医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 4dI=  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） E8PlGQ~z{d  
记分标准如下： /^9yncG;>  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 G.sf>
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　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 <;':'sW  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 Q'
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　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 <Z\j#p:  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 i4r8146D[  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 /F7X"_(H  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到：  _V_GdQ  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； 6HR^q  
　　2） 语法基本正确； n`2LGc[rP  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； i $;y  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； co
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　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 mUjM5ceAXO  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 E.+BqWZ!  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 O>kM2xw  
考生出现的问题 rv;is=#1  
不会审题  Jyo(Etp  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 Xwt}WSdF`k  
用词搭配不当。 Q2nqA1sRk  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 )w'GnUqWz  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 _&|<(m&."  
Our English class often told stories. Y[Kpd[)[v  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. mv\S1[<T  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 ^muPjM+D  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. bbxo!K m"  
语法错误。 !;h`J:dN  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 diDB>W  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； hz*H,E!>  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 ]q CCCI`  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 bA8RoC  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 1_0\_|  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 +[Zcz4\9  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： &JHqUVs^  
It is often said that… '7(oCab"_  
Generally speaking… $KMxq=  
As the proverb says… b?deZ2"L#  
It goes without saying that… J'#R9NO<  
It is clear/obvious that… `d6,]'  
Mary people often ask … [|{m/`8
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　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： =%ZR0cWPoI  
It is true that… E{W(5.kb;i  
Everybody knows that… +L\bg|;  
It can be easily proved that… .Mu]uQUF  
No one can deny that… Xl\yOMfp  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… H!vX#  
The chief reason why …is that … ,J ZM%f  
We must recognize that… I^itlQ  
There is no doubt that… E!zAUEVQm[  
I am of the opinion that… PuoN<9 #  
This can expressed as follows…
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To take…for an example (instance) … ^dCSk==  
Therefore we should realize that … 3P[u>xE  
We have reason to believe that… [>wvVv  
We know that… E GIwqci:  
What is more serious is that… |?Bb{Es  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： <N}*|z7=b  
Another special consideration in this case is that … ! tP HT  
Besides, we should not neglect that… %5|DdpES  
However, … h(Ccm
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But the problem is not so simple, … %x zgTZ  
Therefore… 8bP4  
But it is a pity that… 3&ES?
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On the other hand, … bhg OLh#  
I do not believe that… ?7CHHk  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… _rjLCvv-  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 4C[n@p2  
Though we are in basic agreement with … Yvbk[Rb  
The trouble seems that… 5|Or,8r(C  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… @E5}v  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… x.-d>8-!]c  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： dgsD~.((A  
In a word, … V- HO_GDo  
In sum, … '-k~qQk)6  
In conclusion, … *2tG07kI  
From this point of view, … {pof=G  
On account of this we can find that … Up|>)WFw"  
The result is dependent on … #v QyECf  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… &}/h[v_#'  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… NDaM;`  
　　2.句子连接 EFKOElG(k  
　　(1)“启” WJN}d-S=^  
in the first place at present Jxy94y*  
currently it goes without saying that U&<Nhh  
lately first _Z|3qQ  
first of all now ]A2l%V_7  
presently firstly :*wjC.Z  
generally recently d|8iD`sZz  
in the beginning to begin with _^)<d$R<  
to start with in general 4z##4^9g  
　　(2)“承” '9#O#I&J  
after a few days after a while bkgJz+u  
also at any arte Ydr
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at the same time besides $MT' ZM  
by this time certainly o?$
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consequently for example =NHzh!  
for instance for this purpose :z! N_]t  
from now on furthermore G}&{]w@  
in addition in addition to… !awfxH0  
in fact in other words .#] V5g,  
in particular in the same manner oVLgHB\zL  
incidentally indeed =a<};X  
meanwhile moreover M=hH:[6 &  
no doubt obviously uWYI p\NN  
of course particularly -H3tBEvoI  
second secondly x}W,B,q  
similarly so 9aR-kcvJIJ  
soon still X&[S.$_U  
then third ]mN'Qoc  
thirdly truly 
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unlike… what is more Y?(kE` R  
　　(3)“转” hy"O_
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after all all the same )5}=^aqd  
anyway at the same time gJ_{V;R  
but by this time t?:}bw+m  
conversely despite… 3TRzDE(J  
especially… fortunately gNdEPaaFI  
however in other words RnN]m!"5  
in particular in spite of… cY|?iEVs)  
in the same way likewise 37hs/=x  
luckily nevertheless GHaOFLY  
no doubt not withstanding … |0A"3w  
on the contrary on the other hand vps</f!  
