考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 ~G^+.
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    1. 充当句子的状语。 f!GFRMM1  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 q_>=| b  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 =PjdL32  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) dOgc%(kz  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. UK@hnQU8`  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. $3970ni,?O  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). = P$7 "  
　　真题剖析 O=!EqaExW  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. $"Ci{iE  
　　45. A. For ~"R;p}5"  
　　B. As #.OCoc  
　　C. With `<R^ZL,  
　　D. Because ?i~mt'O  
　　练习： =}SC .E\  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. x.(Sv]+[  
　　8. A. is `
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　　B. having s8r[U, }(  
　　C. being dda*gq/p  
　　D. be >-CNHb  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 :C#(yp  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 RUV:  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 {w9GMqq  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 tW3Nry  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 rPJbbV",+^  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 uup>WW  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 $-mwr,i  
　　would rather +动词过去式 mH4Jl1S&  
　　真题剖析 *U|2u+| F  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … (V8lmp-F  
　　47. A. do ]y/!GFQ  
　　B. did ~5_>$7L>  
　　C. don’t *W1:AGpz  
　　D. didn’t V#d8fRm  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. /m*+N9)  
　　53. A. ordered aK'%E3!~=x  
　　B. pleaded koOp:7r  
　　C. decided 7E)*]7B%  
　　D. demanded ]1i1_AR'`  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. J[4IO  
　　15. A. took soB5sFt&]  
　　B. would take $pYT#_P!/  
　　C. will take Qj/.x#T  
　　D. should take oxgh;v*  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. x[eho,6)  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) uSn<]OrZo`  
　　54.A. shall W{*w<a_`  
　　B.will VA@t8H,  
　　C.would RS1c+]rr  
　　D.should b:>t1S Ul  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 y6 _,U/9
 
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) j`$d W H/2  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) bpWEF b'f  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 DAtZp%
 
　　真题剖析 0!!z'm3  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ^SH8*7l7  
　　60. A. dropped 2<' 1m{  
　　B. to drop >YW_}kd  
　　C. dropping ~^pV>>LX|  
　　D.drops 2YL)" w  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. 7Eett)4  
　　59. A. destructive n%Gk {h5  
　　B. dissatisfied A ^wIsAxT  
　　C. damaged E[N3`"  
　　D. derivative y7)$~R):-  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 BLskUrPF  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. +Tug.[A  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. l;C00ZBOc  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 Nn%[J+
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　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. `96PY!$u  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 C0$KpUB  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 -l #h^  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). Ckc4U. t|  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 (s2ke  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. /T_@rm  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) .+ w#n<  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) ,J3s1 ]~^  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. !C$bOhc  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) D[5Qd)PIL  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. ^t'mfG|DV  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 `X06JTqf:  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.  @{|vW  
　　真题剖析 Z+*t=?L,,G  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. +hJ@w-u,G  
　　53. A. none Pq@%MF]5  
　　B. few zFn-VEJ)  
　　C. any 9Rg|oCP_  
　　D. some [Pnk@jIk4  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 EqV]/0-\  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” G{ 9p.Q  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. #H;yXsR`  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. *}hx9:9\B  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) rLU+-_  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. NR*s7>