2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 t>bzo6cj
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the H,7='n7"
United States by applying new social research findings on the <y6`8J7:
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration -)V0D,r$[
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of pzF_g-B
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate 2I.FSR_G?
propositions. PR{ubMn
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England )UR$VL
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World mb\T)rj
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies SoIK<*J
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather jFSR+mP!
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly @2Z|\ojJ
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of +t7HlAXB#
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that {j wv+6]U
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a > X~\(|EM
typical New World community. For example, the economic and q!z?Tn#!jd
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. WIWo4[(
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns 0|GYt nd
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as [@K'}\U^+
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, ?$pNd uE
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the w-
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driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial \'O/3Y7?X
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who [}L?EM
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled Bc=(1ty)
xU;
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers l+;S$evY
demanded skilled artisans. +w0Wg.4V
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized %|jS`kj
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct )!(gS,
to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. b: (+d"S
But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, ;D'm=uOl
as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is <:-4GJH=
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never 7FwtBO
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, S
ct
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished O_ #++G
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New ?>7\L'n=5I
England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions *)[fGxz
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developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North w5Fk#zJv
American culture. QMMpB{FZ`o
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands 3[#^$_96b
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he F-kjv\
fails to link their experience with the political development of the .#y#u={{l
United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might 1F.._5_"]
make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as c:Czu
slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American B1X&O d
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time U<Oc&S{]*
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their zd_N' :6
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that p;4FZ$
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who "OwM'
n8
<xBL/e
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were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. D*UxPm"pw
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iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) 2-m@-
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North l&\y]ZV={
America is supported by information in the text? .XpuD,^;@
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came x`?>j$
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring t<Sa;[+
land. )4fQ~)
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were &SIf