中国人民大学 2008 年博士生入学考试英语试题

Part I. Vocabulary (20%)

Directions: Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

1. Let's give a big _____to tonight's prize-winner.

A. respect B. shout

C. praise D. hand

2. It was a depressed and divided country, accustomed to failure and of change.

A. definite B. curious

C. suspicious D. anxious

3. The secret of the____ of Wal- mart in the retailing industry lies in is single-minded and skillful pantsuit of the lowest prices.

A. unalleviated B, uncombed

C. unprecedented D. unaccompanied

4. Those who got angry and crazy set fire to cars and shops in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, then the problems_____.

A. evolved B. evaporated

C. escalated D, exalted

5. The supervisor, his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some talented young students.

A. stumbled over B. got over

C. dashed to D. gave out

6, it is evident that no one, no matter how much they _____ is immunity from the effect of advertising.

A, refuse B. reflect

C. proclaim D. protest

7. "It's probably just stress." How many times have you uttered those words to yourself to____ a headache, pain or illness?

A. dismiss B. dispose

C. dispel D. disrupt

8. Schools and colleges have no right to use our public money to promote conduct that is _____to the religious and moral values of parents and taxpayers.

A. conducive B. comparable

Caponizing D. offensive

9. The old farmer his wife, living until 105 years of age.

A. beat B. survived

C. lasted D. endured

10. He didn't know anything about business, so starting his own was______

. A. a climb to power B. a leap in the dark

C. a run on the bank D. a step backwards

11. Public attitudes toward business regulations are deeply _______ most people resent intensive government rules, yet they expect government to prevent business from defrauding, exploiting the public.

A. hostile B. emotional

C. ambiguous D. cynical

12. Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been _______ that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started.

A. specification B. suspicion

C. simulation D. speculation

13. A quick wit and a warm smile were the salesman's stock______.

A. in trade B. in reserve

C. in effect D. in business

14. Innovative product platforms like the portable transistor radio and the_____ walkman the digital lifestyle era.

A. set the Stage for B. shed light on

C. made sense of D. gave a hand to

15. Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of _____, is the first step in learning to be creative.

A. resolution B. elegance

C. aspiration D. originality

16. Our parents love us because we are their children, and this is an fact. so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else.

A. unambiguous B. uncontrollable

C. unalterable D. unintentional

17. As a journalist Hemingway trained himself in of expression. His deliberate avoidance of very attractive adjectives is some of the traces of his early journalistic practices.

A. economy B. elegance

C. depth D. neatness

18. It is the vast number of irresponsible dog owners which has roused public and demands for tighter controls.

A. obsession B. apprehension

C. exclamation D. indignation

19. Talking to children about the death of others is a subject that adults_____away from very strongly.

A. shy B. stay

C. slip D. skip

20. That's all fight, it is better to the feeling than to let it build up.

A. displace B. disarm

C. discharge D. dispatch

21. Many people are to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.

A. insensitive B. allergic C. sensible D. infected

22. When you're driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right ___

A. way B. track C. road D. lane

23. The motorist had to ____ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road.

A. swerve B. twist C. depart D. swing

24. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from on icy roads.

A. skating B. skidding C. sliding D. slipping

25. This project would __ a huge increase in defense spending.

A. result B. assure C. entail D. accomplish

26. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed.

A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow

27. We should make a clear ___ between "competent" and "proficient" for the purposes of our discussion.

A. separation B. division C. distinction D. difference

28. In the present economic we can make even greater progress than previously.

A. air B. mood C. area D. climate

29. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards__ it should rank high on any list of science fiction.

A. consistently B. consequently C. invariably D. fortunately

30. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.

A. exploited B. controversial C. inexhaustible D. remarkable

31. his expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in to his income.

A. comparison B. proportion C. association D. calculation

32. Although he has become rich, he is still very of his money.

A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful

33. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to the weekly staff
meeting.

A. preside B. introduce C. chair D. dominate

34. The of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.

A. origin B. generation C. descent D. cause

35. The hook was a work of such that it took 20 years to write.

A. magnitude B. extent C. degree D. amount

36. The police have offered a large for information leading to the robber's arrest.

A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward

37. I arrived at the airport so late that I missed the plane.

A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom

38. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely ___.

A. unjustified B. unjust C. misguided D. unaccepted

39. The head of the Museum was ___ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.

A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging

40. The multi-national corporation was making a take-over ___ for a property company.

A. application B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion

Part II. Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: Read the following passages and then choose the best answer (from A,
B,C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a
single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage one

Many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern
woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of
work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for
adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time
saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes
have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and
water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to
pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital
investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make
cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. If one compares the image of the
woman in the women's magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals, one
realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A careful balance has to
be struck: if you show a labor-saving device, follow it up with a complicated recipe
on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job,
but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of
her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg
herself, to produce .. that lovely home-baked. flavor the family love" , and knitting
patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became
tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are
advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by
professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work.

41. According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to
liberate women

A. remove unpleasant aspects of housework.

B. save the housewife very little time.

C. save the housewife's time but not her money.

D. have absolutely no value for the housewife.

42. According to the context, "capital investment" refers to money

A. spent on a washing machine. B. borrowed from the bank.

C. saved in the bank. D. lent to other people."

43. The goods advertised in women's magazines are really meant to

A. free housewives from housework. B. encourage housewives to go out to
work.

C. turn housewives into excellent cooks. D. give them a false sense of fulfillment.

44. The example of automatic cookers in the end supports that the home electric
goods ___

A. completely liberate the modem woman B. only change the nature of work

C. indeed eliminate the tedious work D. actually have novelty value

45. From this passage, we can infer that the writer is ___ about the home electric
goods for liberating the modem women.

A. opponent B. pessimistic C. happy D. concerned

Passage two

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the
goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living,
therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in
this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can
buy:" goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and en-
tertainment.

A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most f)f
which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a
country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and
so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a
fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them.

Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries
are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and
external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their
resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion,
enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to
produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well
ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people.
Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians
are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely
unskilled.

A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is
produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly
produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and
other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those
grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be
traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A
country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity,
provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

46. The standard of living in a country is determined by

A. its goods and services. B. the type of wealth produced.

C. how well it can create wealth. D. what an ordinary person can share.

47. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT

A. people's share of its goods. B. political and social stability.

C. qualities of its workers. D. use of natural resources.

48. According to the passage, ___ play an equally important role in determining a
country's standard of living.

A. farm products B. industrial goods

C. foodstuffs D. export & import

49. The manufacturing capacity may be a key factor to a higher standard of living
when one country

A. has traded her manufacture. B. has established her wealth.

C. has been an industrialized one D. has produced surplus manufactured goods

Passage three

How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we
are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are
content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends
of fashion.

Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should
dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be
able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently
and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress.
A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do
not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers
show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow
the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.

What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity
or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for
example. In cold climates, early building were cold inside, so people wore hats
indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a
depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men
followed his example.

There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America,
short skirts became fashionable. Meter World War II , they dropped to ankle length.
Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. Meter a few more
years, skirts became longer again.

Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to
dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the
way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity
of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly
expensive fashions of the top fashion houses.

At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then
we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for. a
job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit
some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club.
However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo.
Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either!

50. The author thinks that people are

A. satisfied with their appearance.

B. concerned about appearance in old age.

C. far from neglecting what is in fashion.

D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion.

51. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to

A. confidence in life. B. personal dress.

C. individual hair style. D. personal future.

52. According to the passage, changing fashions reflected in all of the following

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