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主题 : 考博英语语法详解(一)
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考博英语语法详解(一)

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则,是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术,语法可分为两大部分:词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化,句法主要讲句子的种类和类型,句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性,在此,整理了考博英语必备语法知识点,希望考生们学以致用,考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法:独立主格          \{+nXn  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 xJF6l!`  
  2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 gQk#l\w _  
  3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词  8H%I|fm  
  4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) =Zb"T5E  
  例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 8NF;k5   
  b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. (fk, 80  
  c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). p$b= r+1f  
  真题剖析 3Ld ;zW  
  (1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are  46  of the material which would 47 feed them. M;vlQ"Yl'  
  45. A. For /Y\E68_Fh  
  B. As !>kv.`|7~  
  C. With i37a}.;  
  D. Because fFTvf 0j  
  练习: X5 oW[  
  Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. XpAq=p0;  
  8. A. is O"s`-OM;n  
  B. having kO`3ENN  
  C. being  7^t(RNq  
  D. be "/K&qj  
LOb'<R\p  
18w^7!F?~u  
二考博英语语法:虚拟语气  虚拟语气 b mq XP  
  1. (should)+动词原形 T~~$=vP9  
  It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 )Fr;'JYC1S  
  It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ZEyGqCf3  
  It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 u+tb83 ~[=  
  部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 )6R#k8'ERr  
  2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 3 ws(uF9$  
  would rather +动词过去式 qL;T&h  
  真题剖析 ]E8<;t)#  
  (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … O\8|niW|  
  47. A. do Jx ;"a\KD  
  B. did W0T i ^@  
  C. don’t %WT:RT_  
  D. didn’t j UR  #  
  (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they  53 that the professor be sent home. A"3&EuvU  
  53. A. ordered \^(vlcy  
  B. pleaded ^FMa8;'o  
  C. decided '%RK KA  
  D. demanded  nIDsCu=A  
  练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that   we__15__ this message to heart. k42ur)pb  
  15. A. took @SG="L  
  B. would take (cA|N0  
  C. will take NlEWm8u   
  D. should take <^'+ ]?  
  (2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. utl=O  
  (even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) hSKH#NS  
  54.A. shall sPTUGx '  
  B.will ?_j6})2zY  
  C.would 59Q Q_#>  
  D.should m'"VuH?^  
p{svXP K  
4NR5?s  
三考博英语语法:非谓语动词  动名词、分词、不定式。 NE%yv,B  
  主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) x&/Syb  
  发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ;xtb2c8HT  
  To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 PZg]zz=V4  
  真题剖析 [%,=0P}  
  (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ~(L+4]  
  60. A. dropped 2|>wY%  
  B. to drop UkbQ'P+oS  
  C. dropping x  Bw.M{  
  D.drops 5 ^J8<s@_  
  (2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining   relationships, from developing in human ways. SA n=9MG  
  59. A. destructive 7^ {hn_%;  
  B. dissatisfied Ul0<Zxv  
  C. damaged Yn2^n T=8  
  D. derivative Wc;D{p?Lb  
1gej$G@  
xQ 3u  
四考博英语语法:主谓一致  1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 YgOgYo{E!  
  How you got there doesn’t concern me. 5d{Ggg{s  
  Growing vegetables needs constant watering. k#NMD4(%O  
  2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 n(O p<  
  Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Mf13@XEo  
  3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 Dx*oSP.qX  
  4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 'c(Y")QP  
  Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). y/VmjsN}  
  5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 d6 EJn/  
  Everyone knows that you’ve come here. @7 HBXP  
  If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.  (--thing 的情况例外) qA/ 3uA!z  
  6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Z*"t]L  
  He no less than John is interested in literature. 7gmMqz"z(>  
  7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) I19F\ L`4  
  Either my father or my brothers are coming. K :ptfD  
  8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 }mZ*f y0t  
  Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 2]f.mq_PD  
  真题剖析 lS*.?4zX  
  (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. t1s@Ub5);I  
  53. A. none 6.=1k  
  B. few 5z]KkPQ  
  C. any )3 ">%1R  
  D. some "z4E|s  
cNC BbOMr  
&`W,'qD$  
五考博英语语法:倒装  全部倒装 }gaKO 5  
  1. “There (Here) +be+主语” G=Bj1ss.  
  There stand big buildings in this district. *9^k^h(r&4  
  Here on the desk lies a pile of books. I@v.Hqg+7  
  2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) hm k5 1  
  In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 74wa  
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