目录: 2(km]H^
第01章 名词性从句 s\ e b
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 L, 2;-b|
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 w
ufQyT`
第04章 主谓一致 J\hqK*/8
第05章 动词不定式 Ac'pu,v
第06章 倒装结构 Y-+JDrK
第07章 定语从句 0[p"8+x
第08章 被动语态 i,2eoM)FB
第09章 祈使句 X*M2 O%g`L
第10章 感叹句 ^qLes
P#
第11章 疑问句
@<koL
第12章 名词 SN]Na<P
第一章 名词性从句 Y
B.@zL0.(
Z|xgZG{
Z+ _xX
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 fo~>y
qWS"I+o,S
一. 主语从句 XB]>Z)
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 9W&nAr
84coi
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 =s9*=5r 8
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: ^ywDa^;-
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 c4.2o<(Xt
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 izu_1X
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) i:Gyi([C
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) `6(Zc"/
\m
yq[.
WPve
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 gAgF$H .
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 WM7LCP
It is a fact that … 事实是… -/Zy{2 <u
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 mY]o_\`
It is common knowledge that …是常识 #kE8EhQZ
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 JvNd'u)Z<
It is natural that… 很自然… g _0| `Sm
It is strange that… 奇怪的是… s>
%.bAxc
(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句 o#WECs>
It seems that… 似乎… Dl,sl>{
It happened that… 碰巧… dKhS;!K9p
It appears that… 似乎… y}?PyPz
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句 pfw`<*e'
It is reported that… 据报道… Hp5.F>-
It has been proved that… 已证实… ?f6SKC
It is said that… 据说… 2:<H)oB
f$vU$>+[
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: bjI3xAs~
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 M+%qVwp
(2)It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: \UX9[5|
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. [X
ubzZ9
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. hQ@#h`lS
(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: C6Cr+TScH
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. tx)$4 v
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. A%x0'?GU
(4)It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: ]{|lGtK %
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. |'I>Ojm
错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. G/#m.=t
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: qM6hE.J
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? U| ?68B3
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? Xfbr;Jt"<
s
{^wr6B
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 \S1W,H|
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 1Kr$JIcd
a) What you said yesterday is right. +H *6:
b) That she is still alive is a consolation `&'{R<cL
C`.eJF
/y|ZAN
0pG +yec
二.宾语从句 z] -m<#1
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 ofw&?Sk0
A?$-Uqb"
1. 作动词的宾语 uqU&k@
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: ;#S]mso1
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 'Bxj(LaV-
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: K=E+QvSG
a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 e|
5@7~Vi
b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 f6Lc"b3s1
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: <SQR";
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 =wW M\f`=
;(J&%
2. 作介词的宾语,例如: !#WQ8s!?o
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 I8% -ii
6({)O1Z
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: _+nk3-yQw
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 ;|Hpg_~%>
*o\AP([@
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 TQ:5@1aT
tm1&OY
4. it 可以作为形式宾语 esE!i0%
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: nTGZ2C)c<'
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 Y`{62J8oy
(n~fe-?}8
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 8~t8^eBg
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: RticGQy&5
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. r&B0-7r
错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. K]Vp! G
*PV7s
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 ?u?mSO/
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: l0URJRK{*
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. zLJmHb{(
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. }CMGK{
]+m2pEO
7. 否定的转移 +Ek1~i.
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: jP_s(PQ
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 Ayg^<)JWh
q m_m8
三. 表语从句 *QWOWg4w
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如: C96*,.j~'
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. RXcN<Y&
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. ^2
H-_
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. _h \L6.
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. %HtgZeY
*c=vEQn-
四. 同位语从句 eD2eDxN2
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1W\wIj.
O $e"3^Pa
1. 同位语从句的功能 7)[Ve1;/N
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: ]1>R8
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. "M-';;
2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. PX/{!_mM
czu9a"M>X
2. 同位语在句子中的位置 |te=DCO
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: v{ohrpb0v
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. P*7G?
XR7v\rd
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 PMbZv%.,-
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 u=W[ S)w
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: W!O/t^H>
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) $.d,>F6
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) ||wi4TP
Il*!iX|23<
Op]*wwI*h
V,Nu!$)J
N*&T)a
*'A*!=5(
高一英语名词性从句专项练习 f"j9C%'*
1.____he does has nothingto do with me. 9oGcbD4*
A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If FI?J8a
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ V-go?b`
A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about Xy
K,
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about h~9P34m
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. '5$@I{z
A. what B. something C. anything D. that e<9 ^h)G
4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. =d ;#Nu-
A. while B. that C. when D. as j_}:=3
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. x X3I`
A. there B. in which C. where D. when Wj|W B*B
6. They have no idea at all____. ([rn.b]
A. where he has gone B.where did he go .4"BN<9
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone fUWrR1
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. pA_u;*
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat 71AYDO
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. G,?a8(
A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave -o"b$[sf=Z
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave B1~`*~@
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. +<p&Va#
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether Fy E#
@ R
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. T|BlFJ0"
A. that B. which C. whether D. if E+XS7':I
11. Is _____he said really true? m`8{arz2
A. that B. what C. why D. whether %SIll
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. #V/{DPz
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where ai?J
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. b~tu;:
A. while B. if C. that D. for xL.m<XDL
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen.
H6K8.
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If
qP;
1LAX
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. K7JZUS`C!
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If yZp/P %y
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. :qj^RcmVPL
A. What B. That C. Who D. How ](s5;ta
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. !'#
D~
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what U%@C<o
"
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. {#?|&n<
A. What B. It C. All that D. That jf;n*
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. A*+gWn,4Y_
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped .Y7Kd+)s)L
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. (m!kg
A. What B. That C. How D. Where .7Yox1,
M'R
] ''
Keys: W-r^ME
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA ^b5+A6?