考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 ZUQ1\Iw  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 4Yt:PN2  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 )Y\},O  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 l4O}>#  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 5f=e JDo=x  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. +"?K00*(  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. qp"gD-,-o  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). +@cf@}W6QC  
　　真题剖析 D(~6h,=m  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. !z{bqPlFGG  
　　45. A. For xaoaZ3Ko  
　　B. As b^
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　　C. With ^ ^}  
　　D. Because  |}QDC/  
　　练习： jzI\Q{[m'  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. =5oFutg`  
　　8. A. is ah"2^x  
　　B. having _:c8YJEG{  
　　C. being rP2^D[uM.  
　　D. be w<J$12 "p+  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 za<Ja=f9X  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 vo!:uvy;2  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 @-kzSm  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 17$JBQ,[  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Q'*-gg&)  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 =( Mv@eA"  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 I?4J69'  
　　would rather +动词过去式 @K4} cP  
　　真题剖析 M4nM%qRGQ  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … ^5 F-7R8Q  
　　47. A. do 9 ?MOeOV8  
　　B. did <C+:hsS=  
　　C. don’t ~bigaY  
　　D. didn’t /A_</GYs  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. [5)1 4% x  
　　53. A. ordered 1 YMaUyL 1  
　　B. pleaded g}ciG!0  
　　C. decided Yah3I@xGy  
　　D. demanded 45/f}kvy
 
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. `r_qvrC  
　　15. A. took =ub&@~E  
　　B. would take duXv [1  
　　C. will take F8_pwJUpf-  
　　D. should take +_:Ih,-   
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. XLqS{r~?  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) mC>7l7%  
　　54.A. shall *: e^yi  
　　B.will -T4?5T_  
　　C.would *r:8=^C7S  
　　D.should wA.YEI|CSj  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 =<`9T_S 16  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) 0J@)?,V-.  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) nHD4J;l  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 SQ>.P  
　　真题剖析 ZS >}NN  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. "4`h -Y  
　　60. A. dropped ReZ|q5*  
　　B. to drop wF?THkdFo  
　　C. dropping jBI VZ!X  
　　D.drops O:xRUjpL  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. {(ey!O  
　　59. A. destructive /LuwPM  
　　B. dissatisfied Iimz  
　　C. damaged l:j9lBS  
　　D. derivative n U$Lp`  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 h!yF  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. >9<h?F%S  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. a(d'iAU8^  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 cg1<  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. JS({au  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 A){kitx-i)  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 9OF5A<%"u  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 53B Xz= k  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 `j_R ?mY  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Qi6vP&  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) sl |S9Ix  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) 2$qeNy  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. YDs/BF Z  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) WDE_"Mm  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. o=;.RYi  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 Ujq)h:`  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall.
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　　真题剖析 jqb,^T|j;m  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. a^4(7  
　　53. A. none 0 I;>du  
　　B. few |06J4H~k  
　　C. any f=}u;^  
　　D. some d 'x;]#S  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 "i_tO+  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” &/=xtO/Z{  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. =wS:)%u  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. xv4nYm9  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) )TRDM[u  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. K8284A8v