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主题 : 2015北京师范大学考博英语真题语法解析(1)
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2015北京师范大学考博英语真题语法解析(1)

目录: 2(k m]H^  
01 名词性从句 s\e b  
02 It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 L, 2;-b|  
03 高中英语语法中的省略现象 w ufQyT`  
04 主谓一致 J\hqK*/8  
05 动词不定式 Ac'pu,v  
06 倒装结构  Y-+JDrK  
07 定语从句 0[p"8+x  
08 被动语态 i,2eoM)FB  
09 祈使句 X*M2 O%g`L  
10 感叹句 ^qLes P#   
11 疑问句 @<koL  
12 名词 SN]Na<P  
第一章 名词性从句 Y B.@zL0.(  
Z|xgZG{  
Z+ _xX  
  在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 fo~>y  
qW S"I+o,S  
一. 主语从句 XB]>Z)  
  主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 9W&nAr  
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 =s9*=5r8  
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: ^ywDa^;-  
   a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see thefilm.  你不去看那场电影真可惜。 c4.2o<(Xt  
   b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 izu_1X  
   c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) i:Gyi([C  
   d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) `6(Zc"/ \m  
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2. it 作形式主语的结构 gA gF$H .  
(1) It is 名词 从句 WM7LCP  
         It is a fact that 事实是… -/Zy{2 <u  
         It is an honor that                     …非常荣幸 mY]o_\`  
         It is common knowledge that       …是常识 #kE8EhQZ  
(2) It is 形容词 从句 JvNd'u)Z<  
         It is natural that 很自然… g_0| `Sm  
         It is strange that 奇怪的是… s> %.bAxc  
(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 o#WECs>  
         It seems that 似乎… Dl,sl>{  
         It happened that                      碰巧… dKhS;!K9p  
         It appears that 似乎… y}?PyPz  
(4) It 过去分词 从句 pfw`<*e'  
         It is reported that 据报道… Hp5.F>-  
         It has been proved that 已证实… ?f6SKC  
         It is said that 据说… 2:<H)oB  
f$vU$>+[  
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: bjI3xAs~  
1if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 M+%qVwp  
2It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: \UX9[5|  
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. [X ubzZ9  
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid.  hQ@#h`lS  
3Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: C6Cr+TScH  
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. tx)$4v  
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. A%x0'?GU  
4It doesnt matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: ]{|lGtK %  
正确表达:It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. |'I>Ojm  
       错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesnt matter. G/#m. =t  
5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: qM6hE.J   
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? U| ?68B3  
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? Xfbr;Jt"<  
s {^wr6B  
4. what that 在引导主语从句时的区别  \S1W,H|  
   what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 1Kr$JIcd  
   a) What you said yesterday is right. +H *6:  
   b) That she is still alive is a consolation `& '{R<cL  
  C`.eJF  
/y|ZAN  
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二.宾语从句 z]-m<#1  
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 ofw&? Sk0  
A?$-Uqb"  
1. 作动词的宾语 uqU&k@  
   (1) that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: ;#S]mso1  
          I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 'Bxj(LaV-  
   (2) what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: K=E+QvSG  
         a)  She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 e| 5@7~Vi  
         b)  I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 f6Lc"b3s1  
   (3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: <SQR";  
         She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 =wW M\f`=  
 ;(J&%  
2. 作介词的宾语,例如: !#WQ8s!?o  
   Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 I8% -ii  
6({)O1Z  
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: _+nk3-yQw  
   I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 ;|Hpg_~%>  
*o\AP([@  
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 TQ:5@1aT  
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 esE!i0%  
   it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: nTGZ2C)c<'  
   We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 Y`{62J8oy  
(n~fe-?}8  
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 8~t8^eBg  
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: RticGQy&5  
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. r&B0 -7r  
错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. K]Vp! G  
*PV7s  
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 ?u?mSO/  
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: l0URJRK{*  
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. zLJmHb{(  
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. }CMGK{  
]+m 2pEO  
7. 否定的转移 +Ek1~i.  
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: jP_s(PQ  
   I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 Ayg^<)JWh  
qm_m8   
. 表语从句 *QWOW g4w  
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat It is because 等结构。例如: C96*,.j~'  
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. RXcN<Y&  
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. ^2 H-_  
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. _h  \L6.  
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. %HtgZeY  
*c=vEQn-  
. 同位语从句 eD2eDxN2  
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1W\wIj.  
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1. 同位语从句的功能 7)[Ve1;/N  
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: ]1>R8  
  1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. "M-';;  
  2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. PX/{!_mM  
czu9a"M>X  
2. 同位语在句子中的位置 |te=DCO  
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: v{ohrpb0v  
   He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. P*7G?  
XR7v\rd  
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 PMbZv%.,-  
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 u=W[ S)w  
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: W!O/t^H>  
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) $.d,>F6  
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) ||wi4T P  
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  N* &T)a  
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 f"j9C% '*  
1____he does has nothingto do with me. 9oGcbD4*  
  A. whatever  B. No matterwhat  C. That  D. If FI?J8a   
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ V-go?b`  
  A. did the quarrel came about    B.the quarrel had come about Xy K,  
  C. had the quarrel come about   D. had the quarrel come about h~9P3 4m  
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. '5$@ I{z  
  A. what B. something C. anything  D. that e<9 ^h)G  
4. Information has been put  forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. =d ;#Nu-  
  A. while B. that C. when D. as j_}:=3  
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. x X3I`  
  A. there   B. in which   C. where  D. when Wj|W B*B  
6. They have no idea at all____. ([rn.b]  
  A. where he has gone        B.where did he go .4"BN<9  
C. which place has he gone   D. where has he gone fUWrR1  
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. pA_u;*  
  A.   that   B. which   C. of which   D.  ofthat 71AYDO  
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. G,?a8(  
  A.  that ;had to leave   B. that; should leave -o"b$[sf=Z  
  C.  /; must leave       D. when; should leave B1~`*~@  
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. +<p&V a#  
  A. There; that   B. It; that   C. there; whether  D. It; whether Fy E# @ R  
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. T|BlFJ0"  
  A. that   B. which   C. whether  D. if E+XS7':I  
11. Is _____he said really true? m`8{arz2  
  A. that  B.  what C. why   D. whether %SIll  
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. #V/{DPz  
  A. That  B. Whether  C. If  D. Where ai?J  
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. b~tu;:  
  A. while   B. if     C. that D. for xL.m<XDL  
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. H6K8.  
  A. Whether   B. This   C. who  D. If qP; 1LAX  
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. K7JZUS`C!  
  A. What  B. That   C. Whether  D. If yZp/P%y  
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. :qj^RcmVPL  
  A. What  B. That    C. Who    D. How ](s5 ;ta   
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. !'# D~   
  A. What; what  B. That; that   C. what; that  D. That ; what U%@C<o "  
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. {#?|&n<  
  A. What      B. It         C. All that     D. That jf;n*  
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. A*+gWn,4Y_  
  A. believed   B.  think    C. say        D. hoped .Y7Kd+)s)L  
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. (m! kg  
  A. What    B. That     C. How   D. Where .7Yox1,  
M'R ] ''  
Keys: W-r^ME  
 1—5 ABABC  6—10 AABAC  11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA  ^ b5+A6?  
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