2016新东方考博英语

2010年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 WT>2eMK[  
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The strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Earth, but on the Sun. Every 11years (31)       the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots- actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots (32) _      its minimum in 2007 and (33)      have increased soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in (34)     is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years. "i;c)ZP  
This (35)           of solar activity means that cosmic rays reaching Earth from space have increased and the planet's ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in (36)      , giving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar irradiance, in fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be (37)           some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, according to recent research by two US solar scientists. The solar minimum, their study suggests, accounts for the somewhat fiat temperature trend of the past decade. But k),.  
(38)      if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight and certainly will not last. /<$\)|r  
The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots were seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly (39)       as harvests were ruined in cold, miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation, But whether the quiet Sun was entirely to blame for it remains highly (40)       m|w-}s,  
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31. [A] and so    [B] or so    [C] on so    [D] so on u:f.g?!`"  
32. [A] increased    [B] got    [C] reduced    [D] reached G>) ;8T%l  
33. [A] should    [B] could    [C] would    [D] might zn'F9rWx>  
34. [A] which    [B] that    [C] what    [D] how XNJPf) T  
35. [A] much    [B] lack    [C] number    [D] amount %Z=%E!*  
36. [A] high    [B] height    [C] altitude    [D] space '=2/0-;Jf  
37. [A] making    [B] causing    [C] decreasing    [D] masking ``Wf%~  
38. [A] even    [B] what    [C] in case    [D] still x2bKFJ>e@  
39. [A] hard    [B] severe    [C] harsh    [D] heavy O+^l>+ZGj?  
40. [A] certain    [B] unlikely    [C] likely    [D] uncertain `i,l)X]  
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2009年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 `"/s,"c:D  
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Three (51)      _ years ago Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit made his (52) )oRF/Xx`g  
thermometer in his home town of Danzig (Now Gdansk in Poland). The thermometer was filled with (53)       and completely sealed, but it was not much use without some sort of (54)          to measure the temperature. ,X05&'@Z  
One story (55)          that, during the winter of 1708-09, Fahrenheit took a measurement of 0 degrees as the coldest temperature outdoors — which would now read as minus 17. 8C. Five years (56)       he used mercury instead of alcohol for his (57)      , and made a top reference point by measuring his own body temperature as 90 degrees. Soon afterwards he became a glassblower, (58) mu[:b  
allowed him to make thinly blown glass tubes that could be marked up with more points on the scale and so (59)      accuracy. ?W*{%my  
Eventually he took the (60)       point of his temperature scale from a leading made in ice, water and salt, and a top point made from the boiling point of water. The scale was recalibrated using 180 degrees between these (61)      points and Fahrenheit was able to make much more accurate and more (62) measurements of temperature. ke sg]K  
But in 1742 a rival challenged the Fahrenheit scale and (63)     {WE1^&Vk-}  
superseded it. Anders Celsius, in Sweden, invented a scale of 100 degrees between the <GbF4\ue  
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freezing and boiling points of water and gradually (64) \~]HfDu  
over many countries. 8T7E.guYr  
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However, the British (65) }Ss]/_
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wedded to Fahrenheit until well into the 20th ETw7/S${  
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51. [A] thousand    [B] hundred    [C]decades of    [D ]hundreds of G,#]`W@qhK  
52. [A] initial    [B]final    [C]first    [D] last 8!~8:?6n  
53. [A] alcohol    [B]mercury    [C] sand    [D] salt vdn`PS'#  
54. [A] scale    [B] measurement [C] points    [D] degrees x}Y  
55. [A] says    [B]rumors    [C] concludes    [D] goes </UUvMf"  
56. [A] ago    [B]before    [C] after    [D] later $)1i)/]9U  
