博士生考试基础词汇汇总 ~R)1nN|
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AbandonThe match was abandoned because of bad weather. `..EQBM
ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delay LMt0'Ml9
desert/forsake/leave / cease / depart / discard /relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give up 2lF WW(
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abideWe have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt) AwtIWH*e
Herfame will abide for sure. Last/endure/continue/persist/remain/stay Hi$#!OU
MK<
Youhave to keep ______ with the times. D\@e{.$MZ|
Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in with m9 ^m
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absorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear youcall. er#8D6*
engage/occupy/bendover/involve/be busy with 4fZY8
N `J:^,H
Abundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game +Kxe ymwr2
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access In many schools, students don't havesufficient access to the library. }_Tt1iai*
Way/approach/solution/answer/ b0!*mrF]6
Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/athand dl7Riw-J
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Hiswords are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit) [Od>NO,n+]
I'min agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreementwith/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion to j0ci~6&b3_
AN|jFSQ'
account He asked no one's advice; he did it on hisown (account).independently Gw{Gt]liq
Youhave to take everything into account/consideration.Attention/regard/respect/mind A@9U;8k
Giveus an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statement WZfk}To1#
Hehas been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate) 0sq=5 BnO
tI/mE[W
acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secure Ukk-(gjX
`I]1l MJ)o
active He is very active in politics. o[5=S,
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Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiastic z^gDbXS
G%V=idU*"
adapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself)to the situation. X
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Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fit wgSR*d>y*9
@m !9"QhC
accustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with) 4~]8N@Bii
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admit It will take you half an hour to get to thestation, allowing for traffic delays. 3{N p 9y.
(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/acknowledge/adopt) Zztt)/6*
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adequateTheir earnings are barely adequate to their needs. *:fw6mnJ#
enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ample w@gl
#z-iL!?
advantage The great advantage we have over them is thatthey are short of money. YoSo0fQA
Benefit/gain/upperhand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returns Ee$"O6*!
886 ('
Aim His aim is to win the game. D@sx`H(
Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destination 4 _c:Vl
R:pBbA7E
Amass He amassed a great fortune in twentyyears. 4z-,M7iP
Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heapup/store up E,ZB;
Mass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pack/gang kMJQeo79
Figure/digit/measure WacU@L $A
ambitious These young men were ambitious for successand money. QYf/tQg$
Eagerfor/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intentupon *`S)@'@:(
@gu77^='
amount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds. N18diP[C
Addup to/approximate/total/sum up J^F(]
_($-dJ{
Thefuture of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money. z6L>!=
sum/measure/quantity/price/value n_xa)
3wa<,^kqy
angle Try looking at this affair from a differentangle. aspect gvRc:5B[
/view/pointof view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/ idea/thought/conception/judgment p0y0T|H^
theory/outlook @dT: 1s
;+TF3av0zq
announce He had to announce the death of Johnsonbefore the board. Ei?9M^w
Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/makeknown wE8a4.
