2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 ,'`yh|}G\
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the cf"&22TQ+Z
United States by applying new social research findings on the C^4,L
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experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration }cCIYt\RK
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of 0wVM%Dng
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate #9[>
propositions. /"k [T
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England ^(C4Q?[2m
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World >]ux3F3\
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies ^VMCs/g6
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather TS+jDs
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly wH@S$WT
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of G[ #R 1'
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that d@{12hq
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a NI,>$@{
typical New World community. For example, the economic and F::Ki4{jJ
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. /LWk>[Z;
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns 6AY(/N8V
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as \7qj hA@
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, +3zQ"lLD^
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the N]iarYc
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial B%Qo6*b
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who ub>:dNBN
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled #V/{DPz
0F- +)S?M[
laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers S{e3aqT#N
demanded skilled artisans. dg#Pb@7a
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized JSju4TQ4
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct ;Krs*3
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to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. "DvZCf[}
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, v07A3oj
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is af
@a /
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never JK!`uG+v
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, fP4P'eI
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished P(@Q[XQ2
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New EMr|#}]#s
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions {#?|&n<
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North (:E@kpK
American culture. Yh!k uS#<
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands BH}Cx[n?~
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he -lfDoNRhQ
fails to link their experience with the political development of the DS%]7,g]
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might @.k^ 8hc
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as F~rl24F
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American v36Z*I6)5
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time ^b5+A6?
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their Tzjv-9^V
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that sx7zRw
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a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who &D-z|ZjgHi
9L-jlAo<
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. \X(*JNQ
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iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) &|'yq
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1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North E%8uQ2p(
America is supported by information in the text? eG2'W
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came F" M/gy
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring hop|
xtai;
land.
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[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were 6Xo
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more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. x{ `{j'
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at M?P\ YAn$
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during :}#)ipr
the seventeenth century. a0A=R5_
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in SQ+r'g
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. >;j&]]-&
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to |${ImP
[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political yXEI%2~)
interdependence of the colonies and England. {=J:
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic |}YxxeAk
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. jHHCJOHB8
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of Ke:EL;*8k
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to eYkg4 O'
acquire land. _e8v12s
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values
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that eventually shaped the character of the United States. %Q}(.h%M
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s 6,~1^g*
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? Vep41\g^
[A] It is totally implausible. NZ8X@|N
[B] It is partially acceptable. Tz9 (</y
[C] It is highly admirable. K(lVAKiP]
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. (OwGp3g
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which 'T qF}a7
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? *""W`x
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture -j rA
k
of England SfY9PNck\
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have t"J{qfNs
generally been unrecognized by historians. #<
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[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did K]yWpW
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. 9FNsW$b?
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high z"7X.*]
culture of New England. jRDvVV/-wr
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which R/E6n &R
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? #CyqiOM\*
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North lMg#zT!?
American culture. uz$p'Q
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies EDnZ/)6Gg
on Great Britain. ;GOu'34j
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an IBu\Sh-
cmCD}Skk
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. y
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I9"R
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group =h
~n5wQG
of migrants to colonial North America. 1Q9Hs(s
答案:DDBAA