57. [A] thermometers [B] measurements [C] points    [D] degrees F3-<F_4.w  
58. [A] thereby    [B] which    [C] that    [D] what ?s=O6D&   
59. [A]enlarge    [B] add up    [C] increase    [D] promote 5r*5Co+  
60. [A] coldest    [B]lowest    [C] coolest    [D] deepest iP7 Cku}l  
61. [A] three    [B] four    [C]two    [D] dual 9Q~9C9{+  
62. [A] continuous    [B] continuant    [C]coherent    [D] consistent LW={| 3}  
63. [A] eventually    [B] accidentally  [C] surprisingly  [D] fortunately |[/<[@\''  
64. [A] took    [B]turned    [C] brought    [D] won |[)k5nUQ|  
65. [A] kept    [B]remained    [C] maintained    [D] sustained 0rt@4"~~w  
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注：64题是存在争议的一道题，这在完形填空题型中很普遍，大家不必在哪个是最佳选 项上纠结，弄清题目的意思即可，这里要表达的是得到许多国家的认可。 y /$Q5P+o  
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2010（03）年中科院博士研究生入学考试英语试题 U$*AV<{%   
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Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science Study—which last year tested a half-million students in 41 countries—American eighth graders      21      below the world average in math. And that's not even    22      part. Consider this as you try to      23      which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: the top 10 percent of America's math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global      24      , Singapore. fH-fEMyW  
It isn't exactly a news flash these days    25     Americans score behind the curve on international tests. But educators say this study is      26      because it monitored variables both inside and outside the classroom. Laziness—the factor often    27      for Americans poor performance—is not the culprit here. American students    28         spend more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany. 29    , they get more B0h|Y.S8%1  
homework and watch the same amount of TV. The problem, educators say, is not the kids but a curriculum that is too    30    . The study found that lessons for U. S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries. k? <.y
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Teachers actually agree that Americans need to      31      their kids to more sophisticated math earlier. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers don't recognize that      32      these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. jW,b"[  
Most educators rely    33     on textbooks and rote learning (死记硬背) . While many Oe)d|6=  
textbooks cover      34        ideas, most do so superficially,    35      students with the techniques but not the mastery of the broader principles. KKBrw+)AJ  
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21.    A. recorded    B. gained    C. climbed    D. scored GI se|[p  
22.    A. the least    B. the worst    C. the less    D. the worse j8cIpbp8x  
23.    A. figure out    B. carry on    C. count up    D. show up 3`JLb]6  
24.    A. village    B. leader    C. friend    D. country ]C;X/8'Jf5  
25.    A. what    B. where    C. when    D. that /5!0wxN  
26.    A. important    B. ineffective    C. comparable    D. delightful R)@2={fd}  
27.    A. ignored    B. blamed    C. exaggerated    D. viewed z#[PTqD-_  
28.    A. vastly    B. accurately    C. actually    D. merely t)4><22of  
29.    A. To begin with    B. As is known U<YcUmX  
    C. Not only that    D. Even so mn].8F  
30.    A. easy    B. small    C. short    D. poor YE *%Y["  
31.    A. relate    B. expose    C. lead    D. instruct -;:.+1  
32.    A. where    B. why    C. how    D. whether 5K:'VX  
33.    A. hardly    B. intentionally    C. consequently    D. exclusively Y&XO:jB  
34.    A. advanced    B. colorful    C. controversial    D. ambitious qkM)zOZ^  
35.    A. carrying    B. leaving    C. expecting    D. shaping 33=lR-N#  
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2009（03）年中科院博士研究生入学考试英语试题 [;Y,nSw  
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Attitudes of respect, modesty and fair play can grow only out of slowly acquired skills that parents teach their children over many years through shared experience and memory. If a child reaches adulthood    21    recollections only of television, Little League and birthday parties, then that child has little to    22    when a true test of character comes up—say, in a(n)    23    business situation. "      24      that child feels grounded in who he is and where he comes from,    25    else is an act, " says etiquette expert Betty Jo Trakimas. UhKd o  
The Dickmeyers of Carmel, Indiana      26     every Friday night as "family night" with their three children. Often the family plays board games or hide-and-seek. "My children love it, "says Theresa, their mother. *mJ\Tzc)  
