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主题 : 考博英语—长难句
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楼主  发表于: 2015-10-25   
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考博英语—长难句

长难句 4aO/^Hl  
第一节:非谓语动词 f|{iW E2d  
1.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe wI@87&  
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. `2Pa{g- .  
2.Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. Ge?Wm q>  
第二节:名词性从句 xF8r+{_J)  
一 主语从句 *(9Tl]w  
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. v#,queGi  
U WT%0t_T  
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. ]PS`"o,pF$  
二 宾语从句 UGAV"0  
1.   Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. 6?a`'&  
bWTf P8gT  
2.   Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. &N^j }^ Z  
三 表语从句 c_>Gl8J  
1.  Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. >V6t L;+  
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2.  Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. 03~ ADj  
四 同位语从句 9,?~dx  
1.    Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the  family  is one of the  central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. B%tF|KKj  
2.   Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. Mq\=pxC@  
第三节:定语从句 zxn|]P bS  
1.   Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina flCT]ZR  
  Fx^wV^q3  
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country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. w~@"r#-  
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2.   Silicon  Valley  is  a   magnet  to   which  numerous  talented  engineers,  scientists  and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. \OW:-  
第四节:状语从句 cO J`^^P  
1.    Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. xSudDhRP  
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2.   Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. bB$f=W!m%  
第五节:并列结构 kp*v:*  
1.  Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. ^5X?WA,Z99  
s[8. l35|  
2.    The role of natural selection in evolution  was formulated only as little more  than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. &qbEF3p^@  
第六节:强调结构 4kL6aSqT  
强调结构是指在句子当中,有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气,增强情感色彩或 加强对比,需要改变句子结构,这种结构叫做强调结构 T1C_L? L  
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1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词,往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 S/E&&{`ls  
祈使句,不适用于"be"动词 2^B_iyF;  
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 7n5gXiI"  
3 强调部分提前 |[rn/  
HR-'8?)R.A  
1.   Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced  and how resources are used toproduce it. /NQrE#pb  
{ dF@Vg_n  
2.    Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. Ae7FtJO  
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第七节:比较结构 Z#}sK5s  
英语中,比较结构的句型复杂,表现形式多样。在翻译的时候,需要仔细分析,在准确 理解的基础上,才能进行贴切的表达。所以,从理解与表达的角度来看,比较的形式是次要 的,真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较,就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解,所以也比较容易翻译,如:I am tallerthan he.(我比他高)。因此,这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法,而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 $q\"d?n  
一、as…as…句型 x+Yo#u22  
(一)as…as…句型 uUjjAGZ  
as…as…句型是同级比较,表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候,通常翻译为“… 2q[pOT'k  
和….一样”。 bpc1> ?  
(二)notas (or so)…as…句型 J!om"h  
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样,前者不如后者, 所以,通常翻译为“…不如…”。 pEwo}NS*H  
(三)notsomuch…as…句型 suQTi'K1  
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 W/UA%We3+L  
(四)notsomuch as…句型 I3>8B  
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”,所以通常翻译为“甚至不…,甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 +2{ f>KZ  
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 H@-q NjM  
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 ( K[e=0Rf  
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型,通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 vP,pK=5  
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. J299 mgB  
我的英语学得很好,不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 Un8' P8C  
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三、more…than…句型 4P#jMox  
(一)more Athan B句型 ';G/,wB?`  
A比B多 PV\J] |d,%  
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 mo<*h&;&  
是B而不是A `]65&hWZL  
与其说A不如说B qcO~}MJr}^  
(二)morethan…句型 T"P}`mT  
在英语中,如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同,意义也不尽相同,所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 R'Ue>k  
1.morethan后面接数词,表示“多于…,….以上”的意思。 te [uAJ1 N  
2.morethan后面接名词或者动词,表示“不只是…”的意思。 d_(>:|o h  
3.morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词,表示“极其,非常”的意思。 FV9{u[3m  
4.morethan…can…则表示“难以…,完全不能…”的意思。 2@bOy~$A  
(三)nomore…than…句型 3F"vK  
1. nomore Athan B =( ZOn=IL  
notAanymorethan B !Fs$W  
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5 v.&|[\k  
A不是B也不是 >&HW6 c  
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 ue3 ].:  
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1.   Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. a4uy}@9z  
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2.   Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia.  I wj[ ^  
o,j_eheAM  
第八节:否定结构 W2h*t"5W  
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异,尤其在表达否定概念上,英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式,而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中,这些否定句就象陷阱一样,稍有不慎,就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时,切不可望文生义,而必须细心揣摩,真正透彻理解其意义,然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型,才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 QN;5+p[N  
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… >7@,,~3  
may (might)aswell… )}$rgYKJ  
too…todo too…forn >#n"r1  
2 形式否定但意义肯定 ;fV"5H)U\  
not…until(直到……才),not…too(越……越好),nonebut(只有),nothingbut(只有), nothingmorethan(仅仅),no sooner…than(刚一……就),hardly…when…(刚一……就),not only…butalso(不仅……而且),not…longbefore(很快就),nomorethan(仅仅,只是),no other than(只有,正是) < - sr&  
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语,翻译成汉语时,需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 6{d?3Jk  
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句,而翻译成汉语的时候,需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 W`LG.`JW  
是not…because….,可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 ^+%bh/2_W  
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. M&=SvM.f  
bkR~>F]FAu  
1.   Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. R%LFFMVn  
2.   Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. 3R$R?^G  
  yU(}1ZID  
"< Di  
第九节:倒装结构 vC&0UNe$  
1.    Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. MZ0cZv$v!~  
2.   Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. D $KP>G  
第十节:分裂结构 IW@ xT@  
1.   Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. B]hRYU  
> mCH!ey  
2.  Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. {8":c n j  
%qJgtu"8  
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