2015北京师范大学考博英语真题语法解析(1)

目录: "H|hN  
第01章 名词性从句 -"5r-qq*  
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 XXy&1C  
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 AEo  
第04章 主谓一致 S8Yti  
第05章 动词不定式 g_e_L39  
第06章 倒装结构 ~IQw?a.E  
第07章 定语从句 >#|%y>g .o  
第08章 被动语态 ~ekV*,R"  
第09章 祈使句 ]dL#k>$0q  
第10章 感叹句 '7UIzk|  
第11章 疑问句 B8NMo5a  
第12章 名词 )<vuv9=k\%  
第一章 名词性从句 94xWMX2  
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　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 v|wO qS  
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一． 主语从句 Mcqym8,q|3  
　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 c63yJqiW  
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 !c;BOCqa  
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： =v7%IRP5  
   a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm.  你不去看那场电影真可惜。 &'oZ]
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   b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.　我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 TgvBy
  
   c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.　谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） Mc<O ~  
   d) It is John that broke the window.　是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 3oMhsQz~z  
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 tl^![Z  
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句 P:fcbfH+  
         It is a fact that … 事实是… #SqU>R  
         It is an honor that                     …非常荣幸 @h!nVf%fe  
         It is common knowledge that       …是常识 <L+y 6B  
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句 48RSuH  
         It is natural that… 很自然… 8 EUc 6  
         It is strange that… 奇怪的是… v&Oc,W  
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 =jkiM_<h  
         It seems that… 似乎… `!@d$*:'  
         It happened that…                      碰巧… y8$I=  
         It appears that… 似乎… ~;yP{F8?  
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 Y|~+bK a  
         It is reported that… 据报道… 4#lOAzDtv  
         It has been proved that… 已证实… -d_7 q  
         It is said that… 据说… ^~7ouA  
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： 5 DmW5w'p  
（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 }fh<LCwTi  
（2）It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： q}cm"lO$  
正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. 36UUt!}p  
错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid.  )6*)u/x:  
（3）Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： L)X[$:  
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 5F$~ZDu  
错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. v4 vIcHDs  
（4）It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： )Y:C'*.r  
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. KZGy&u >`  
       错误表达：Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. ";;Nc>-Y  
（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： `l0"4[?  
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? )jGB[s";)y  
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely? PnZY%+[I  
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 #:s*Hy=  
   what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： 6)yi^v  
   a) What you said yesterday is right. ).IK[5Q`  
   b) That she is still alive is a consolation  }~Ir&  
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二．宾语从句 Vp
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宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 +%R{j|8#  
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1. 作动词的宾语 )6{,y{5!  
   (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： GDYFhH7H  
          I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 b}! T!IP}  
   (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： `\yQn7 Oq  
         a)  She did not know what hadhappened.　她不知道发生了什么。 <=]:ED $V@  
         b)  I wonder whether you canchange this note for me.　我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 h-6x! 6pm  
   (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： @T%8EiV  
         She told me that she would accept my invitation.　她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 4 {+47=n  
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2. 作介词的宾语，例如： \G2PK&)F  
   Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.　我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
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3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： !M}ZK(  
   I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.　我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 |LirjC4  
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注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 .V@3zzv\  
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 |Q$Dj!!1P  
   it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： l:*.0Tj  
   We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 cToT_Mk  
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 vG~JK[  
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： o,'Fz?[T%  
正确表达：I admire theirwinning the match. 4P?@N
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错误表达：I admire thatthey won the match. ~7:Q+ 0,,  
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 3*N0oc^m  
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： P>'29$1'  
正确表达：He impressedthe manager as an honest man. 9>=S@hVMd  
错误表达：He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. i<*W,D6  
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7. 否定的转移 ZUS06#t}  
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： 3-BC4y/  
   I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 _% i!LyG  
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三. 表语从句 4ULdf|oP"  
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如： l_pf9!z  
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. WTu!/J<\  
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. w!OYH1ds]_  
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. Dlz1"|SF  
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. &}d5'IRT  
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四. 同位语从句 9]:F!d/  
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 T-Yb |@4  
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1. 同位语从句的功能 3e1%G#fu  
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： K;]Dh?  
  1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. PNH>LT^  
  2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. py6O\` \  
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 0@&/W-VXg  
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： Uurpho_~  
   He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. cCcJOhk|d  
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 8:K_S a%  
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 ={50>WXE  
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： @XVx{t;g2  
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） ~J >Jd
 
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） Eo@rrM:  
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 P`y.3aK  
1．____he does has nothingto do with me. qR kPl!5  
  A. whatever  B. No matterwhat  C. That  D. If Mtn{63cK  
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ p{&o{+c  
  A. did the quarrel came about    B.the quarrel had come about n{=Ot^ ";  
  C. had the quarrel come about   D. had the quarrel come about e@PY(#ru  
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. 9TEAM<b;  
  A. what B. something C. anything  D. that M$} AJS%8  
4. Information has been put  forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. Gsy'':u  
  A. while B. that C. when D. as yc f)*0k  
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. WUb] 8$n  
  A. there   B. in which   C. where  D. when | NyANsI  
6. They have no idea at all____. }\1IsK~P  
  A. where he has gone        B.where did he go )ib$*dmUP  
C. which place has he gone   D. where has he gone :W$-b  
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. 2`Ihrz6  
  A.   that   B. which   C. of which   D.  ofthat :g{ybTSEe  
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. 0XI6gPo
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  A.  that ;had to leave   B. that; should leave ),2|TlQ  
  C.  /; must leave       D. when; should leave u R]8ZT")  
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. )!FheoR  
  A. There; that   B. It; that   C. there; whether  D. It; whether NMzq10M=6  
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. aJ[|80U  
  A. that   B. which   C. whether  D. if Lzx2An@R  
11. Is _____he said really true? ^_BjO(b'e  
  A. that  B.  what C. why   D. whether cGlpJ)'-{  
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. &g]s@S|%  
  A. That  B. Whether  C. If  D. Where 8EU/}Ym  
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. csV3mzP  
  A. while   B. if     C. that D. for z6|kEc"{  
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. 2I
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  A. Whether   B. This   C. who  D. If q``/7  
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. X2{Aa T*M  
  A. What  B. That   C. Whether  D. If AuY*x;~  
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. 2SlI5+u  
  A. What  B. That    C. Who    D. How #VxN [770  
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. QY*F(S,\  
  A. What; what  B. That; that   C. what; that  D. That ; what k7]4TIUD*  
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. V7B%o:FZo  
  A. What      B. It         C. All that     D. That +`!>lo{X  
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. ]l`V#Rd  
  A. believed   B.  think    C. say        D. hoped EAz>`~  
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. Y Azj>c&  
  A. What    B. That     C. How   D. Where AYDAt5K_  
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Keys: n*caP9B  
 1—5 ABABC  6—10 AABAC  11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA @~FJlG(n