北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案

北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案
Part Two: Structure and Written Expression20
Directions: In each question decide which of four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.
21.The nuclear family __________ a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.
A. refers to　B. defines　C. describes　D. devotes to
22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are________ by social isolation and loneliness.
A. reproached　B. favored　C. plagued　D. reprehended
23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance, cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.
A. ascends　B. compels　C. enhances　D. prefers
24.In the past 50 years, there ________ a great increase in the amount of research _____on the human brain.
A. was…did　B. has been…to be done　C. was…doing　D. has been…done
25.“I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _____ .” “We told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better _______ at home when you are not in the shape.”
A. to throw up…to eat　　　B. throwing up…eating
C. to throw up…eat　　　　D. throwing up…eat
26. Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’s creativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kids might probably _______ their enthusiasm and aspirations.
A. hold back　　B. hold to　　C. hold down　　D. hold over
27. According to psychoanalysis, a person’s attention is attracted ________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance, and information content.
A. not less than…as　　B. as…just as　　C. so much…as　　　D. not so much…as
28.They moved to Portland in1998 and lived in a big house, _______ to the south.
A. the windows of which opened　　　　　B. the windows of it opened 　
C. its windows opened　　　　　　　　D. the windows of which opening
29.The lady who has_______ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.
A. put him up　　B. put him out　　　　C. put him on　　　D. put him in
30.By standers,_______,_________ as they walked past lines of ambulances.
A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazed
B. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazed
C. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazed
D. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed
31. Hong Kong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, as the US________ closed for an apparent security review.
A. Consulation　B. Constitution　C. Consulate　　D. Consular
32. American fans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game ______the legendary O’Neal, who ______ the “Great Wall” at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.
A. in head of, ran on　B. in head of, ran into　
C. ahead of, ran onto　D. ahead of, ran into
33. Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in _________ computers.
A. abstract　B. obsolete　C. obstinate　D. obese
34. She always prints important documents and stores a backup set at her house. “I actually think there’s something about the______ of paper that feels more comforting.” She said.
A. tangibility　B. tangledness　C. tangent　　D. tantalization
35.“They said what we always knew,” said an administration source,___________.
A. he asked not to be named　　　B. who asked not to be named
C. who asked not be named　　　D. who asked not named
36.In Germany, the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently_______ their unions into signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.
A. muscled　　B. moved　　C. mushed　　D. muted
37. He argues that the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has left the country_______.
A. energized　　B. Enervated　　C. Nerved　　　D. enacted
38. The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist_______.
A. who is pure and simple　　B. being pure and simple
C. pure and simple　　　　D. as pure and simple
39. This expansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapid and terrible ________ in the character of the population.
A. determination　　B. deterioration　C. desolation　　D. desperation
40._______ a declining birthrate, there will be an over-supply of 27,000 primary school places by 2010, _______ leaving 35 school sidle.
B. Coupling with, equivalent to
C. Coupled with, equivalent to　　D. Coupling with, equals to

