PART I: Cloze (20 points) 0d #jiG
Directions: Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. >Te h ?P
Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control. Production workers must be |&0Cuwt
able to do just-in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a "don't think, do what .Gnzu"lod
you are told" to a "think, I am not going to tell you what to do" style of management. "v5jYz5M
This shift occurs not because today's managers are more ___(1)___ than yesterday's managers,
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but because the evidence is mounting that the second style of management is more ___(2)___ than n~
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the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work qM0Df0$?x
force both become more central and require different models of behavior. ?8@EBPpC
To be on top of this situation, tomorrow's managers will have to have strong background in C4t@;U=x
organizational psychology, human relations, and labor ___(3)___. The MIT Sloan School of quickly (&-!l2
management attempts to ___(4)___ our understanding in these areas through research and then ZD`0(CkXb
quickly bring the ___(5)___ of this new research to our students so that they can be leading-edge %&S :W%qm?
managers when it comes to the human side of the equation. fk?(mxx"
The first three decades after World War II were ___(6)___ in ___(7)___ the United States had a Xe:e./@
huge technological lead ___(8)___ all the rest in the world. In a very real sense, ___(9)___ ~mu)Cw
technological competitive. American firms did not have to worry about their technological E|omC_h
competitiveness because they were ___(10)___. OE_A$8L
But that world has disappeared. Today we live in a world where American firms ___(11)___ ?<eH!MHF
have automatic technological ___(12)___. In some areas they are still ahead, in some areas they are .
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__(13)___, and in some areas they are behind, but on average, they are average. w]Z:Y`
___(14)___ this means is that American managers have to understand the forces of technical s
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change in ways ___(15)___ were not necessary in the past. Conversely, managers from the rest of VW *d*!
the world know that it is now possible for them to dominate their American competitors if they xBKis\b
understand the forces of technical change better than their American competitors do. dI$M9;
In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically ___(16)___ ___(17)___ their Q
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functional tasks within the firm. They don't have to be scientists or engineers inventing new =/L
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technologies, ___(18)___ they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not bet 'AJlkLqm#>
on new technologies. If they ___(19)___ what is going on and technology effectively becomes a !O*uQB
black box, they ___(20)___ to make the changes. They will be losers, not winners.
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1 a. enlightened b. enlightening c. enlightenment d. enlighten },(Ln%M
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2 a. sterile b. producing c. productive d. extravagant ?_Y2'O
3 a. economics b. economic c. economy d. economies x^P ~+(g
4 a. take b. arouse c. rise d. advance x4nmDEpa
5 . a. results b. evidence c. content d. fruits `u7"
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6 a. usual b. flawed c. unusual d. unessential mnS
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7 . a. which b. / c. that d. those v'H\KR-;
8 a. by b. over c. on d. upon qJPEq%'Q
9 a. was the world not b. the world was not c. did the world be not d. was not the world mj9r#v3.
10 a.superior b. super c. inferior d. junior x;p7n2_
11 a. still b. even c. neither d. no longer E{B=%ZNnm
12 a. superiority b. inferiority c. majority d. minority Ec;{N
13 a. common b. average c. ignorant d. exceptional :r,o-D
14 a. How b. That c. What d. Which 'k(aZ"
15 a. that b. they c. those d. who 6Om)e=gU/
16 a. illiterate b. sophisticated c. literate d. omniscient UOAL7
17 a. regardless b. in spite of c. despite d. regardless of iF1E 5{dH
18 a. and b. likewise c. furthermore d. but -^+!:0';
19 a. didn’t understand b. don't understand c. haven’t understood d. hadn’t understood 1hnw+T<<W
20 a. failed b. would have failed c. would fail d. would be failed Zr
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PART II: Reading Comprehension (30 points) slWO\AYiO
Directions: Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. bQFMg41*w7
Passage 1 nNJMQb'K
The leaders of the mythopoetic men's movement believe that modernization has led to the h<8.0
feminization of men. Mythopoets believe that the rise of the urban industrial society "trapped men ]~H\X":[>
into straitjackets of rationality, thus blunting the powerful emotional communion and collective )lsR8Hi8
spiritual transcendence that they believe men in tribal societies typically enjoyed". Most a.O pxd
importantly, the movement seeks to restore the "deep masculine" to men who have lost it in their e dv&!
