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中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试英语试题
中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试英语试题 o>WB,i^ G Part I. Vocabulary (20%) # &zM.O1Q 21NGsG Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. V"Cx5#\7C w`BY>Xft0 1. Let's give a big _____to tonight's prize-winner. w
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A. respect B. shout S]!s)q-- z grD[7;1~:) C. praise D. hand *JnY0xP X,5}i5'! 2. It was a depressed and divided country, accustomed to failure and of change. #jrtsv] L
hp A. definite B. curious o<h2]TN (g" {A C. suspicious D. anxious 5Zf^co u vEy0DHEE 3. The secret of the____ of Wal- mart in the retailing industry lies in is single-minded and skillful pantsuit of the lowest prices. M)x6m|.= vHJOpQmt~ A. unalleviated B, uncombed vYFtw L` gB
_/( C. unprecedented D. unaccompanied kM6i{{Q Ky0}phGRu 4. Those who got angry and crazy set fire to cars and shops in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, then the problems_____. <OH{7>V e{Q;,jsh A. evolved B. evaporated
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C. escalated D, exalted sX@}4[)<& p<
Y-b,& 5. The supervisor, his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some talented young students. LC1WVK/ >jU25"XI[ A. stumbled over B. got over Iuyq!R4:7 z*a-=w0 C. dashed to D. gave out &k@\k<2Ia LR "=( 6, it is evident that no one, no matter how much they _____ is immunity from the effect of advertising. {|d28!8w kYhV1I
A, refuse B. reflect )/t&a$[ l
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sNy C. proclaim D. protest TU6(Q,Yi| $@D*/@ 7. "It's probably just stress." How many times have you uttered those words to yourself to____ a headache, pain or illness? r|63T%q! sYq:2Wn>8Q A. dismiss B. dispose 3'Hz,qP ZEp>~dn; C. dispel D. disrupt *HsA.W~2W +/[L-&, 8. Schools and colleges have no right to use our public money to promote conduct that is _____to the religious and moral values of parents and taxpayers. {2%'=v p[O\}MAd# A. conducive B. comparable ~<.{z]*O 1COSbi] Caponizing D. offensive n$lVmQ6 :GN++\1pw 9. The old farmer his wife, living until 105 years of age. 74
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o [ A. beat B. survived 04WxV(fo' G|*&owJ C. lasted D. endured MgP&9 d
A'0'M 10. He didn't know anything about business, so starting his own was______ 27+~!R~Yw o!ZG@k?# . A. a climb to power B. a leap in the dark <-mhz`^
G!`PP C. a run on the bank D. a step backwards K_AdMXF9 o[1#)& 11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply _______ most people resent intensive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent business from defrauding, exploiting the public. .p]rS
=# bSz@@s. A. hostile B. emotional F @<h:V
VP obGhO C. ambiguous D. cynical <$@I*xk[ 73 4t 12. Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been _______ that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started. 1
{5t. d&+0JI< A. specification B. suspicion [!>9K}z,= W
mbIz[un C. simulation D. speculation FW5v
1s= Q lA?dXQ 13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesman's stock______. J>k
6`gw j74hWz+p4 A. in trade B. in reserve m[(_fOd :<s`) C. in effect D. in business yf;TIh%)= ij|>hQC5i 14. Innovative product platforms like the portable transistor radio and the_____ walkman the digital lifestyle era. mBJr*_p jV9oTH- A. set the Stage for B. shed light on BVj(Q}f8 sa&`CEa C. made sense of D. gave a hand to :8j7}' Xtfs)" 15. Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of _____, is the first step in learning to be creative. \gkhSLq a|=^ A. resolution B. elegance ^-Ygh[x S 6_:\Q C. aspiration D. originality
mhX66R cC>Svf[CzK Rzh.zvxTp 16. Our parents love us because we are their children, and this is an fact. so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else. "&/2
@ $/|) ,n A. unambiguous B. uncontrollable @&EIH,c K6
>\4'q C. unalterable D. unintentional @M B)B5 AoOA.t6RVo 17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices. enZZ+|h ,c^nW A. economy B. elegance ypG*41
0+ $gR~^^ C. depth D. neatness kE.4 # #=S^i[K/ 18. It is the vast number of irresponsible dog owners which has roused public and demands for tighter controls. s[y.gR.( {QylNC9 A. obsession B. apprehension :>;F4gGVG LtX53c C. exclamation D. indignation >(ip-R Q8AAu&te7 19. Talking to children about the death of others is a subject that adults_____away from very strongly. zD<W`_z @`C'tfG
/4 A. shy B. stay
7+hF1eoI TUC)S&bC C. slip D. skip [8IO0lul+ d[p2?] 20. That's all fight, it is better to the feeling than to let it build up. [bP^
RY: pKy4***I3 A. displace B. disarm 9l&q} :,aY|2si C. discharge D. dispatch !pw)sO~ f+uyO7 21. Many people are to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital. *0^~@
U jK]1X8 A. insensitive B. allergic C. sensible D. infected :M6v<Kg{; `}#rc
DK 22. When you're driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right ___ /CNsGx%% .cQO?UKK A. way B. track C. road D. lane G/Sp/I<d v;o1c44; 23. The motorist had to ____ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road. 2.niB> }#H,oy;Dz A. swerve B. twist C. depart D. swing 8CZfz
!2 ?PMbbqa0 24. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from on icy roads. 3PU_STSix A5yVxSF A. skating B. skidding C. sliding D. slipping pvyEs|f=% WSH[*jMA 25. This project would __ a huge increase in defense spending. H)D|lt5xy K9k!P8Rd A. result B. assure C. entail D. accomplish x5Lbe5/P b+|Jw\k 26. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed. 6(`N!]e*L nTr%S&<+" A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow Qs,\P^n ~hvj3zC5xz 27. We should make a clear ___ between "competent" and "proficient" for the purposes of our discussion. ?lsK?>uU