Can playing hide-and-seek really teach a child about manners? Yes, says Trakimas and    27    , because it ells the child that his parents    28    enough to spend time with him, he is loved and can learn to love others. "Manners aren't about using the    29    fork , " Trakimas adds, "Manners are about being kind—giving    30    , team-playing, making tiny sacrifices. Children learn that    31    their parents. " P;G]qV%  
While children don't    32    warm to the idea of learning to be polite, there's no reason for them to see manners as a bunch of dreary   33     either. They're the building blocks of a child's education. "      34        a rule becomes second nature, it frees us, " Trakimas says. How well could Tiger Woods play golf if he had to keep yW)r`xpY  
35    himself of the rules? _-T^YeQ/  
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21. A. in    B. with    C. as    D. to G=F_{z\}  
22. A. draw on    B. learn from    C. refer to    D. think of *iN5/w{VG  
23. A. confusing    B. catching    C. irritating    D. inviting X<D fzd oI  
24. A. Because    B. When    C. While    D. Unless *3KSOcQ  
25. A. everything    B. anything    C. something    D. nothing xi<yB0MoA  
26. A. receive    B. reserve    C. recognize    D. recreate %g~&$oZmq  
27. A. the other one  B. others    C. another one    D. all !Ln 'Mi_B  
28. A. care    B. try    C. strive    D. wish y`i?Qo3  
29. A. favorite    B. silver    C. right    D. clean m1e Sn |)7  
30. A. instructions    B. compliments  C. directions    D. supports FHSFH>  
31. A. on    B. by    C. with    D. through 1bFGoLAEFl  
32. A, automatically B. determinedly  C. insistently    D. willingly ifNyVEHy  
33. A. descriptions    B. criticisms    C. restrictions    D. subjects (5;nA'  
34. A. Since    B. Although    C. Once    D. Even ~
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35. A. reminding    B. refreshing    C. remembering  D. recalling :-WNw n  
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I once married a man I thought was totally unlike my father and I imagined a whole new world of freedom (21)      Five years later it was clear even to me——floating face down in a wash of despair ----that I had simply chosen a(n) (22) {P,hH~!  
of my handsome daddy-true. M~7Cb>%<  
The updated (23)       spoke English like an angel but underneath he was my father exactly: wonderful, but not the right man for me. w?zy/+N~  
Most people I know have at one time or another been (24)      up by their childhood hobbies. Patterns tend to sink into the unconscious only to (25)       , teI?.M9r  
disguised, unseen, like marionette (牵线木偶) strings, pulling us this way or that. +!W:gA  
Whatever ails people keeps them up at night, tossing and (26)       also ails movements no matter how historically huge or politically (27)        the women's movement cannot remake consciousness, or (28)_      the future, without (29) '7}2}KD  
and shedding all the unnecessary and ugly baggage of the past. It's easy enough now to see where men have kept (30)       out of clubs, baseball games, graduate schools; it's easy enough to recognize the hidden directions that (31) J[0

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Sis to cake-baking and junior to bridge building. It's now possible for even HI{h>g T  
Miss America herself to (32)       what they have done to us, and, of course, T*gG <8  
they have and they did and they are…(33)       along the way we also developed our own hidden (34. )       , class assumptions and an anti-male humor and collection of expectations that gave us, hike all (35)       groups, a secret sense i=*H|)  
of superiority co-existing with a poor self-image. v%c/eAF  
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21. A. emerging    B. evolving    C. fading    D. calling QVJpX;u  
22. A. character    B. duplicate    C. image    D. devil oc]:Ty  
23. A. picture    B. figure    C. version    D. form kYWnaY ^F  
24. A. drawn    B. pulled    C. messed    D. laid \NMqlxp2  
25. A. occur    B. hide    C. gather    D. reappear 9-V'U\}L  
26. A. sleeping    B. waking    C. turning    D. passing m?4hEwQxf  
27. A. important    B. ridiculous    C. threatening    D. puzzling =4'V}p  
28. A. foresee    B. face    C. reach    D. reshape &tvtL  
29. A. acknowledging    B. weighing   C. embracing    D. denying FNuE-_  
30. A. me    B. us    C. them    D. you :* &c'  
31. A. limit    B. send    C. direct    D. keep ^"
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32. A. reject    B. follow    C. identify    D. explore I|c!:4  
