目录: Nfh(2gK+
第01章 名词性从句 uItKs u
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 ):@B1 yR
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 O"Q=66.CR
第04章 主谓一致 O{V"'o
第05章 动词不定式 }1wuH
第06章 倒装结构 4dP_'0]9A:
第07章 定语从句 9^tyjX2
第08章 被动语态 T5h[{J^
第09章 祈使句 5`Bb0=j
第10章 感叹句 mfvQ]tz_+
第11章 疑问句 hGeRM4zVZZ
第12章 名词 Tp7?:YY|
第一章 名词性从句 5tL6R3
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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 R)=<q]Ms
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一. 主语从句 `
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主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 5eYCnc9
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 rZEu@63
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: &
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a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 -3fvO~
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
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c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) ]WG\+1x9
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) l},%g%}iMU
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 Ii)TCSt9U?
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 KH;e)91
It is a fact that … 事实是… W+S>/`N
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 fKfi
It is common knowledge that …是常识
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(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 5XhV+t
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It is natural that… 很自然… O@[
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It is strange that… 奇怪的是… |^1eL I
(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句 . &e,8
It seems that… 似乎…
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It happened that… 碰巧… (HTVSC%=
It appears that… 似乎… 8S0)_L#S
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句 yY1&hop
It is reported that… 据报道… 3Ry?{m^
It has been proved that… 已证实… th]9@7UE,
It is said that… 据说… )b
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: M4QMD;Ez
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 A81kb
(2)It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: #hai3>9|B
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. .G^.kg ,
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. ON=xn|b4
(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: _uRgKoiy
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. _h5@3>b3r
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. $N+azal+y
(4)It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: X}^,g
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. j"c"sF\q
错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. TfJB;
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: PPohpdd)
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? vHao
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错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? iX4/;2B=
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 = uOFaZ4
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: ?p/i}28=y
a) What you said yesterday is right. x5{ zGv.j
b) That she is still alive is a consolation sR #( \
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二.宾语从句 @v |_APy#
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 Byon2| nf7
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1. 作动词的宾语 (/c9v8Pr(7
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: :eDwkzlHH
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 I,.>tC
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: J8(v65
a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 7Ij FSN
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b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 'kPShZS$b
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: ]Y:|%rvVH
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 '@rGX+"
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2. 作介词的宾语,例如: /O+,vRw\A
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 "<NQ2Vr]5
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3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: a+IU<O-J?
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 mM1\s>o
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注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 Kp8!^os
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 JT, 8/o
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: r( :"BQ
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 h@t&n@8O?
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 /c8F]fkZ=
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: -#|J
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. v4DF
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错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. 2/x+7F}w5
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 X~G!{TT_x6
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: ![P1Qvp
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. 7ae8nZ3&
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. rB~x]5TH
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7. 否定的转移 udMDE=1~L
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: cF7I
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 @YHB>rNf(7
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三. 表语从句 ML^c-xY(
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如: 9#IKb:9k
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. J]^)vxm3
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. J*vy-[w
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. zB kS1qMn
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. Fc%@
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四. 同位语从句 hz\Fq1
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 &'uFy0d,
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1. 同位语从句的功能 '8R5?9"
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: *4"s,1?@BG
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. 4mq+{c0
2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2 |
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 g.ty#Z=:
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: Yq-N
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He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. t84(k zcC
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 Yj99[
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(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 ?kEcYD
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: ]V\qX+K
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) BQq,,i8H
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) b0|q@!z>
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 ~=qJSb
1.____he does has nothingto do with me.
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A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If bkk1_X
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ #
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A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about J`}5bnFP
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about O]rAo
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. V9qZa
A. what B. something C. anything D. that GjlA\R^e
4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. ip6$Z3[)
A. while B. that C. when D. as o;bK 7D
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. $@k[Xh
A. there B. in which C. where D. when 'ap<]mf2
6. They have no idea at all____. ? ->:,I=<~
A. where he has gone B.where did he go ]l\'1-/
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone #Ezq}F8Y
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. |Y#KMi ~
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat 0?kaXD
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. oL?(
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A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave X :2%U
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave LB*qL
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. A$*#n8,
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether E+ wd9/;
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. qFEGV+
A. that B. which C. whether D. if 5)X;q-
11. Is _____he said really true? -<rQOPH%
A. that B. what C. why D. whether #sl_
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12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. 7w}D2|+
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where E({+2}=1
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. H:9Z.|{Gv
A. while B. if C. that D. for *Z0 Y:"
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. 6u-@_/O5R3
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If @oC
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15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. Xk#"rM< Y
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If @**@W[EM
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. X r7pF
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A. What B. That C. Who D. How :eaqUW!Y
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. Hx;ij?
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what w)x`zVwO
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. ~ou1{NS
A. What B. It C. All that D. That u{%gB&nC
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. $HjKELoJ<
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped |~'D8 g:Ak
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. :
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A. What B. That C. How D. Where piIr.]
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Keys: .ZSG nbJ
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA e_C9VNP