英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则,是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术,语法可分为两大部分:词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化,句法主要讲句子的种类和类型,句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性,在此,整理了考博英语必备语法知识点,希望考生们学以致用,考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法:独立主格 \{+nXn
1. 充当句子的状语。 xJF6l!`
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 gQk#l\w_
3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 8H%I|fm
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) =Zb"T5E
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 8NF;k5
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. (fk, 80
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). p$b=r+1f
真题剖析 3Ld ;zW
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. M;vlQ"Yl'
45. A. For /Y\E68_Fh
B. As !>kv.`|7~
C. With i37a}.;
D. Because fFTvf
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练习: X5
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Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. XpAq=p0;
8. A. is O"s`-OM;n
B. having kO`3ENN
C. being
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D. be "/K&qj
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二考博英语语法:虚拟语气 虚拟语气 b
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1. (should)+动词原形 T~~$=vP9
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 )Fr;'JYC1S
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 ZEyGqCf3
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 u+tb83~[=
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 )6R#k8'ERr
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式
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would rather +动词过去式 qL;T&h
真题剖析 ]E8<;t)#
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … O\8|niW|
47. A. do Jx
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B. did W0T
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C. don’t %WT:RT_
D. didn’t j
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(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. A"3&EuvU
53. A. ordered \^( vlcy
B. pleaded ^FMa8;'o
C. decided '%RK KA
D. demanded
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练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. k42ur)pb
15. A. took @SG="L
B. would take (cA|N0
C. will take NlEWm8u
D. should take <^'+]?
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. utl=O
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) hSKH#NS
54.A. shall sPTUGx
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B.will ?_j6})2zY
C.would 59Q Q_#>
D.should m'"VuH?^
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词 动名词、分词、不定式。 NE%yv,B
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) x&/Syb
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ;xtb2c8HT
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 PZg]zz=V4
真题剖析 [%,=0P}
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ~(L +4]
60. A. dropped 2|>wY%
B. to drop UkbQ'P+oS
C. dropping
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D.drops 5
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. SA n=9MG
59. A. destructive 7^ {hn_%;
B. dissatisfied Ul0<Zxv
C. damaged Yn2^n
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D. derivative Wc;D{p?Lb
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四考博英语语法:主谓一致 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 YgOgYo{E!
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 5d{Ggg{s
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. k#NMD4(%O
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 n(Op<
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Mf13@XEo
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 Dx*oSP.qX
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 'c(Y")QP
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). y/VmjsN}
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 d6
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. @7 HBXP
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) qA/3uA!z
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) Z*"t]L
He no less than John is interested in literature. 7gmMqz"z(>
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) I19F\
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. K
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8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 }mZ*f y0t
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 2]f.mq_PD
真题剖析 lS*.?4zX
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. t1s@Ub5);I
53. A. none 6.=1k
B. few 5z]KkPQ
C. any )3">%1R
D. some "z4E|s
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五考博英语语法:倒装 全部倒装 }gaKO 5
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” G=Bj1ss.
There stand big buildings in this district. *9^k^h(r&4
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. I@v.Hqg+7
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) hm
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
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