)C8^'*! A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference (46'#E z[F *XhlIQ 28. In the present economic we can make even greater progress than previously. uxU-N 1WMZ$vsQUb A. air B. mood C. area D. climate Ol }5ry j;-Wf6h{ 29. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards__ it should rank high on any list of science fiction. 0#J~@1Gf Z\IM~- A. consistently B. consequently C. invariably D. fortunately C{J5:ak 'lZlfS:Z8 30. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. L K#A _k2R^/9Ct% A. exploited B. controversial C. inexhaustible D. remarkable 2O=$[b3 ]AY 4bm 31. his expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in to his income. ..8t1+S6] S!8<|WO^t A. comparison B. proportion C. association D. calculation .Od:#(aq ~DK.Y
32. Although he has become rich, he is still very of his money. b\}a
V|'@D#\ A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful \|Af26 %]LoR$|Y 33. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to the weekly staff DS(>R!bb meeting. |
M7C=z=' gtuSJ+up A. preside B. introduce C. chair D. dominate zq</(5H fYP,V0P 34. The of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek. 8`*5[ L~~/ u*
pQVU A. origin B. generation C. descent D. cause lu{
*]! oYw?kxRZ 35. The hook was a work of such that it took 20 years to write. "> Qxb.Y} vb~%u;zrC@ A. magnitude B. extent C. degree D. amount )W\)kDh! viG= Ap.Th 36. The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber's arrest. R9A:"sJ pA .orx A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward 6Mc&=}bV t[!,puZc# 37. I arrived at the airport so late that I missed the plane. D/=05E%[81 #eKKH]J/ A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom }`
3- ;b [>{Q; 38. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely ___. wBpt
W2jA %t&Lq }e A. unjustified B. unjust C. misguided D. unaccepted l^R:W#*+U -J63'bb7oi 39. The head of the Museum was ___ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts. A/=cGE P7}w^#x A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging k`>qb8, 3)VO{C
j! 40. The multi-national corporation was making a take-over ___ for a property company. )b nGZ8h99 qsp3G7\'= A. application B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion ;,U@zB;\%( Eo$l-Hl5= Part II. Reading Comprehension (30%) <tTNtBb o
Rk 'I Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A, xqk(id\& B,C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a Jy:@&c single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Cx
aI@+ = z5=? Passage one N''xdz3Z rMG[,:V Many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern ui8$ F
"I* woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of C,;<SV2# work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for A["6dbvv adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time uu4!e{K saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes ~*h)`uM have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and Q +hOW- water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to +
,]&& pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital DDIRJd<J investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make Nc6y]eGz cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the o r ~@! woman in the women's magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals, one im>/$!&OyI realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A careful balance has to 7 HL
Uk3 be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it up with a complicated recipe OvdBUcp[ on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, BB,-HhYT0 but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of 4cm~oZ her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg jz'%(6#'gW herself, to produce .. that lovely home-baked. flavor the family love" , and knitting y54RD/`- patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became V'.gE6we tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are zxv y& advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by pOy(XUV9O professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work. %RIu'JXi
pdQaVe7tRo 41. According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to 2#`d:@r liberate women ,^iT,MgNNf qk&BCkPT A. remove unpleasant aspects of housework. {dl@#Tu 'wLW`GX. B. save the housewife very little time. W70BRXe04D iee`Yg!EOH C. save the housewife's time but not her money. 8r.MODZG/ $iy(+} D. have absolutely no value for the housewife. [di&N!Ao S@L%X<Vm 42. According to the context, "capital investment" refers to money >vfLlYx b!;WF
A. spent on a washing machine. B. borrowed from the bank. Z!?T&: Mb%[Qp60 C. saved in the bank. D. lent to other people." su=]gE@ 1N8YD .3 43. The goods advertised in women's magazines are really meant to SkXx:@ i\L7z)u A. free housewives from housework. B. encourage housewives to go out to `? f sU work. w4&-9[@Y f2$<4Hhmm C. turn housewives into excellent cooks. D. give them a false sense of fulfillment. IC. R4- u7u1lx>S 44. The example of automatic cookers in the end supports that the home electric YP}r15P goods ___ u z>V Z5>} A. completely liberate the modem woman B. only change the nature of work ]O68~+6 nqujT8 C. indeed eliminate the tedious work D. actually have novelty value 3n TpL# +?[iB"F 45. From this passage, we can infer that the writer is ___ about the home electric '~Gk{'Nx" goods for liberating the modem women. oth=#hfU^ 6~(iLtd# A. opponent B. pessimistic C. happy D. concerned \E:l
E/y Ds%~J Passage two \M-$|04Qt wo!;Bxo
N The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the _;5N@2? goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, 'ZQR@~G therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in lF1ieg"i M this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can EY