33. A. So    B. And    C. Even    D. But ?}v/)hjp=?  
34. A. opinions    B. opportunities  C. prejudices    D. predictions Hi=</ Wy;  
35. A. consolidated  B. controlled    C. oppressed    D. organized $OdBuJA  
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2008年清华大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 FG[rH]  
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The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earth’s surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those    61    by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability. ` 6*]cn#(  
To  62  the question of attribution requires the  63  of more powerful and complex methods，beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused [|1I.AZ{  
on    64    maps or patterns of temperature change in    65    and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned    66    , and makes it possible to achieve more definitive ?RS:I
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67    of the observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes. vm[*+&\2  
The  expected  influence  of  human  activities  is  thought  to  be  much  more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole   68    cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful    69    technique.  The  basic  idea    70    pattern-based  approaches  is  that different    71    causes  of  climate  change  have  different  characteristic  patterns  of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to    72    a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change    73    by models and those actually observed. .l_
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The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible  74  on global climate and that these activities will have an increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are   75    the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased  atmospheric    76    of  a  number  of  greenhouse  gases,  including  carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere. C0/^6Lu"o  
Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the    77 of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the    78    of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the *|g[Mn  
79    of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climatic effects of these particles began only recently and the overall    80    is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. [ 5}Q  
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61. A. incensed    B. personify    C. interact    D. predicted vio>P-2Eho  
62. A. array    B. ascertain    C. probe    D. perturb M)+pH  
63. A. application    B. integration    C. avenge    D. intervene [,Go*r  
64. A. conforming    B. comparing    C. biding    D. budgeting =n"kgn  
65. A. junctions    B. junctures    C. obligations    D. observations KH;~VR8"/  
66. A. optionally    B. ornamentally    C. previously    D. predicatively 3._
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67. A. attribution    B. autonomy    C. indication    D. induction 4\&Y;upy+  
68. A. immune    B. seasonal    C. formidable    D. perceptible 0?>(H(D^/  
69. A. analysis    B. disposal    C. antigen    D. disincentive UT yV6~  
70. A. avenging    B. underestimating    C. ascending    D. underlying f; |fS~  
71. A. potential    B. respectable    C. secretive    D. sturdy (?\+
  
72. A. weary    B. obtain    C. wink    D. retard -C q;  
73. A. oriented    B. kenned    C. predicted    D. lapsed e9KD mX_  
74. A. modification    B. nomination    C. penetration    D. influence X>o9mW  
75. A. paving    B. altering    C. retreating    D. saluting NgGMsE\C}  
76. A. stabilities    B. popularities    C. concentrationsD. hierarchies WsV"`ij#  
77. A. abundance    B. hemisphere        C. fixture    D. distress 2uE<mjCt-r  
78. A. burial    B. argumentation        C. legislation    D. amount 7amVnR1f  
79. A. disposals    B. properties        C. certainties    D. blends >Dr(%z6CN  
80. A. calculation    B. assignment        C. budget    D. effect JyM k @Y  
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2007年清华大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 NVv <vu  
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Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36miles of a coastline. Most of the world's great seaport cities would be M@A3+v%K  
56   : New Orleans, Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries—Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific—would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt, 57      large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme      58    . %MjoY_<:_  
Warmer oceans  would  spawn  stronger hurricanes  and  typhoons,      59      in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world. INi$-Y+  
60      water  quality  may  result  as      61      flooding  which  forces  salt  water  into coastal  irrigation  and  drinking  water  supplies,  and  irreplaceable,  natural       62 could be flooded with ocean water, destroying forever many of the      63      plant and animal species living there. g^]Iw~T6$  
Food  supplies  and  forests  would  be      64      affected.  Changes  in  rainfall patterns    would    disrupt    agriculture.    Warmer    temperatures    would             65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants, such as weeds and the insects      66      the crops. I
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Human health would also be affected. Warming could      67      tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever, malaria, and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful      68      of localized urban air pollution would very likely  be  more  serious  in  warmer      69     .  There  will  be  some      70      from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will      71      new agricultural  lands,  and  warmer temperature will  make some  of today's colder regions more      72    . But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems—both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and !'jq.RawP  
73    . Any change of temperature, rainfall, and sea level of the magnitude now      74 will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well. :*''ci  
The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions      75 by global warming. /88s~=  
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56. [A] ascended    [B] assaulted    [C] erased    [D] endangered "Lbsq\W>  
57. [A] which    [B] where    [C] when    [D] what \3 SY2g8+  
58. [A] dislocation    [B] discontent    [C] distribution    [D] distinction pr0X7 #_E5  
59. [A] rebuking    [B] rambling    [C] resulting    [D] rallying +94)BxrY  
60. [A] Increased    [B] Reduced    [C] Expanded    [D] Saddened 9pp+<c  
61. [A] inland    [B] coastal    [C] urban    [D] suburban i 9) Gt  
62. [A] dry-land    [B] mountain    [C] wetlands    [D] forest }e[ E  
63. [A] unique    [B] precious    [C] interesting    [D] exciting Tru{8]uMH  
64. [A] geologically    [B] adversely    [C] secretively    [D] serially ?*fa5=ql  
65. [A] shift    [B] generate    [C] grease    [D] fuse Lzh8-d=HQ  
66. [A] hiking    [B] hugging    [C] attacking    [D] activating DB'0  
67. [A] endanger    [B] accommodate [C] adhere    [D] enlarge v ccH(T  
68. [A] profits    [B] values    [C] effects    [D] interests TjW!-s?S  
69. [A] conditions    [B]accommodation [C]surroundings [D] evolution f@OH~4FG  
70. [A] adjustments    [B] benefits    [C] adoptions    [D] profits )(}[S:`  
71. [A] alternate    [B] abuse    [C] advocate    [D] create 9c>i>Vja!  
