医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 SPTx-b[  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） +;@R&Y  
记分标准如下： V+'zuX  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 rI
v#YqT  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 9Z2a FW9  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 4ti
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　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 !9C]Fs*`?
 
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 v{SYz<(  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 U z)G Y  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： !M6Km(>  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； @MH/efW.  
　　2） 语法基本正确； tpV61L   
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； 0oyZlv*  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； oe_,q&e  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 :$^sI"hO  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 yrMakT=  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 ltl(SIi  
考生出现的问题 XKBQH(  
不会审题 6:bvq?5a5  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 s\ ]Rgi>w  
用词搭配不当。 #0M,g  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 w`Z@|A  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 X%M*d%n b  
Our English class often told stories. '6>nXp?)r  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. rI1;>/Ir  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 aQfrDM<*XS  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ~F]If\b  
语法错误。 '"Dgov$q  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 <+7-^o_  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； OY#=s!] M  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 ^sVB:?  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 [hXU$Y>"0  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。
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有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 r \]iw v  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： &AlX).  
It is often said that… ~C],?X(zk  
Generally speaking… }q@Jh*  
As the proverb says… M&O .7B1}  
It goes without saying that… mH} 1Zy  
It is clear/obvious that… E%C02sI  
Mary people often ask … s5ddGiZnBT  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： KC{HX?  
It is true that… 8CKI9  
Everybody knows that… Doy7prKI8  
It can be easily proved that… x5}Ru0Z  
No one can deny that… ff9D{$V5  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… eu|cQ^>  
The chief reason why …is that … d^W
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We must recognize that… f#UT~/~bL2  
There is no doubt that… vr D]o1F  
I am of the opinion that… ( XoL,lJ  
This can expressed as follows… @t6B\ ?4'T  
To take…for an example (instance) … 1x#Z}XG  
Therefore we should realize that … H`;q@  
We have reason to believe that… D? 3^>h  
We know that… ga~C?H,K  
What is more serious is that… |%R}!O<.c  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： C&m[/PJ~l  
Another special consideration in this case is that … Rb~NX  
Besides, we should not neglect that… ;V~[kF=t0  
However, …  ^F `   
But the problem is not so simple, … /MB3w m  
Therefore… OFTyN^([@  
But it is a pity that… dtw4cG  
On the other hand, … ,=tPh4>  
I do not believe that… ) )q4Rh  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… sF$$S/b  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… %(IkUD  
Though we are in basic agreement with … K"O+`2$  
The trouble seems that… l.c*,9  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 9H9 P'lx9  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… r(W=1e'  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： P5Y:c@
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In a word, … "/e:V-W   
In sum, … *E0dCY$  
In conclusion, … RCSG.*%%I  
From this point of view, … d|!FI/  
On account of this we can find that … :nZVP_d+  
The result is dependent on … u:Fa1 !4JR  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… ro DE?7x1  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… ,iKL 68  
　　2.句子连接 LD]a!e
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　　(1)“启” tONX<rA| ]  
in the first place at present /UP&TyZ  
currently it goes without saying that }w{6Ua  
lately first _?"P<3/iF  
first of all now c]SXcA;Pmv  
presently firstly v]UT1
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generally recently 9Z.Xo kg  
in the beginning to begin with $on"@l%U  
to start with in general cZB?_[Cp  
　　(2)“承” F xek#  
after a few days after a while d??;r:  
also at any arte z'=8U@P'#  
at the same time besides U($bR|%D  
by this time certainly *3.K; Ic;  
consequently for example BvQMq5&  
for instance for this purpose rC`pTN  
from now on furthermore -BQ oNEh  
in addition in addition to… sIUhk7Cd8  
in fact in other words /V-uo(n< .  
in particular in the same manner 2/XrorV  
incidentally indeed kYbqb?  
meanwhile moreover 4= 7#=F1  
no doubt obviously 3K;V3pJ].  
