目录: p&Nav,9x
第01章 名词性从句 %LC)sSq{H
第02章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解 ;C o"bP's
第03章 高中英语语法中的省略现象 |mG;?>c)
第04章 主谓一致 zx "EAF{
第05章 动词不定式 \I
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第06章 倒装结构 exSwx-zxI
第07章 定语从句 _6. @^\;
第08章 被动语态 4`v[p4k
第09章 祈使句 JYjc^m
第10章 感叹句 sR PQr ?
第11章 疑问句 mhIGunK;+
第12章 名词 3<Fq K \P
第一章 名词性从句 (.oDxs()I
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在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 i)@vHh82
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一． 主语从句 Zq1> M'V;
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 6"?#s/fk
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1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 jku Nafp}
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： {Q K9pZB
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see thefilm. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 Vas Q/
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 *Z"Kvj;> u
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） t?uw^nV 3E
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） F r2
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2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 QBoX3w=
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句 n!b*GXb\
It is a fact that … 事实是… [MC}zd'/
It is an honor that …非常荣幸 8r\xQr'8h
It is common knowledge that …是常识 mOjl0n[To]
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
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It is natural that… 很自然… B;{sr 'CP
It is strange that… 奇怪的是… XnvaT(k7Y
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 tK <) A)
It seems that… 似乎… !q PUQ+
It happened that… 碰巧… V |0UwS\n
It appears that… 似乎… VxAR,a1+n
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 'Uo:b<
It is reported that… 据报道… RzSN,bL R
It has been proved that… 已证实… KQqQ@D&n
It is said that… 据说… L/cbq*L
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3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： K
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（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 Y!s/uvRI
（2）It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： /L[: C=u
正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nextweek. 4 ]8PF
错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week issaid. X}bgRz j
（3）Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： ')FNudsC
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. X!_OOfueP8
错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. S"Zs'7dy`
（4）It doesn’t matterhow/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： j({L6</x
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. IweQB} d
错误表达：Whether he iswrong or not doesn’t matter. $S cjEG:6
（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： @o^s p|k !
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? J<zg 'Jk^
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely? C,z]q$4
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4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 Vis?cuU/
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： \)"qN^we
a) What you said yesterday is right. | )_< JAN
b) That she is still alive is a consolation 6$5M^3$-
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二．宾语从句 6%xl}z]o
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。 Fu>
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1. 作动词的宾语 MdfkC6P
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： TPzoU"
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I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 p 5' \< gQ
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： d$Xvax,C
a) She did not know what hadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。 w/<hyEpxg
b) I wonder whether you canchange this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 A| +{x4s`
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： lqs_7HhvRS
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。 BW;u? 1Xa
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2. 作介词的宾语，例如： ] 7O?c=
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。 WQ]pg
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3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： %"6IAt
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。 zYNJF> ^<
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注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 ~eP 2PG
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4. it 可以作为形式宾语 YGO@X(ej,
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： +A3 H#'
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。 (!(bysi9
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5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 Id0F2 [
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： wMoAvA_o S
正确表达：I admire theirwinning the match. d w|0K+-PH
错误表达：I admire thatthey won the match. > R <fm
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6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 4@I]PG
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order,accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： G
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正确表达：He impressedthe manager as an honest man. Xn=fLb(
错误表达：He impressedthe manager that he was an honest man. d8#j@='a*
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7. 否定的转移 a
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若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： Izu .I_$4
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 %"zJsYQ!
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三. 表语从句 ]Yex#K
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason isthat… 和It is because 等结构。例如： 3#[I _
1) The question is whether we can makegood preparation in such a short time. `%3p.~>
2) This is why we can’t get the support ofthe people. Cj+=9Dc
3) But the fact remains that we are behindthe other classes. >lm L
4) The reason he is late for school isthat he missed the early bus. P} `1#$
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四. 同位语从句 !%r`'|9y
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 s_!Z +D$K
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1. 同位语从句的功能 c^IEj1@}'?
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： I:<R@V<~#
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople. CaBS0 '
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2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. rbbu SI
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2. 同位语在句子中的位置 G N c|)$
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： ^ZUgDQduc
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. wf%Ep#^6}
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3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ?
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(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 Po. B
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(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
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1) The news that he told me is that Tomwould go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） W%K8HAP "
2)The news that Tom would go abroad istold by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） Gw^= kzh
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高一英语名词性从句专项练习
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1．____he does has nothingto do with me. W r7e_
A. whatever B. No matterwhat C. That D. If %uqD\ `-
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____ @ ]we m
A. did the quarrel came about B.the quarrel had come about M ;V#G m
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about M`p TT5r
3. Energy is ____makes thing work.. Prz +kPP
A. what B. something C. anything D. that E/$@ud|l"
4. Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. *1S. 9L
A. while B. that C. when D. as x~Ly$A 2p
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. } %CbZ/7&
A. there B. in which C. where D. when o\;"|O}
6. They have no idea at all____. RdvTtXg
A. where he has gone B.where did he go ss@}Dt^
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone UJ)M:~O
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die ofthe disease. J ~'Q^O3@
A. that B. which C. of which D. ofthat ^
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8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning. ^ O Xr: P
A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave ;4v}0N~.
C. /; must leave D. when; should leave "q>I?UcZ
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match. \{=`F`oB=
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether 3et2\wOX1x
10. The question came up at themeeting_____ we had enough money for our research. C\^< v&
A. that B. which C. whether D. if -WBz]GW4r
11. Is _____he said really true? +IO1ipc4cE
A. that B. what C. why D. whether +6 M+hO]
12.____the meeting should last two days orthree days doesn’t matter. XvkI +c
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where U[ e 8 K
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair wasturning gray. .6 ?>t!&W
A. while B. if C. that D. for VfA5r`^
14. ???_____more countries can use naturalenergy in the future remains to be seen. CBno uKc:
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If G<^]0`"+)t
15.____he will go to work in a mountainvillage surprises all of us. 0B$7S, 2
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If <,4R2'
16. ____you don’t like him is none of mybusiness. ['Y+z2k
A. What B. That C. Who D. How :CkR4J!m3
17.____all the inventions have in commonis ____they have succeeded. _`X#c-J
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what "X{ aS}
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed thefood very much. F`BgKH!
A. What B. It C. All that D. That l@Eq|y,
19. It is widely ______that smoking cancause cancer. OBw`!G*w
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped ,7fc41O3V
20. ____caused the accident is still acomplete mystery. C/CfjR zd
A. What B. That C. How D. Where bhq q
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Keys: .KU SNrs'
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA [6_Du6\h