72. [A] accidental    [B] habitable    [C] anniversary    [D] ambient \`n(JV  
73. [A] adapt    [B] alleviate    [C] agitate    [D] assert Y <6|z3  
74. [A] ascertained    [B] conformed    [C] consoled    [D] anticipated V"/.An|  
75. [A] tutored    [B] relayed    [C] triggered    [D] reflected ewMVUq*:  
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Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major      61      to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful      62      on the economy in at least four ways: tr0b#4  
Direct  Services.  The postal  system,  for example,  is  a  federal  system      63 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and      64      of most highways the      65      of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily     66      for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation      67      are also the responsibilities of local government. 5aQ)qUgAW  
Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private      68 in many ways, for the      69      of assuring that business serves the best      70    of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a      71     ,  such  as  in  telephone  or  electric  service.  Public  policy  permits  such companies  to  make  a  reasonable      72     ,  but  limits  their  ability  to  raise  prices PQHztS"  
73    , since the public depends on their services. Often control is      74      to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of      75      in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. 0Wr<l%M)+  
Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by     76      tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also      77      the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. (}A$4?  
Direct  Assistance.  The  government  provides  many  kinds  of  help  to      78 and individuals. For example, tariffs      79      certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are  able  to      80      better  with  certain  foreign  goods.  In  quite  a  different  area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system. CmU@8-1  
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61. [A] economy    [B] horror    [C] magnifier    [D ] element bmT%?it  
62. [A] elevation    [B] emotion    [C] effect    [D] election *DJsY/9d}'  
63. [A] dripping    [B] serving    [C] diverging    [D] clamping }8O9WS  
64. [A] clearance    [B] combustion    [C] commence    [D] maintenance ?eJ' $  
65. [A] commonplace    [B] responsibility [C]conductivity [D] consequence S>lP?2J  
66. [A] consoled    [B] compacted    [C] paid    [D] bracketed }9OMXLbRv  
67. [A] services    [B] boycotts    [C] budgets    [D] charters 1jC85^1Taq  
68. [A] banquet    [B] boom    [C] arena    [D] enterprise htB2?%S=T  
69. [A] assertion    [B] purpose    [C] asset    [D] assumption Bc=(1ty)  
70. [A] admiration    [B] interests    [C] adoption    [D] accuracy 49FP&NgK  
71. [A] monopoly    [B] acceptance    [C] abolition    [D] morality M6-uTmN:d  
72. [A] proximity    [B] blend    [C] breast    [D] profit X}#vt?mu  
73. [A] fairly    [B] unfairly    [C] friendly    [D] unnecessarily ^#5'` #t  
74. [A] exercised    [B] broadened    [C] bankrupted    [D] exemplified < F5VJ  
75. [A] faculty    [B] quantity    [C] quality    [D] fragment -Mo4`bN  
76. [A] applauding    [B] assessing    [C] ascending    [D] adjusting CI*Je
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77. [A] affect    [B] accommodate [C] adhere    [D] affirm yzEyOz@Q  
78. [A] beverage    [B] businesses    [C] bondage    [D] botany F=F84_+K  
79. [A] perplex    [B] permit    [C] perturb    [D] plunder 'DW|a  
80. [A] compensate    [B] confront    [C] console    [D] compete (j>`+F5f  
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When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible      1      of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea Q &/5B  
2    , or patent it. ,u@:(G  
A   3      patent is the result of a bargain      4      between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details  of  his  invention  to  the  public  after  that  period    5     .  Only  in  the  most exceptional circumstances      6      the lifespan of a patent      7      to alter this normal process of events. zd$'8/Cq  
The longest extension ever      8        was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent' s normal life there was no colour TV to    9    and thus no hope of reward for the invention. |X{j^JP5  
