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主题 : 考博英语—长难句
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楼主  发表于: 2015-10-25   
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考博英语—长难句

长难句 <KY \sb9  
第一节:非谓语动词 3QSA|  
1.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe zP554Gr?  
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. *~Y$8!ad  
2.Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. =f~8"j  
第二节:名词性从句 /Uxp5 b h  
一 主语从句 ;[nomxu|?  
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. +|0f7RB+R  
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2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. 1F|e/h%^  
二 宾语从句 [p Y1\$,  
1.   Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. )\aCeY8o  
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2.   Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. o,NTI h  
三 表语从句 LI~ofCp  
1.  Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. J^w!?nk  
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2.  Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. TKH!,Ow9A  
四 同位语从句 Ty&Ok*  
1.    Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the  family  is one of the  central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. Z:(Zy  
2.   Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. [LF<aR5  
第三节:定语从句 pLdZB9oD]C  
1.   Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina kO3N.t@n  
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country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. N\{{:<Cp\  
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2.   Silicon  Valley  is  a   magnet  to   which  numerous  talented  engineers,  scientists  and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. < C1Jim  
第四节:状语从句 uN;] Fv@Z  
1.    Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. q?##S'  
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2.   Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. <rn26Gfr  
第五节:并列结构 "?HDv WP=w  
1.  Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. 2kfX_RK  
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2.    The role of natural selection in evolution  was formulated only as little more  than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. 7[I%UP  
第六节:强调结构 U(6=;+q  
强调结构是指在句子当中,有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气,增强情感色彩或 加强对比,需要改变句子结构,这种结构叫做强调结构 rtn.^HF  
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1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词,往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 "o}}[hRP  
祈使句,不适用于"be"动词 dWi:V 7t+  
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 s&)>gE\  
3 强调部分提前 /H'F4->  
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1.   Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced  and how resources are used toproduce it. 0-at# r:  
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2.    Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. #V-0-n,`  
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第七节:比较结构 `G_k~ %  
英语中,比较结构的句型复杂,表现形式多样。在翻译的时候,需要仔细分析,在准确 理解的基础上,才能进行贴切的表达。所以,从理解与表达的角度来看,比较的形式是次要 的,真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较,就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解,所以也比较容易翻译,如:I am tallerthan he.(我比他高)。因此,这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法,而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 0nsjihw  
一、as…as…句型 yKB&][)&  
(一)as…as…句型 :G[6c5j|V  
as…as…句型是同级比较,表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候,通常翻译为“…  Vo`,|3^  
和….一样”。 $2/v8  
(二)notas (or so)…as…句型 (T|q]29  
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样,前者不如后者, 所以,通常翻译为“…不如…”。 GyQ9we~  
(三)notsomuch…as…句型 U#6<80Ke  
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 f >$V:e([  
(四)notsomuch as…句型 N 9cCfB\`  
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”,所以通常翻译为“甚至不…,甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 C8W4~~1S  
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 +rFAo00E|  
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 %CIRN}  
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型,通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 h/pm$9A  
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. AU 4K$hC^  
我的英语学得很好,不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 yvIzgwN%s!  
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三、more…than…句型 Ohn?>qQ  
(一)more Athan B句型 Xrr3KQaK&  
A比B多 hl$X.O  
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 `e4gneQY  
是B而不是A RdqB^>X  
与其说A不如说B hxZL/_n'  
(二)morethan…句型 mX5%6{],  
在英语中,如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同,意义也不尽相同,所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 y$y!{R@   
1.morethan后面接数词,表示“多于…,….以上”的意思。 wl/1~!  
2.morethan后面接名词或者动词,表示“不只是…”的意思。 :5[1Iepdn  
3.morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词,表示“极其,非常”的意思。 %R^*MUTx  
4.morethan…can…则表示“难以…,完全不能…”的意思。 7g|EqJ7  
(三)nomore…than…句型 mqK}y K^P]  
1. nomore Athan B N?2C*|%f  
notAanymorethan B ./35_Vy/O  
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A不是B也不是 bm poptfL  
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 Ay0.D FL  
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1.   Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. 8Dkq+H93  
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2.   Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. s#H_ QOE  
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第八节:否定结构 ^[6el_mj  
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异,尤其在表达否定概念上,英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式,而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中,这些否定句就象陷阱一样,稍有不慎,就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时,切不可望文生义,而必须细心揣摩,真正透彻理解其意义,然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型,才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 g'AxJ  
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… 8.:WMH`  
may (might)aswell… :%>)S  
too…todo too…forn E[cH/Rm  
2 形式否定但意义肯定  {H*  
not…until(直到……才),not…too(越……越好),nonebut(只有),nothingbut(只有), nothingmorethan(仅仅),no sooner…than(刚一……就),hardly…when…(刚一……就),not only…butalso(不仅……而且),not…longbefore(很快就),nomorethan(仅仅,只是),no other than(只有,正是) AsI\#wL)  
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语,翻译成汉语时,需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 )=VAEQhL-  
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句,而翻译成汉语的时候,需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 82iFk`)T  
是not…because….,可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 /gn!="J  
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. ey6ujV7!  
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1.   Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. oFGWI#]ts>  
2.   Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. iK=QP+^VN  
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第九节:倒装结构 #{?~XS  
1.    Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. KP&xk1 3)  
2.   Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. 3m| C8:  
第十节:分裂结构 2;(+]Ad<  
1.   Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. ]tzF Ob  
5M/~ |"xk  
2.  Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. FA+"t^q  
_N=f&~ T  
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