uh5U,  
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: a+IU<O-J?  
   I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 mM1\s>o  
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注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 Kp8!^os  
ho;Km  
4. it 可以作为形式宾语 JT,8/o  
   it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: r( :"BQ  
   We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 h@t&n@8O?  
M+9G^o)u  
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 /c8F]fkZ=  
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: -# |J  
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. v 4DF #O  
错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. 2/x+7F}w5  
^LX1&yT@  
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 X~G!{TT_x6  
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: ![P1Qv p  
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. 7ae8nZ3&  
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. rB~x]5TH  
+x\b- '  
7. 否定的转移 udMDE=1~L  
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: cF7I  
   I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 @YHB>rNf(7  
2xN1=ug  
. 表语从句 ML^c-xY(  
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat It is because 等结构。例如: 9# IKb:9k  
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. J] ^)vxm3  
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. J*vy-[w  
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. zB kS1qMn  
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. Fc% @  
:,X,!0pWRp  
. 同位语从句 hz\Fq1  
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 &'uFy0d,  
Mhc!v, D$  
1. 同位语从句的功能 '8R5?9"  
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: *4"s,1?@BG  
  1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. 4mq+{c0  
  2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2| $  
i/N4uq}'A<  
2. 同位语在句子中的位置 g .ty#Z=:  
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: Yq-N k:H|  
   He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. t84(kzcC  
2iYf)MC  
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 Yj99[ c#]  
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 ?kEcYD  
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: ]V \qX+K  
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) BQq,,i8H  
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) b0|q@!z>  
  P{v>o,a.  
+Bk" khH  
WlVp|s{TYP  
  {-;lcOD  
g"gh2#!D  
高一英语名词性从句专项练习 ~= qJSb  
1____he does has nothingto do with me. [zmx  
  A. whatever  B. No matterwhat  C. That  D. If bkk1_X  
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ # ~SuL3  
  A. did the quarrel came about    B.the quarrel had come about J`}5bnFP  
  C. had the quarrel come about   D. had the quarrel come about O]rAo  
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. V9 qZa  
  A. what B. something C. anything  D. that GjlA\R^e  
4. Information has been put  forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. ip6$Z3[)  
  A. while B. that C. when D. as o;bK 7D  
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. $@k[Xh  
  A. there   B. in which   C. where  D. when 'ap<]mf2  
6. They have no idea at all____. ? ->:,I=<~  
  A. where he has gone        B.where did he go ]l\'1-/  
C. which place has he gone   D. where has he gone #Ezq}F8Y  
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. |Y#KMi ~  
  A.   that   B. which   C. of which   D.  ofthat 0 ?kaXD  
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. oL?( ; `"&  
  A.  that ;had to leave   B. that; should leave X :2%U  
  C.  /; must leave       D. when; should leave LB*qL  
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. A$*#n8 ,  
  A. There; that   B. It; that   C. there; whether  D. It; whether E+wd9/;  
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. qFEGV+  
  A. that   B. which   C. whether  D. if 5)X;q-  
11. Is _____he said really true? -<rQOPH%  
  A. that  B.  what C. why   D. whether #sl_ BC9  
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. 7w}D2|+  
  A. That  B. Whether  C. If  D. Where E({+2}=1  
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. H:9Z.|{Gv  
  A. while   B. if     C. that D. for *Z0Y:"  
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. 6u-@_/O5R3  
  A. Whether   B. This   C. who  D. If @oC # k<  
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. Xk#"rM< Y  
  A. What  B. That   C. Whether  D. If @**@W[EM  
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. X r7pF w  
  A. What  B. That    C. Who    D. How :eaqUW!Y  
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. Hx;ij?  
  A. What; what  B. That; that   C. what; that  D. That ; what w)x`zVwO  
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. ~ou1{NS  
  A. What      B. It         C. All that     D. That u{%gB&nC  
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. $HjKELoJ<  
  A. believed   B.  think    C. say        D. hoped |~'D8 g:Ak  
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. : uM2cc^  
  A. What    B. That     C. How   D. Where piIr .]  
7%rSo^t,L  
Keys: .ZSGnbJ  
 1—5 ABABC  6—10 AABAC  11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA e_C9VNP  
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