of course particularly (*~'#k  
second secondly Y-yozt  
similarly so m
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soon still eI Ldq*  
then third _3Kow{y\  
thirdly truly [3K& cX}B  
unlike… what is more v11Uw?CM  
　　(3)“转” nXU`^<nA  
after all all the same rY?]pMp  
anyway at the same time s9#WkDR  
but by this time \wZ 4enm  
conversely despite… u~O9"-m !V  
especially… fortunately X%C`('"R  
however in other words plNoI1st  
in particular in spite of… 5q^5DH_;  
in the same way likewise %LM2CgH V  
luckily nevertheless rF^H\U:w  
no doubt not withstanding … at|.Q* &a#  
on the contrary on the other hand dDg[ry  
otherwise perhaps… O#_\@f#[  
unfortunately unlike… 7+NBcZuG9  
whereas… yet E8/Pi>QW  
nonetheless as a matter of fact 49o/S2b4z  
(4)“合” X:#}E7]j  
above all accordingly sC'PtFK8z  
as a consequence as a result :Z[|B(U  
as has been noted as I have said f8?hEa:js  
at last at length {i<L<Y(3  
by and large briefly  .: Zw6  
by doing so consequently %ONU0xtqk  
eventually finally w-"tA `F4  
hence in brief V8O-|7H$v  
in conclusion in short v8"Zru  
on the whole therefore *DgRF/S  
thus to speak frankly v t_lM  
to sum up to summarize 2Rqpok4  
indeed surely yJ:rry  
to conclude obviously Z5V_?bm$  
certainly truly `.g'bZ<v/  
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常用句型 *`40
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 @x^/X8c(p  
1. In general, I don’t agree with *EPJeblAV  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. C1uV7t*\  
3. The chief reason why… is that… L0R$T=~%)  
4.There is no true that… X"V)oC  
5. It is not true that… }ww`Y&#  
6. It can be easily denied than… OYfRtfE  
7. We have no reason to believe that… b"2_EnE}1  
8. What is more serious is that… _4 YT2k  
9. But it is pity that… dn&4 84  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… q>6RO2,  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… BxiR0snf0q  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… sVH w\_F$  
13. Perhaps I was question why… *|^|| bd  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… wn.UjxX.  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but zhe~kI  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… .dn#TtQv  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… I :8s3;  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… k_nQmU>  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… E;YD5^B  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… SB:z[kfz|  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … (ylZ[M&B:  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. y"iK)SH  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. "$3~):o  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. Lie= DD  
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用于描写图表和数据 ;)vs=DK:)  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. !{!(yP_  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. H|3CZ=U?  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 2gW+&5;4  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. bV:MOj^  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. of'H]I Z  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. r@Xh8 r;  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. gu1n0N`b  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. u&'&E   
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. K,!f7KKo  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. G{.A5{  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… :eBp`dmn  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 j?(@x>HA  
1.Everybody knows that… .VkLF6  
2.It can be easily proved that… 787}s`,}  
3. It is true that… LufZ,  
4. No one can deny that zTze
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5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Y|<1|wG
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6. The chief reason is that… Yt;@@xe&  
7. We must recognize that… !<^`Sx/+  
8. There is on doubt that… &.:yP3  
9. I am of the opinion that… >H?~2O  
10. This can be expressed as follows; Q
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11. To take …for an example… w&}UgtEm  
12. We have reason to believe that DO? bJ01  
13. Now that we know that… eS"sd^;R  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… p+R8Mo;I  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that pl.=u 0 *  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… ^Cn_ ODjo  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… D 3}e{J8  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… HltURTb I  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… N%`Eq@5  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… o8S)8_3  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… g/m%A2M&aH  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… L}%4YB  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… rDWqJ<8  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. &:*|K
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用于文章的开头 pxs`g&3yd  
1. As the proverb says… T1r^.;I:  
2. It goes without saying tan… o*WI*Fb'  
3. Generally speaking… k`Ifd:V.y  
4. It is quite clear than because… awa $o  
5. It is often said that … nLjo3yvV..  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” [Lo}_v&  
7. More and more people have come to realize… G#A& Y$  
8. There is no doubt that… K%"cVqb2V  
9. Some people believe that… UZ+FV;<  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? M0zlB{eH  
11. One great man said that… L3-tD67oa  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. r-a/vx#  
13. In the past several years there has been… fX2PteA0qX  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… ! G+/8Q^  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… O{9h'JU  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 3q.O^`y FU  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … >K9uwUi|b]  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. c
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用于文章的结尾 \}e1\MiZ  
1. from this point of view… ymBe vL  
2. in a word… Osdw\NNH~M  
3. in conclusion… Xo*=iD$Jys  
4. on account of this we can find that… DT@6Q.  
5. the result is dependent on… ( {H5k''  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: zZ
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7. thus, this is the reason why we must… V
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8. to sum up … tw]RH(g+#  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… 5eO`u8M  
10. It is obvious that… Yo c N
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11. There is little doubt that… DLkNL?a  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful *Ri?mEv hF  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. u|7d_3 ::  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 0!rU,74I=  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… PqIGc  
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用于论证和说明 . oUaq|O  
1. As it is described that… l/_3H\iM  
2. It has been illustrated that… =/"Of  
3. It provides a good example of… lC+p2OG^[  
4. We may cite another instance of… mk1;22o{TX  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… })Rmu."\  
6. A number of further facts may be added… bh?Vufd
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7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. b1jh2
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8. A recent investigation indicate that… S'HM|&  
9. According to the statistics provided … = eSG7QfS  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… V{fYMgv  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… ~-Rr[O=E  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… jcN84AaRFI  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… *J?QXsg  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… cn=~}T@~Z  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… fSl+;|K n  
16. All the facts suggest that… Vf*!m~]Vqi  
17. No one can deny the fact that… O%A:2Y79  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… tsU.c"^n  
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