9N{ buy:" goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and en- SSI('6Z/ tertainment. |zSoA=7? +LAj h)m A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most f)f GGwHz]1L which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a ~C2[5r{So country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and ns1@=f cO so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a 5;-?qcb^w fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. )OcG$H NK Kf7v_T/ Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries -J=N are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and #>\+6W
17U external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their 'xY@I`x resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, ;X3bgA'] enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to gcfEJN4' produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well K2R[u#Q ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. pI|H9 Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians UA}oOteG are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely d4zqLD$A unskilled. %@d~)f :X6A9jmd A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is #e8NF,H5 produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly )FrXD3p
produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and o!+jPwEU other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those lx&ME
#~ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be \WeGO.i- traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A yr
/p3ys country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, h[O!kwE provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. D'823,-). lU<n Wf 46. The standard of living in a country is determined by #Mz
N7 jpCQ2 XD: A. its goods and services. B. the type of wealth produced. 85fBKpEe x-_!I>l& C. how well it can create wealth. D. what an ordinary person can share. _YH)E^If {AY`\G 47. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT `" E | Iz#h:O A. people's share of its goods. B. political and social stability. h.6yI U9KnW]O%" C. qualities of its workers. D. use of natural resources. 9*%Uoy: zA![c l>$ 48. According to the passage, ___ play an equally important role in determining a 0FHX
country's standard of living. $e! i4pM $siiG|)C1 A. farm products B. industrial goods 8yH) 8:w }cll? 2 C. foodstuffs D. export & import {}ZQK X}yEMe{T 49. The manufacturing capacity may be a key factor to a higher standard of living J0}OmNTzD when one country @Zs}8YhC h!f7/)|[o A. has traded her manufacture. B. has established her wealth. 7:1c5F~M e/WR\B'1 C. has been an industrialized one D. has produced surplus manufactured goods i8nCTW ?Ee HeN_ Passage three }Y5Sf"~M ,c6ID|\ How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we P'Jw: )k( are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are :<s)QD content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends Od'!v
& of fashion. er}/~@JJ ]7
ROCJ; Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should _.Y?BAQ
dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be ab
tAkf able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently QhK]>d. and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. fw_V'l#\ A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do 2_0OSbFv'P not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers q]tPsX5{* show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow
Xi5ZQo!t the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. {3C~cK{ HW{osav9 What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity )k3zOKZ; or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for w1aa5-aF example. In cold climates, early building were cold inside, so people wore hats zHr1FxD indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a Ud
:v3"1 depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men 'uBW1, followed his example. ?DkMzR)u H__9%p# There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, [X=-x=S, short skirts became fashionable. Meter World War II , they dropped to ankle length. j"/i+r{"E Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. Meter a few more `R fhxz
I years, skirts became longer again. ]~ )FMWQz- /_?Ly$>' Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to '6fMF#X4F dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the mT>56\63 way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity 7f'9Dm` of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly yEy
}
PCJ& expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. uE-~7Q(@ ^x4I At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then v$w!hYsQ we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for. a \Zqgr/.w/ job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit KDuM; some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. S-npJh
6 However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. &n6mXFF#>P Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either! r@H<@Vuc uY,&lX+! 50. The author thinks that people are Xp{+){Iu *;(LKRV A. satisfied with their appearance. ATv.3cy
qXkc~{W_ B. concerned about appearance in old age. 0~H
(GG$VH OO]~\j C. far from neglecting what is in fashion. N't*e Ci @U_w:Q<9u D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion. M ZB0vdx }L{en 51. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to @O5-w .ZFs+8
qU> A. confidence in life. B. personal dress. }>=k!l{ K~5QL/=1 C. individual hair style. D. personal future. 7Kn
Z :;t*:iG 52. According to the passage, changing fashions reflected in all of the following
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