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主题 : 2015北京师范大学考博英语真题语法解析(1)
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楼主  发表于: 2016-11-08   
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2015北京师范大学考博英语真题语法解析(1)

目录: d(9-T@J  
01 名词性从句 riRG9c |  
02 It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 tY:,9eh7B  
03 高中英语语法中的省略现象 F{_,IQ]U  
04 主谓一致 e_g&L)  
05 动词不定式 Z?WVSJUVf  
06 倒装结构 JIqg[Mao  
07 定语从句 ?b93! Q1  
08 被动语态 l}k'ZX4  
09 祈使句 -BWWaL  
10 感叹句 *SpE XO  
11 疑问句 (:h&c6'S)b  
12 名词 2|U6dLZ!  
第一章 名词性从句 J25/Iy*byG  
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(+<66 T O  
  在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 K@/dQV%Z  
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一. 主语从句 J)|I/8!#  
  主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 9[lk=1.qN  
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 5PP^w~n  
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: B__e*d:)!m  
   a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see thefilm.  你不去看那场电影真可惜。 ; 7QG]JX  
   b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 zAev@+.ld  
   c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) wF59g38[z$  
   d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) /CbiYm  
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2. it 作形式主语的结构 NLUO{'uUW  
(1) It is 名词 从句 `.]oH1\  
         It is a fact that 事实是… ps:E(\  
         It is an honor that                     …非常荣幸 2 MW7nIEs  
         It is common knowledge that       …是常识 c>Ri6=C  
(2) It is 形容词 从句 H ]!P[?  
         It is natural that 很自然… Eb CK9  
         It is strange that 奇怪的是… ULs'oT)K;  
(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 XN{zl*`  
         It seems that 似乎… FPPl^  
         It happened that                      碰巧… s0 Z)BR #  
         It appears that 似乎… 5fz K*[B  
(4) It 过去分词 从句 'Z%1Ly^b  
         It is reported that 据报道… )5y" T0]  
         It has been proved that 已证实… NW*#./WdF8  
         It is said that 据说… Vl>KeZ+  
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: w@n}DCFt  
1if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 xr7M#n  
2It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 4X+I2C D  
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. |ZXz&Xor  
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid.  }z|9F(I   
3Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 7r.~L  
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. ]KG.-o30  
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. 6s ~!B{Q  
4It doesnt matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: y9=<q%Kc-  
正确表达:It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Xs'qwL~{`  
       错误表达:Whether he iswrong or not doesnt matter. -(ST   
5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: |2rOV&@l9  
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Z)@[N 6\?  
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely? GCv1x->  
$H]NC-\+>  
4. what that 在引导主语从句时的区别  !$!%era`  
   what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 2iOYC0`!  
   a) What you said yesterday is right. n[ # **s  
   b) That she is still alive is a consolation i->G {_gH  
  #^$_3A Y  
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二.宾语从句 Kxz|0l  
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 CVEo<Tz  
vg _PMy\  
1. 作动词的宾语 sBqOcy  
   (1) that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如: =A$d)&  
          I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 | qelvK*  
   (2) what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如: { 9\/aXPS  
         a)  She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 wx!2/I>  
         b)  I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 o=xMaA  
   (3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如: lQm7`+  
         She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 s'IB{lJ9  
:m/qR74+"  
2. 作介词的宾语,例如: h ]&~yuI>  
   Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 >RpMw!NT  
]v]:8>N  
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如: kX:1=+{xg  
   I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 u),.q7(m  
%[azMlp<  
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 Q:b0!  
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 XJ"xMv  
   it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如: HYY+Fv5  
   We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 A0v@L6m-O  
PpF`0w=1%l  
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 kV!1k<f  
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如: 0V`~z-#  
正确表达:I admire theirwinning the match. }ov>b2H#<  
错误表达:I admire thatthey won the match. A6   
eW} -UeT  
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 MfKru,LSh  
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如: CoWT  
正确表达:He impressedthe manager as an honest man. 1Oak8 \G  
错误表达:He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. Ub4)x  
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7. 否定的转移 -_]Ceq/  
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如: ~~I]SI k{  
   I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 lTtc#  
{BJH}vV1)  
. 表语从句 HL:w*8a  
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason isthat It is because 等结构。例如: (#>Q#Izr  
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. C]ax}P>BQ  
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. =CCddLO  
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. X d1+?2  
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. vVsaGW   
-OKXfN]  
. 同位语从句 Zu P3/d  
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 z: )*Aobwv  
pK /RkA1  
1. 同位语从句的功能 !thFayq  
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: ma"M?aM  
  1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. %Rk0sfLvn  
  2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. y'JJ#7O=  
~uB@oKMru  
2. 同位语在句子中的位置 ,I,Zl.5  
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: .Pux F  
   He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. sp0_f;bC  
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (@O,U  
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 2%`8  
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: u(ETc* D]  
1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) |;U3 pq)  
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分) &@PAv5iNf  
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习 $u)#-X;x  
1____he does has nothingto do with me. ;b_<5S  
  A. whatever  B. No matterwhat  C. That  D. If GzT?I 7|M  
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ W,nn,%  
  A. did the quarrel came about    B.the quarrel had come about 4k6:   
  C. had the quarrel come about   D. had the quarrel come about nyG5sWMpe  
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. HLE%f;  
  A. what B. something C. anything  D. that %XXjQ5p  
4. Information has been put  forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. SNHAL F  
  A. while B. that C. when D. as j ?! /#'  
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. ,JJ1sf2A  
  A. there   B. in which   C. where  D. when $@WA}\D  
6. They have no idea at all____. g_ "B:DR  
  A. where he has gone        B.where did he go \@6V{y'Zo  
C. which place has he gone   D. where has he gone JS&;7Z$KX  
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. #}UI  
  A.   that   B. which   C. of which   D.  ofthat miY=xwK&  
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. O*Z -3 l  
  A.  that ;had to leave   B. that; should leave R ~#&xfMd.  
  C.  /; must leave       D. when; should leave D:N\K/p  
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. X>MDX.Z  
  A. There; that   B. It; that   C. there; whether  D. It; whether 3 gW+|3E  
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. {ka={7  
  A. that   B. which   C. whether  D. if Oc / i'  
11. Is _____he said really true? ;]%Syrzp  
  A. that  B.  what C. why   D. whether 8oJp_sw  
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. :Z3]Dk;y  
  A. That  B. Whether  C. If  D. Where Qgl5Jr.  
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. U H6 Jvt  
  A. while   B. if     C. that D. for &LhR0A  
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. U+@rLQ.-  
  A. Whether   B. This   C. who  D. If x\5\KGw16  
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. W)u9VbPk[  
  A. What  B. That   C. Whether  D. If eXtlqU$  
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. [} "m4+  
  A. What  B. That    C. Who    D. How x< ) T,c5Y  
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. l ZD"7om  
  A. What; what  B. That; that   C. what; that  D. That ; what 6W N(Tw  
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. 8?t}S2n2  
  A. What      B. It         C. All that     D. That ;VgB!  
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. ZJ |&t  
  A. believed   B.  think    C. say        D. hoped lJU]sZ9~b  
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. ajD/)9S  
  A. What    B. That     C. How   D. Where (.9H1aO46|  
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Keys: ]goPjfWvU"  
 1—5 ABABC  6—10 AABAC  11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA Opf^#6'mq  
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