#by9D&QP]
anticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemywill do. gQk#l\w_
expect/look forward to/await/foresee/hope for qeK
:zn ?<(sQ
anything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Notat all >gOI]*!5
(-Ct!aW|
Theapparent things might not tell of the truth. )R
a/
apparentobvious seeming evident clear plain EB3
o8
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apart Apart from his nose, he is quitegood-looking. s>M~g,xTU
Apartfrom the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. .^`a6>EQ)|
Exceptfor / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in addition T>uWf#&pjs
%6c*dy
Hewas appointed member of the committee. d;jJe0pH
Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/votefor 2Fp]S
a
j@?[vi
appeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/beg 1~xn[acy
o YI=p3l
apply Please apply to the secretary for furtherinformation. cT=wJ
Therules of safe driving apply to everyone. U37?P7i's
g7}z
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approve Many people don't approve of the plan.disapprove 5t5S{aCDr
like/prefer/endorse/accept/thinkwell of
xV 1Z&l
pv?17(w(\
ariseThe company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes. n.qxxzEN
Riseraise rouse arouse arise m[Ac'la
Originate/derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up qxcBj
Ccd7|L1
artificial/artisticHer painting is a great artistic creation. 5@Lxbe(
q
gjN!_^_
ashamed/shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/humiliating {7~ $$AR(
Ashamedof having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him. rs<&x(=Hv
)w
8lu
sa
acquaint I'm sure Betsy is the girl whom you will beglad to get acquainted with. $J0~2TV<
associate/link/ touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with /relate Z2j*%/
QKaj4?p$|S
Iassume that success is a sum of mistakes. \/4%[Q2QDm
Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for granted T[[
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assure I can assure you of my support. *u4X<oBS*
confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promise *_K-T#
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You’ve got to attain the mastery of atleast on foreign language. Oi[9b
Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize complete 2GKU9cV*`
m^x\@!N:(
attribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribe b`|MK4M(
MH8%-UV
avoid You should avoid driving in the center of thetown during the rush hour. /Vd#q)b%T
Avoid shun escape evade keep away from 'U{:
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Thegovernment has banned the used of chemical weapons. H1j6.i}q
Barprohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstruct 9}0Jc(B/x
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bargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain sale -qP[$Q
:h^UC~[h 3
basis On the basis of our sales forecasts we maybegin to make a profit next year. F20-!b
China hasbeen following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries onthe basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence. 3v>,c>b([
ground foundation ,zw=&)W1
-XIvj'u
Scientists say it may be five or ten years beforeit is possible to test this medicine on human patients. 4x?u5L
9o
As soon as before the second the minute the moment >8;%F<o2
UXB8sS*wQ?
Youcan’t blame all this on me. m9w
;a
Heis the last one to blame for the accident. {!Z_&i5
Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemn u,SZ-2K!7~
WM
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board He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /meals d]~1.i
board/committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ team #&KE_n
-?` l<y(
boast You should not boast of your success. Bragshow off VD`2lGdF
kGiw?~t=%
boom Production boomed. .+o>
Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speedup/grow/swell/flourish/develop/prosper pdqa)>$
g@f/OsR76
brief It is a long letter, but in brief, hesays "No". short PH!B /D5G
^l9
*h
Weare bound for London. Head make '^3pF2lIw
Theweather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going to d6
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Thereare no bounds to his ambition. Limitconfine restriction R*eM 1
F
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call This situation----_____________ for promptaction. (calls in calls at calls oncalls for) >Nl~"J|]q
Theyhave called off their engagement. `9{C/qB
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Shewas calm when I told her of the terrible news. S9+gVR8]C
Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peaceful D|'Z c&
D|3QLG
Weshould not doubt his capability. #N}}8RL
Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiency %t.IxMY
jF85bb$
Beforeyou decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few goodfriends. 5j5t?G;d,
Careerjob vocation trade calling work profession occupation o;C)!
Q 5TyS8
Thereis no reason why we should not carry on with it. uW_ /7ex
Carryon go on keep on continue work on be under way be in process aKr4E3`
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case In any case I shall return in a day ortwo. If even if for fear on condition o|E(_Y4d
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center She centered her attention on the problem. Yr0i9Qow
Focus concentrate fix `P*j~ZLlXN
0_izTke
chargeThe charge against him was severe. .gg0:
Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/guilt/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgment m':m`,c!
f2f$aZ
Since the situation is changing, let’s takesome _____ measures to deal with it. b~echOj
flexible changeable changing {a%cU[q
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IfI had the choice, I would retire at thirty. \LXNdE2B
Selection/preference/option/alternative >.>5%
Noone came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it. gRSG[GMV
l>q.BG
cling She clung to the hope that he was stillalive. 0Z(b/fdS
Stick adhere hold grasp '-{jn+,
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closeThe ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem. ]ORat.*0[T
Listenclosely and look closely, you’ll find it out. L}nc'smvM
r&;AG@N/
Agood employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering withtheir creativity. ?c*d
z{
Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof key af{K4:I
dno*Usx5d0
combine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water. |R
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blend mix mingle fuse unite couple join e{/\znBS%
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comment I'm afraid I can't comment on your work justyet. Remark (re D
criticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remark V;=T~K|)>
t~`Ef
commit I cannot commit myself to any furtherexpense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicate L3\{{QOA
f5v|}gMAX
Comparethis with that, and you will see which is the better. Contrast .b"e`Bw_=
Poetshave compared sleep to death. AF}HS8eYy
Sheis lovely beyond compare. b04~z&Xv
comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison. .
