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第一节:非谓语动词 d+ql@e ]
1.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe v|CR
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2.Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. |!flR? OU
第二节:名词性从句 q}1AV7$Ai
一 主语从句 .' 3;Z'%"g
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. rnEWTk7&
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2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. 0waQw7
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二 宾语从句 \b{=&B[Q$'
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. li$(oA2
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2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. f.,S-1D]h
三 表语从句 QVQe9{ "0
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. HwiG~'Ah9
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2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. s-3vp
四 同位语从句 4B^f"6'
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. ]M-j_("&
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. ,M5zhp$
第三节:定语从句 u4rG e!
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina cQA;Y!Q#
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country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations.
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2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. _@ev(B
第四节:状语从句 :BNqr[=b
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. pbl;n|
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2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. wHEt;rc(
第五节:并列结构 VNp[J'a>VZ
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. 9V9K3xWn
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2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. R]/3`X9!d>
第六节:强调结构 J)"2^?!&B
强调结构是指在句子当中,有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气,增强情感色彩或 加强对比,需要改变句子结构,这种结构叫做强调结构 sV%<U-X
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1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词,往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的
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1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. onI%Jl sq
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2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. +vIpt{733
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第七节:比较结构 V|gW%Z,j
英语中,比较结构的句型复杂,表现形式多样。在翻译的时候,需要仔细分析,在准确 理解的基础上,才能进行贴切的表达。所以,从理解与表达的角度来看,比较的形式是次要 的,真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较,就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解,所以也比较容易翻译,如:I am tallerthan he.(我比他高)。因此,这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法,而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 PzMJ^H{
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(二)notas (or so)…as…句型 L-?
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(三)notsomuch…as…句型 ?<)4_
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 =(2y$,6g?
(四)notsomuch as…句型 #s>AiD
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”,所以通常翻译为“甚至不…,甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 iO 9.SF0:
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二、比较级+thantodo…句型 VwvL
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三、more…than…句型 {*mf Is
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(二)morethan…句型
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1.morethan后面接数词,表示“多于…,….以上”的意思。 =jv3O.z q
2.morethan后面接名词或者动词,表示“不只是…”的意思。 3bYPi^
3.morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词,表示“极其,非常”的意思。 lCafsIB
4.morethan…can…则表示“难以…,完全不能…”的意思。 \
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(三)nomore…than…句型 GmhfBW?
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1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. mH.c`*
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2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. e5AZU7%.
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第八节:否定结构 [KQ#b
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异,尤其在表达否定概念上,英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式,而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中,这些否定句就象陷阱一样,稍有不慎,就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时,切不可望文生义,而必须细心揣摩,真正透彻理解其意义,然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型,才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 h*
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2 形式否定但意义肯定 LZtO Q__B)
not…until(直到……才),not…too(越……越好),nonebut(只有),nothingbut(只有), nothingmorethan(仅仅),no sooner…than(刚一……就),hardly…when…(刚一……就),not only…butalso(不仅……而且),not…longbefore(很快就),nomorethan(仅仅,只是),no other than(只有,正是) 8n/8uRIR
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语,翻译成汉语时,需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 n\ 'PNB
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句,而翻译成汉语的时候,需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 Rp+Lu
是not…because….,可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 R ;k1(p
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1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. 0fGt7 "Q
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. dQn,0
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第九节:倒装结构 /HH_Zi0?N|
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. 9Y:Iha`$w
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. ?[]jJ
第十节:分裂结构 =pZ$oTR
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. %Rt
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2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. SoWM
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