otherwise perhaps… S <C'#vj  
unfortunately unlike… j~(s3pSCo  
whereas… yet 2NHkK_B1P  
nonetheless as a matter of fact B>&Q]J+

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(4)“合” GJ:65)KU  
above all accordingly Z*EK56.b  
as a consequence as a result CbmT aEaP  
as has been noted as I have said ?v4-<ewD  
at last at length raL!}  
by and large briefly V _(L/6  
by doing so consequently M ABrf`<b  
eventually finally
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hence in brief >h^CC*&'pw  
in conclusion in short LU
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on the whole therefore Zj@k3y  
thus to speak frankly ~)\9f 1O{^  
to sum up to summarize 9yU(ei:GUo  
indeed surely k[9~Er+  
to conclude obviously Aofk<O!M  
certainly truly ]JQ7x[  
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常用句型 v6Vieo=  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 Wpgp YcPS  
1. In general, I don’t agree with @>>8CU^~  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. Rra3)i`
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3. The chief reason why… is that… }HO3D.HE^  
4.There is no true that… 0rM'VgB  
5. It is not true that… ^HJvT)e4  
6. It can be easily denied than… :c4iXK0_^?  
7. We have no reason to believe that… tM&O<6Y  
8. What is more serious is that… OVwcjhQ  
9. But it is pity that… MIV<"A  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… h(M_ K  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… <OX_6d*@  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… "H{Etb/  
13. Perhaps I was question why… K]~! =j)v  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… VFmG\  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but |p4D!M+$7  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… }>q%##<n  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… d-GU164  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… ;rp("<g:>  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… ivgV5)".  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… i5PZ)&  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … y7f,]<%e_  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. _wp>AJ r  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. prIPPeMdz  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. Th\
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用于描写图表和数据 ;u:A:Y4V  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. xE$>;30b_  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. /$EX-!ie
 
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. g1!ek  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. UFE# J  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. *KMW6dg;  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. TnuaP'xZ  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 2|6E
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8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. U"qR6  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. buj*L&  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. a^#\"c  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… eN HSfq  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 dmB _`R  
1.Everybody knows that… pW7#&@AR  
2.It can be easily proved that… G5oBe6\C  
3. It is true that… =q\Ghqj1  
4. No one can deny that kndN} Vq  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… mX
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6. The chief reason is that… c,yjsxETW  
7. We must recognize that… GG=R!+p2  
8. There is on doubt that… ZRy'lW  
9. I am of the opinion that… s7Z+--I)L  
10. This can be expressed as follows; Tlar@lC|u  
11. To take …for an example… V[#$Sz[G  
12. We have reason to believe that ;irAq
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13. Now that we know that… i)1013b  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned…  W#bOx0  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that WJ&a9]&C  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… E4cPCQyeH  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… mHB0eB'l  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… F&_b[xso7  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… t%fcp  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… haSC[[o=  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 0% zy 6{  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… ?ZAynZ F|#  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… CQns:.`$`  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. V6!1(|  
ws([bS2h  
用于文章的开头 vo"?a~kY7  
1. As the proverb says… WzqYBa  
2. It goes without saying tan… |@Ze{\  
3. Generally speaking… N Wf IRL  
4. It is quite clear than because… .L8g(F(=:  
5. It is often said that … r!&}4lHYi  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” |0nt u+  
7. More and more people have come to realize… p C/13|I  
8. There is no doubt that… 7U2?in}?Qi  
9. Some people believe that… `6\u!#  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? U.pGp]\Q)G  
11. One great man said that… ,DD}o  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. 4XgzNwm  
13. In the past several years there has been… Nz%Yi?AF  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… %cl{J_}{&  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… ,FK.8c6g  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 7_~_$I~g*  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 'Gqo{wl  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. $QnsP#ePN  
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用于文章的结尾 jk{m8YP)E  
1. from this point of view… Lt_A&  
2. in a word… +c tJV>  
3. in conclusion… qZ%0p*P#_  
4. on account of this we can find that… Huc|HL#C  
5. the result is dependent on… l}~9xa}:D|  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: TGZr [  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… w"q^8"j!  
8. to sum up … """pe+Y  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… D22A)0+_  
10. It is obvious that… gR${S|Z#u4  
11. There is little doubt that… GI%9T
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12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful &#;lmYyaui  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. +&[X7r<  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 1IN^,A]r2h  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… z{nd4qOsD  
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用于论证和说明 gp-rTdN  
1. As it is described that… W#foVAi .  
2. It has been illustrated that… 2XrYm"6w  
3. It provides a good example of… c@lH  
4. We may cite another instance of… u-=VrHff^*  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… 3K%_wCZ  
6. A number of further facts may be added… KMXd  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. BOme`0
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8. A recent investigation indicate that… }LryRcrD-n  
9. According to the statistics provided … xzBUm  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… c\VD8 :  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that…
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12. All available evidence points to the fact that… G"U^]$(+K  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… U,V+qnS  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… S'=}eeG  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… V"8w:?  
16. All the facts suggest that… ]%+T+zg(Y  
17. No one can deny the fact that… G=&nwSL  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… sfs2kiH  
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