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Ihave done little this year in comparison with what I did last year. @lI/g
Comparable/comparative MDpXth7
a@./e @p
compel We cannot compel you to do it, but we thinkyou should. O<*iDd`(e
Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push prompt W~4|Z=f
6S
wHl_2%
Hehas formed a good habit. n8
Fi?/
Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/build 8V nZ@*
Assemble/manufacture/produce \BDNF<_
li[g =A,
Nextyear, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Required sC
j3 h
Y!H"LI
composeThe committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. k&
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Consistof/ be made up of / contain /include/hold/cover/comprise bCsQWsj^NW
P~&X$H%e
comprehensive/Comprehensible _Z%C{~,7)x
Shehas a comprehensive grasp of the subject. .d2s4q\
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conscious She was not conscious of his presence in theroom. Aware "^\ 4xI
`CV a`%
Considerate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmascard. ,70|I{,Km
Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympathetic 3k=q>~&@
Considerable/much/important/great/significant/powerful h)w<{/p(
QS!b]a3
contend I would contend that unemployment is our mostserious social evil. "_^FRz#h
Argue/struggle/fight/quarrel jE{z4en
mU*GcWbc+
Our journey was slow because the trainstopped continually at different villages. 9QpKB
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continuously vs continually 9i"3R0HN
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convey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. express
<1"6`24
E\QSU88^
cope Poor Mary! She has so much to cope with. P)T:6K
dealwith live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up with 3vy5JTCz~
#pf}q+A
correspond fx*Swv%r
Thisword in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one. tJ 6:$dh
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count Her opinion counts because of herexperience. |u03~L9G
Matter be of importance significant RVD=CX
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Don’tcount on a salary increase this year. ;R/=9l
believe depended count confide rely depend bank E;%{hAD{
0evG
critical If you really understood thedifficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spendingreductions. 0^hz 1\g
Crucial urgent pressing decisive M5D,YC3<
Ironic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcastic D|OX]3~
O9!<L.X,%
cure This medicine should cure you of your cold. jLZ+HYyG9
Remind relieve inform deprive rob break #B54p@.}
eE1w<] Eg
Itis not my custom to give in. eqXW|,zUm
Custom habit use practice manner way pattern tendency fashion routine nature Y
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yBeSvsm
The damage to the house caused by the stormtook several days to repair. jo+T!CUM'
destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agony distress pp/Cn4"w
grieve hurt impair abuse plague epidemic debris/trash/junk/rubbish 6=FF*"-6E
,
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decline Steel production has been on the decline inthese countries. 1Hzj-u&N/
Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reduce 0YW<>Y`6
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deep They dived deep into the ocean. ]l`?"X|^
Shewas deeply interested in classical music. n&k1'KL&
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degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree.Extent c!E+&5|n
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deemThey deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying. u:<%!?
Think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/reflect/thinkover %5$yz| :
Agood mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm. kC6J@t)
Demand/require/callfor 3<#4
m8#+w0p)
deny They denied her the opportunity to see herfather. Tj@s \@hv
refuse decline rejects turn down pv;}Sv$
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die She died of an illness; and he died a beggar. cC b'z
1
Thestorms are dying down. Q(>89*b&
Thenoise of the car died away in the distance. %Gh!h4Pv
Themembers of the family had all died off. c2-NXSjsW
Thisspecies has died out. Q3'\Vj,S&
V1,O7m+F2
Canyou describe what he looks like? eBlVb*nmq
Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tell 4F^(3RKZ|
#'_i6
Theywere determined that he make a big fortune in his forties. wk'|gI[W
Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/serious 2a3i]e5Kt
wRCGf
ILw
Shewas in his eyes a devoted mother. @OV\raUO&V
Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealous %D:Mt|
Thesewers discharge (their contents) into the sea. .r[kNh@
b%
Discharge/discard/ cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / giveaway/ i*_T\_=
throwaway/cast off/get rid of pA&CBXio
>T'^&l(:
display We were amazed by the rich variety ofcommodities on display. @rB!47!