more modern lifestyles. Other causes for the loss of the "deep masculine" include: Men no longer 8vL2<VT;
being comrades who celebrated their masculinity together. Rather, they had become competitors m5/d=k0l
within their workplaces; Men spending more time in their houses with women than they did with wQV[ZfU^h
men (in non-competitive terms outside of work). Excessive interaction with women generally kept 6~@S,i1
men from realizing their internal masculinity; Feminism is bringing attention to the “feminine WK<:(vu.
voice.” Through this, the mythopoetic men felt that their voices had been muted (though Bly and ^UEExjf
others are careful in not blaming feminism for this); The separation of men from their fathers kept c4'k-\JvT
them from being truly initiated into manhood, and was a source of emotional damage. Men were v.Y?<=E+<d
suffering further emotional damage due to feminist accusations about sexism. Men should celebrate L~PBD?l
their differences from women, rather than feeling guilty about them. Men is being discouraged from X?8 EPCk
expressing their emotions. Male inexpressivity is an epidemic and does not correspond to their +KzbaBK
"deep masculine" natures. Groups of primarily white, middle-aged, heterosexual men from the +%%Ef]
professional class retreated from their female loved ones in order to join in spiritual rituals that 7|/Ct;oO:
emphasized homosociality, with the central goal of reclaiming the parts of their masculinity that |pA
they had lost called the "deep masculine." Because most men no longer perform masculine rituals, &Oih#I
mythopoets assert that men have mutated into destructive, hypermasculine chauvinists, or, in the dpPu&m+
opposite direction, have become too feminized. The mythopoetic men performed rituals at these :~Z-K\
gatherings, which were meant to imitate those performed by tribal societies when men initiated oY K(=j
boys into a deeply essential natural manhood. The movement emphasized the importance of KT>eE
including multiple generations of men in the rituals, so that the men could learn about masculinity \pVmSac,
from those who were older and wiser. Characteristic of the early mythopoetic movement was a Duu)8ru
tendency to retell myths, legends and folktales, and engage in their exegesis as a tool for personal Q,f~7IVX
insight. Using frequent references to archetypes as drawn from Jungiananalytical psychology, the S1Nwm?z
movement focused on issues of gender role, gender identity and wellness for the modern man (and 2.>WR~\
woman). Advocates would often engage in storytelling with music, these acts being seen as a Q/[g|"
modern extension to a form of "new ageshamanism" popularized by Michael Harner at C2[* $ 1U
approximately the same time. The movement sought to empower men by means of equating b 5u8j
archetypal characters with their own emotions and abilities. For instance, Michael Messner ? +q(,P@*
describes the concept of "Zeus energy" as emphasizing "male authority accepted for the good of the $Sx(vq6(
community". Beliefs about the emotional system based in archetypes of great men, mythopoets V8Fp1?E9S
sought to channel these characters in themselves, so that they could unleash their "animal-males". E0s|eA&
This group primarily analyzed the archetypes of King, Warrior, Magician, Lover and Wildman. g"dq;H
As a self-help movement the mythopoetic movement tends not to take explicit stances on _-M27^\vV
political issues such as feminism, gay rights or family law (such as the issues of divorce, domestic FoNkISzW
violence or child custody), preferring instead to stay focused on emotional and psychological 3tjF4C>h|
well-being. Because of this neutrality, the movement became a site of social criticism by feminists, NR6wNz&81
and was often characterized as anti-intellectual as well as apolitical. Michael Messner once gave a RnaxRnXVR
speech at a gathering, in which he addressed the dangers of celebrating the warrior, as instances of 2&,jO+BqE@
rape are higher in countries that glorify war. The mythopoets responded that they were not "?X,);5S
interested in intellectual or political pursuits, but were primarily concerned with conducting +I$,Y~&`>
spiritual and emotional work. Additional feminist critique revolved around the movement's absence dKk#j@[n"
of women's perspectives, as well as the essentialism in the movement's teachings. I""zg^Rq
