考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 lIL{*q(  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 [=I==?2`X  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 ^,;8ra*h  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 834dsl+U  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) wPU<jAQyp  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. E$84c+  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. 5&*B2ZBzH  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). spt='!)4  
　　真题剖析 Yl6\}_h`  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. RDu'N  
　　45. A. For c;e2= A  
　　B. As J]| lCwF  
　　C. With ]xIfgSq  
　　D. Because p@7[w@B\c  
　　练习： ihJC)m`Hbl  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. #TX=%x6  
　　8. A. is |cBpX+D  
　　B. having ;|LS$O1c  
　　C. being sR. ecs+  
　　D. be 5Y&s+|   
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 "kjjq~l  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 FT* o;&_QS  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 J dDP  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 THmX=K4=?  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 TvWhy`RQ  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 hsQrHs'k  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 $W8  
　　would rather +动词过去式 nD+vMG1~w  
　　真题剖析 6#k Ap+g7  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … 8P3EQY-  
　　47. A. do N3nk\)V\E  
　　B. did WbS2w @8  
　　C. don’t ud`.}H~aB  
　　D. didn’t kl|KFdA;  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. .JpYZ |  
　　53. A. ordered ]*^mT&$7  
　　B. pleaded h@z(yB j:0  
　　C. decided f#l/N%VoBZ  
　　D. demanded V&_5q`L  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. kvdzD6T 9  
　　15. A. took {nbD5?   
　　B. would take cmu5KeH  
　　C. will take UJ)\E ^Hp  
　　D. should take OZ_'&CZ  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. S&V5zB""n  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) oj<.axA,  
　　54.A. shall ;sa
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　　B.will "0g1'az}  
　　C.would ;X\>oV3#  
　　D.should 5Lt&P 5BY  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 ,KIa+&vJW@  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ~?6V-m{>#  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) d<qbUk3;  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,_Fq*6  
　　真题剖析 \x x<\8Qr_  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. PF!Q2t5c3  
　　60. A. dropped >lyUr*4PX  
　　B. to drop
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　　C. dropping vUgLWd  
　　D.drops #joU}Rj|  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. 2X)E3V/*  
　　59. A. destructive S,3e|-&$  
　　B. dissatisfied \Ul*Nsw  
　　C. damaged .^djB x  
　　D. derivative $}OU~d1q  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 `-s+ zG  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me.  M5exo   
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. g;v{JB  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 \(Zdd \,  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 4m#i4  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 * 2T &pX  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 +5?hkQCX1^  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). G5=(3V%  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 +VDl"Hx  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. 1oj7R7  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) !&E>8h  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) pR 1v^m|  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. :XBeGNI*#  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) s.C-II?e  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. b |m$ W  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 z O$SL8U  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. bU2)pD!N  
　　真题剖析 )V)4N[?GC  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. f:"es: Fb  
　　53. A. none qdZn9i  
　　B. few JYm@Llf)$  
　　C. any nsw.\(#  
　　D. some rI;e!EW  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 VC>K W{&J0  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” o~<fw]y  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. _jU6[y|XLh  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. GsqrKrbJ  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) \e'>$8%T  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. z56W5g2