目录: "Q@m7j)(
第01章 名词性从句 tl dK@!E3
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 -6)n QN
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第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 g 4+K"Q /M
第04章 主谓一致 l WRl
第05章 动词不定式 "M/c0`>C!i
第06章 倒装结构 P%R!\i
第07章 定语从句 DN%}OcpZ
第08章 被动语态 ;Z*rY?v
第09章 祈使句 4q .;\n
第10章 感叹句 "rMfe> ;FJ
第11章 疑问句 q{h,}[U=
第12章 名词 G$,s. MSf
第一章 名词性从句 3w^W6hN)
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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 X>$
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一． 主语从句 cn}15JHdR
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 T"99m^y
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 #pZeGI|'J
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： NrS+N;i
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 |6^a[x3/U
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 }V ]*FCpQ
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） }Rz,}^B
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） ZC2aIJ
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 Pfs_tu
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句 z:S:[X 0
It is a fact that … 事实是… X8v)yDtw
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 Ak
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It is common knowledge that …是常识 mNC?kp
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句 <Z t ]V`-
It is natural that… 很自然… P'iX?+*
It is strange that… 奇怪的是… y~*B%KnEQy
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 6Z1O:Bou
It seems that… 似乎… @[joM*U
It happened that… 碰巧… +s_a{iMVP
It appears that… 似乎… uxdB}H,
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 oeKl\cgFx
It is reported that… 据报道… B (eXWWT_
It has been proved that… 已证实… ?r
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It is said that… 据说… hQ>$ "0K
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： t{UWb~"
（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 Jv
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（2）It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： p-"wY?q
正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. m.6uLaD"!}
错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. zt]8F)l @
（3）Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： wqm{f~nj=
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. &
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错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. 5Th\wTh04
（4）It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： ~Gc@#Msj
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. y+w y<[u
错误表达：Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. r_ m |?U
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（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： h`Ej>O7m
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? e7iQ G@ i7
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely? ;=%cA #}_0
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 9J M f
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what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： = ?/6hB=7<
a) What you said yesterday is right. zB7 ^L^Y
b) That she is still alive is a consolation ?TDmW8G}J
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二．宾语从句 S"+#=C
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 $^e_4]k
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1. 作动词的宾语 &RS)U72
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： o k-q9dM
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 -)"\?+T
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： : @gW3'
a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。
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b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 KI\
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(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： |e+r~).4B
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 j9%vw.3b
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2. 作介词的宾语，例如：
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Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 d.>O`.Mu)}
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3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： ye
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I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 JV;VR9-l
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注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 wC<FF2T
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 .p~.S &)
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： :' !_PN
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 JS >"j d#
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 |z) 7XK
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： |L)qH"Eo
正确表达：I admire theirwinning the match. z)&&Ym#
错误表达：I admire thatthey won the match. ~VF?T~Kr_
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 p!(]`N
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： H//,qxDc
正确表达：He impressedthe manager as an honest man. `LWb L*;Y0
错误表达：He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. yA<
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7. 否定的转移 WZ@$bf}f0
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： [4}U*\/>C
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 tH4+S?PI
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三. 表语从句 ,xC@ @>f
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如： Znh<r[p <
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. {,o 0 N\(
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. mLeK7?GL
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. 2MKB (;k
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. K~\Ocl
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四. 同位语从句 k`,>
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同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 b U>. Bp]
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1. 同位语从句的功能 Ivc/g,
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： k!wEPi]
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. +@yT cz
2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. b,RQ" {
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 ]KRw[}z
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： /.[78:G \,
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. ^/$bd4, z
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 Z[zRZ2'i5
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 - |&&lxrwh
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 2G BE=T
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
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2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） HO9w"){d$
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 'P3jUc)
1．____he does has nothingto do with me. @PyZ u7 '
A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If ^;a~_9
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2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ jk fc=O6 ^
A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about Y4I;-&d's
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about
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3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. ,\=,,1_
A. what B. something C. anything D. that *32hIiCm
4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. jdAjCy; s!
A. while B. that C. when D. as ^K'@W
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. NNP u
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A. there B. in which C. where D. when J>p6')Y6~
6. They have no idea at all____. B
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A. where he has gone B.where did he go zX}t1:nc
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone oZ,_ G,b^
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. =WM^ i86
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat 6g &E v'
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
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A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave 0Tq=nYZA
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave =C 7 WQ
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
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A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether u4vyj#
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10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. T1#r> 3c\
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
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11. Is _____he said really true? lgQ"K(zY
A. that B. what C. why D. whether ~EtwX YkRZ
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. ]+A%3 7
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where #. j}:
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. 7m:ZG
A. while B. if C. that D. for E.eUd4XG
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. W.Cb Nou
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If h0a|R4J
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. /od DJxJ
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A. What B. That C. Whether D. If W`v$-o-
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. 5 D eo}(3
A. What B. That C. Who D. How Hg5 :>?Lw@
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. Z@,[ a
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what Q|xa:`3?
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. "fu:hHq
A. What B. It C. All that D. That ir|c<~_=
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. f 0&%
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped %2y5a`b
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. &EmG\vfE
A. What B. That C. How D. Where sGa}Cf;H@g
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Keys:
A `{hKS
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA H *e +
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