Because a patent remains permanently     10    after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the    11    office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if    12    than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone    13    to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through    14    patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor' s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form      15    invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally  16  to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is      17      on these presumptions of legal security. EG4~[5[YgI  
Anyone closely     18      in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology,      19 makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate    20    the late j&ti "|2\  
19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear. /yU#UZ4;  
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2. [A] open    [B]covered    [C]secret    [D] improved [cDkmRV  
3. [A] granted    [B]granting    [C] inventing    [D] invented OGEe8Z9Jt  
4. [A] striking    [B] struck    [C] to be strikin    g [D] to strike ="G2I\  
5. [A] terminating    [B]continuing    [C] continues    [D] terminates  Xcfd]29  
6. [A] are    [B]to be    [C] be    [D] is m p_7$#{l  
7. [A] extending    [B] will extend    [C] extended    [D] to be extended .3) 27Cjw  
8. [A] granted    [B] granting    [C] to grant    [D] being granted 7cV G?Wr  
9. [A]receiving    [B] sending    [C] receive    [D] send UDZ0ne0-  
10. [A] public    [B]secret    [C] close    [D] concealed 3LyNi$`f  
11. [A] customer    [B] commerce    [C]patent    [D] television f0@*>  
12. [A] longer    [B] older    [C]weaker    [D] younger 7.2G}O6$  
13. [A] wished    [B] refusing    [C] refused    [D] wishing Q~.t8g/  
14. [A]live    [B] dead    [C] working    [D] recording ?9?A)?O<j~  
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16. [A]dangerous    [B]undesirable    [C] safe    [D] terrible ;Ows8  
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18. [A] involving    [B]involved    [C] contained    [D] containing Ij
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21    he stands in more fear than of the    22    of noise. Even his conversation is    23 a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of    24    of the emptiest-headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means    25  the buzzing of a fly, but he longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is man and not a wax-work figure. The object of conversation is not,    26    the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. Most buzzing,    27    is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the    28    . He would be a foolish man, however, who waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. Those who despise the weather as a conversational opening seem to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are 29    if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people’s ears though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen a new play. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing at immense length, they justly    30    themselves on their success as conversationalists.  mVS^HQ:  
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21. [A] of which               [B] in which       [C]with which    [D] by which ]5@n`;&#.  
22. [A] presence               [B]abundance     [C] existence      [D] absence rS!@AgPLE  
23. [A]in great measure    [B] in brief         [C] all in all       [D] at least }oiNgs/N  
24. [A] admiration            [B] envy             [C] amazement   [D] revenge z3 ^_C`(F  
25. [A] more than             [B] no less than  [C] rather than    [D] no more than Uu*iL< `  
26. [A] for                        [B]in                   [C] at                  [D] on l-nH  
27. [A] particularly          [B] unfortunately[C] fortunately    [D] utterly 569p/?  
28. [A] mind                     [B] mentality      [C] intelligence   [D] wit )w<Z4_!N4s  
29. [A] disgusted              [B] content         [C] disgraced      [D] discouraged B1FJAKI);  
30. [A] prey                      [B] model           [C] respect          [D] pride OXpN8Dh5  
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北大 2009 真题    BCAAD    DABCB    CDACB     >`WfY(Lq  
中科院 2010-03 真题    DBAAD    ABCCA    BCDAC     i
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中科院 2009-03 真题    BACDA    BBACB    DACCA     P%Vq#5  
中科院 2008-10 真题    ABCCD    CADAB    ACDCC     j%y{d(Q4  
清华 2008 真题    DCABD    CABAD    ABCDB    CADBD g=t7YQq_~  
清华 2007 真题    DBACB    BCABA    CDCAB    DBADC XKws_  
清华 2006 真题    DCBDB    CADBB    ADBAC    DABBD <},JWV3  
北航 2010 真题    DCABD    DCACA    CBDAC    CDBCD VZr:yE  
南京大学 2010 真题    CDAAD    ACACD         <B0f