Herwritings display natural talents. * _)xlpy
Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose present j|N;&s`
gf$5pp-
distinct Mice are distinct form rats. o4^rE<vJ
Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilar z^;*&J
Longsentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style. .v?Ir)
Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive direct s,!+wHv_8
RP?UKOc
Thelight is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another. Q&
j: ai*
distinguish tell separate divide YII1Z'q
Heis one of the most distinguished scholars in this field. zZ@]Kq;.s
Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/recognized uQIa"u7
/prominent/important/superior $ d? N("L
-!zyit5B
Inthe dark I could only discern the outline of the building. @F%H 1
Discern/see/makeout/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/spy/behold #+I)<a7\
I
CCmE#n
diverse There are people from diverse culturesat the party. different various comprehensive mltG4R
?
c((^l&
Herefused to disclose his name and address. F0
x5(lpQ
Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betray yU`"]6(@[
1n|)05p
Theydrew up the contract and presented it to the management. /G[; kR"
Thetrain drew in/into the station. pull iU]py
draw pull drag push heave lift haul 5:ca6H
draw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoing WtlPgT;wE
7v\K,P8
Shedrove her car into the forest. unn2MP'
Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/ride gwHNz5 a*V
(o`"s~)
Don’tdiscourage her; she is doing her best. Vs encourage lrQ +G@#
Discourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keepfrom/try to stop rBG8.E36J
?L.c~w;l
Theshoes are expensive but durable. 0=]RG
Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strong gQHE2$i>
DY]\@<ez
Itis your duty to go. p<%76H
A
Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/office/role RDX".'`(=
Business/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/employment/effort 1QkAFSl3
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Heis living an easy life now. comfortable uEp
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O%:EPdoU
Itis an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer thancheap ones. ODE9@]a
economic/economical/economy r2,AZ+4FP
#N"zTW%
Hewent to a very good elementary school. @H'pvFLK?
Elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/initial/primitive n- cEa/g
u
Yk4qorA
Since1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect. ;Kb]v\C:
Theacid has no effect on the metal. 6OeRBD&
Thenew regulation does not go into effect until the first of March. /*B^@G |]'
Asentence of ten years' imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a life sentence. xHN"7 j}h
Heis not likely to give effect to his threat. Vj.5b0/(
effect force power practice {.
r/tV5IH
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Sheencouraged him to take this examination. Rb_HD
Encourage/support/backup/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspire Umwd<o
7.O1
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end Some plays are so successful that theyrun for years on end. c"mRMDg%
Imust warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 0q%=Vs~@g
I'vewarned you no end of times not to touch that machine. 7QdU|1]
Ihope that everything will turn out all right in the end. k]*DuVCOX
Hehad approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he wasat his wit's end. BS
}uv3
Weended the diner up with fruit and coffee. L@rKG~{Xy
Whenthe reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall. @Bfwb?&
Theargument between the two men ended in a fight. pf.T{
/%
Thegovernment is determined to put an end to terrorism. yQQ[_1$pq
_"`wUMee
He'sentitled to a pension, but he won't dream of retiring yet. !Xt=+aKN
entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empower 64s9Dy@%F
yc,Qz.+g
Thesoldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. E&k{ubcT
equip provide ZgO7W]Z4
S\<]|tM:x
Theyhave the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. inclusive _\ n'uW$
!F{ 5"$
Mywife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job. ?Mp)F2'
exert practice exercise impose avail /Ny/%[cu
~S Js2-2
Heis one of the greatest contemporary writers. %j=E}J<H5*
Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recent d87pQ3e:&
r8C6bFYM
He must face up to the fact that he is nolonger young. live face come _-g:T
)|/t}|DIx
Devotionis essential for work. Ov%9S/d
Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispensable r2QC$V:0
Compulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgent WT(R =bLw
xtU)3I=F%
Nothingis everlasting. NVFAmX.Z:
Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/forgood
Z.m.Uyz{7
4BuS?