Part Three: Reading Comprehension　10
Passage One　　The Hero
My mother’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfather could trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Although he was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable in German. Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper, which was American owned and published in New York.
My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to the United States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe. When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his only son had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days of the war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to take an English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining that the fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an American newspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighbors may see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.
One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton received notice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his little sister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off to war. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms, left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my mother and her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a small American flag, cheering the boys, as they left.
The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none of whom had had any training, but who had never the less all been issued uniforms, boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as if it knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began to move. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowly departed the station.
It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly ground to a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazed in wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed an eternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted, “It’s the armistice. The war is over.” For a moment, nobody moved, but then the people heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed into two lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paraded down the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd. The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading the German newspaper, which he read until the day he died.
41. Where was the narrator’s family when this story took place?
A. In Germany.　B. In Hungary.　C. In the United States　D. In New York.
42.His grandfather ____________.
A. could not speak and read English well enough
B. knew nine languages equally well
C. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to German
D. loved German best because it made him think of home
43. His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and read newspapers in German, because ________.
A. it was war time and Germans were their enemy
B. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-German
C. it was easier to get newspapers in English in America
D. nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime
44. The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fight in the war, because________.
A. like everybody else at the wartime, she was very patriotic
B. she hated the war and the Germans very much
C. all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted to be like them
D. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a hero
Passage Two　　
Waking Up from the American Dreams
There has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of “Wal-Martization” of America, which refers to the attempt of America’s giant Wal-Mart chain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many American companies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such as hiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internal career ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.
While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holding down consumer prices, they’re costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Many middle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companies shift work to subcontract or sand temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to China and India.
The result has been an erosion of one of America’s most cherished value: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their life times. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorly paid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middleclass as they gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressing upward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.
Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing what to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools’ in adequacy for years, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plenty of warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.
45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.
A. there are always possibilities offered to people to develop themselves in the society
B. Americans can always move up the pay ladder
C. American young people can have access to college, even they are poor
D. the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-end jobs
46. Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to___________.
A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its cost
B. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at home and abroad
C. hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costs
D. dismantle the career ladder and stop people’s mobility upward
47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?
A. Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs at rock-bottom levels.
B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossible in the U.S.
C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agencies in China and India.　
D. Although people know how to restore American mobility, it’s difficult to change the present situation.
Passage Three　　Seniors and the City
Tens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburban areas and fashioning
their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustling city. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs and low crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for rich cultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity, major real-estate developer shave broken ground on urban sites they intended to market to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of big cities. One developer, Fran Mc Carthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flight would be roundtrip?”
The trickle of older folks returning to the city has grown into a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings, have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets. Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicago rose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increases as well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals that moving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging--- social isolation. In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluent retirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.
48. Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.
A. they find there are too many crimes in the suburbs
B. unlike the flats in the city, their country house have stairs to climb　
C. they are no longer interested in playing golf
D. in the city, they have more social and cultural life against loneliness
49. From the passage we can infer that_________.
A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contracts of construction with senior retirees
B. a life in the downtown city is expensive, and most of those retirees who moved back into the city are very well-off
C. with more older people living in the city, the city will become gray and less beautiful
D. very soon the American suburban areas will face their low population crisis
50. Fran Mc Carthy’s question means: nobody ever thought that__________.
A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now would move back
B. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must take roundtrip　
C. suburban flight years ago would go in circles
D. senior people’s moving back into the city would take place all over the United States
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET(2)15
(51) Being angry increases the risk of injury, especially among men, new research says.
There searchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accident victims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determine the patient’s emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gathering data on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree. Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.
(52)Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did not correlate with injuries from traffic accidents.
(53)Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuries inflicted deliberately. But other injuries– those neither intentionally inflicted nor from falls or traffic accidents– also showed strong associations with anger.
(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women than for men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that their data depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.
(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I can speculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury, or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” said the study’s lead author.
Part Four: Cloze Test10
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET (2).
Last year French drivers killed(56)_______ than 5,000 people on the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely(57)________ the 1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation’s high ways since 2003, which experts reckon(58)_______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success: the government plans to install 500(59)______radar devices this year.
So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used to look at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses(60)_______ the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe. But last year’s London bombing, in which video cameras(61)________a key role in identifying the perpetrators, have helped spuraseachange. A month(62)_______ the London attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providers and telecoms to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for “anti-terror”(63)______.In a British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were(64)_______ to give up some civil liberty to improve(65)________.
Part Five: Proof reading 10
Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash(/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answer on ANSWERSHEET(2).
Examples:
eg.1(66)The meeting begun 2 hours ago.
Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(66) begun
began
eg.2(67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.
Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)
eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.
Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not
(66)Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.
(68)But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.
In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.
(70)Canny college officials,in turn, have found a tactical way to response.(71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applicant’s class rank.
(72)The process has left them exasperating.
(73)“If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we don’t necessarily know that,” said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.
(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.
When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.
Part Six: Writing15
Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET(2).
Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled: “We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”. The article argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People’s Congress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?
56. fewer 57. to 58. saved 59. more 60. as 61. played 62. after 63. purposes 64. ready/ willing 65. security
北京大学2006年博士入学考试试题答案
Listening0.5each)
1-5　　　BCAAD　　　6-10　　BADCA
11-15　　CBADA　　　16-20　　BDCBＣ
C1:immune　　　　　　　　C11:insufficient
C2:range　　　　　　　　C12:accidents
C3:quarter　　　　　　　C13:wheel
C4:uninterrupted　　　　　C14:shift
C5:tossing　　　　　　　C15:risk
C6:destined　　　　　　　C16:deteriorates
C7:claim　　　　　　　　C17:snatch
C8:fooling　　　　　　　C18:skeptical
C9:deprivation　　　　　　C19:substitute
C10:correlation　　　　　　C20:insomnia
Structureandwrittenexpression1pointeach)
21-25accdd　　26-30adaab　31-35cdbab　36-40abcbc
Reading1pointeach)
41-45ccbda　46-50cbdba
Paraphrasing:(3pointseach)
51.According to new research, getting angry adds to the chances of getting physically hurt, particularly for male.
52.even people generally believe that people easily get angry when driving on the road, but anger didn’t have much/anything to do with injuries from traffic accidents,/ but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the results of anger on the road.
53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very important reason for people who intentionally hurt themselves.
54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more in men than in women, but different races of people did not show much variation.
55. People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.
Cloze:(1pointeach)
56.Fewer57.To　58.Saved　59.More　60.As　61.Played　62.After
63.Purposes　64.Ready　65.Security
Proofreading:(1pointeach)
66.Highly-high　67.Pore-poreover　68.Anything-something　69.Better-good
70.Response-respond　71.Forentire-foranentire　72.Exasperating-exasperatedbS
73.With-without　　74.Strategy-thestrategy　75.And-but
Writing:(15points)

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