Comprehension Questions: Sf>#Zqj/
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21. The mythopoetic men's movement can best be understood as ________________. \}n\cUy-
a. a men’s literary movement vmj'X>Q
c. a men's rights movement x<'<E@jpU;
b. a men's liberation movement QhJuH_f 0
d. a second-wave feminist movement {M^BY,%*
22. The mythopoetic men's movement consists of groups of men who retreated from their female 81}JX
loved ones in order to strive for ________________. tgVMgu
a. gay rights f|'0FI
b. same-sex marriage Mp7X+o/
c. masculinity `9*
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d. myths, legends and folktales Bc*FH>E
23. The idea that modernization has led to the feminization of men means that Tpd|+60g
_________________. ! }>CEE
a. men cannot be themselves rk-GQ#SKU
c. men’s voices have changed I'E7mb<2
b. men can no longer make friends M-8
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d. men cannot express themselves /os,s[w
2 +WjX@rSq[
24. The root issue is ________________. ZYS]Et[Q
a. feminism &<LBz|
b. masculinity bP Q=88*
c. sex 3c=>;g
d. gender `k6ZAOQtX
25. According to the text, the causes for rape must be sought in _________________. ]5r@`%9
a. the celebration of the archetype of the warrior x']Fe7nv
b. the unleashing of men’s "animal-males” ri%j*Kn
c. domestic violence pft-.1py
d. the loss of masculine rituals hS1I ;*t
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Passage 2 T
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Although in the novel the millennium has been and gone, there are no references at all to real iax0V
contemporary American or global political events of the time of writing. Chapstick, Pledge, and akFT 0@9
Skevener in their study The Endless Loop of History: Space Time in the work of David Foster w{*PZ
b4
Wallace (London 2001) have already noted the way Infinite Jest divorces itself from history by the +BVY9U?\"
use of sci fi elements. They note how compared with the American post moderns, whose works :,ucJ|
interact with real historical time, Infinite Jest takes place in an ahistorical, allegorical time. DFW’s U=WS
]
invention of Subsidized Time, and the renaming of years after products and companies shows the n?778Wo}
way in which the soul-rotting effects of advertising infect time as well as internal and external ~F^tLi!5
space (cf: Phillip K Dick’s adverts projected onto the moon in The Man in the High Castle). UqD ]@s`
Otherwise, the ubiquitous presence of advertising in contemporary daily life is absent from the >6R3KJe
novel. Actually, this is not correct. The theme of waste management (also the underlying structure )$ h!lAo
of Don DeLillo’s novel Underworld) reflects some of the anxieties of the 90s, the decade in which 1_b*j-j
the novel was written: namely, global warming, environmental concerns, nuclear waste $H)QUFyC
management, including its export to third world countries, the trading of carbon emission points, !Sw=ns7
futures swaps in carbon footprints etc. DFW is here simply satirizing contemporary concerns; and a 'zbvg0 T
Freudian reading of this theme is both unnecessary and not really illuminating, Don Gately’s work &=x4M]t9L
as a shit hoser notwithstanding. DFW’s use of spurious knowledge and scholarship (including a Jt[,V*:#
spurious academic apparatus at the back of the book) has been amply commented on, especially the \ @fKKb|
doubtful physics of J.O. Incandenza’s work with lenses and nuclear annulation, and the iffey math x.#E3xI
involved in the Eschaton game. By his use of the spurious DFW is not only satirizing the discourse 9|lLce$
of academic knowledge, but making a serious point about the extent and typology of knowledge 0QT:@v2R
itself. Once knowledge becomes so specialized as to become comprehensible to only a very few Gx8!AmeX
those firmly inside the discourse- what status does that knowledge gain? To those outside the YVwpqOE.=
discourse, the knowledge can only be taken on trust, and therefore all manner of hoods may be 33EF/k3vW
winked. In this case the boundaries between the fictional and the real become blurred, a matter for J
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argument. We are used to questioning the reliability of the narrative voice in fiction, but not so able cFt&E