#_
Thebird extended its wings in flight. N|q:wyS|
Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnify K1z"..(2J
%{/0
K<M
Hernose is a very attractive feature. I}Q3B3Byg
Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/mark n<yV]i$
!0`ZK-nA6
Areyou in favor of women taking part in politics? )." zBc#
Inthe favor [.z1
Theinternational situation is favorable to us. Advantageous nC`#Hm.V%
21 cB_"
Panic swept through the swimmers asthey caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. WP^%[?S2
TensionExcitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil riot TQ@*eoJj
;?inf`t
AfterTom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driving license. & PHHacp
Thechildren hid in the house and ate their fill. ~`tc|Zu
The price of vegetables fluctuates accordingto the weather. RWA|%/L
wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shudders 7-e)V{A`w
.:Ro
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There are fine distinctions between thetwo. AH=6xtS-
fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificant "cJ5Fd:*
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Michael found it difficult to get hisBritish jokes across to American audience. P'ZWAxd
Understand comprehend catch on get 'zT/x`V
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Hegave a gift for my birthday. F w{8MQ2
Give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver/dealout E?Q=#+}U
/handout/turn in +~FH'DsT
>>^c_ 0"O
Hehad a good house, a good wife and a good job. zKV{JUpG
Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decent 0TA/ExJ-LT
?wwY8e?S
Theygrouped together in fours. u> >t"w
Arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/catorgerize/estimate ]s,T`
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Whenhe was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what washappening around him. Hang loaf loiter bJ. ((1$
N;[w`d'#
hit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come across QX(:!b
Hernew film is quite a hit. success 7^Onq0ym T
Therent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affect =~aJ]T}(
W=)}=^N0
hold She held back, not knowing how to breakthe terrible news. Zqam Iq
Ithink he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits. 9@vY(k k
Shealways holds to her convictions. mbS
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Theforthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction. xOu
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Roadworks on the highway are holding up traffic. F1Z20)8K
There was something wrong with the trafficsignal. Our bus was ______ for nearly half an hour. .+
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A. held on B. held back C. held out D. held up I|R9@
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identical This copy is identical with/to the ones youbought last week. the same as
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Ifonly I were rich! n!tC z<v
Onlyif I am rich, I can do what I want. )(!vd!p5
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Immoralvs amoral <w,aS;v6jp
Hedeserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors.
d;CD~s
Vx#xq#wK
Itwas he that initiated this project. E|^a7-}|
Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/breakthe ice fk",YtS*
+F0M?,
Incentive The fun of playing the game was a greaterincentive than the prize. LTa9'
q0
(excitement initiative motive entertainment) +5T0]!
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distinctive / typical/ characteristic/representative/ special/ particular / unique / notable/ particular Y3Fj3NwS
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income revenue fund payment wages finance budget expenditure y3zP`^
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pleasing pleasant grateful thankful pleased gracious generous 1u
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Hemade an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the point. {KG 6#/%;
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prevail triumph win #BC"bY
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Sheis putting radical proposals for the economic reform. +vBi7#&
Wehad to put off our wedding until September. } M#e\neii
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Range/limit/distance/length/scope/extent/reach/field/sphere f5jl$H.
reach All these were within the reach of theordinary men. rIyH/=;
Putthat bottle of weed-killer out of the reach of the children. L@}PW)#
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My favorite recreation is chess. ]WT@&F
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Shesaid nothing regarding your request. K)Y& I
Pleasegive my sincere regards to all the members of your family. pR0[qsQM
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respect With respect to your requests, we regret thatwe are unable to assist you in this matter. +qi&