医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 wS*An
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英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） MfJ;":]O!  
记分标准如下： w8!S;~xKI  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 0PiD<*EA  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 >w,o|  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 {+CW_ce  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 @" -[@  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 "MH_hzbBF  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 K-%x]Fp=  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： "E4;M/  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； vbH?[Zr?  
　　2） 语法基本正确； ,>

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　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； eko$c,&jY  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； c&!EsMsU  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 T$ <l<.Qd  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 U?vG?{A  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 WCK;r{p%I  
考生出现的问题
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不会审题 X rBe41  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 xq#YBi,  
用词搭配不当。 R07 7eX  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 TR@*tfS  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 cV=0)'&<`_  
Our English class often told stories. "])yV    
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. wH?r 522`c  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 nT(Lh/  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. Wt$" f  
语法错误。 {
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　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 2[^p6s[  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； d7g3V
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　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 \FE  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 /' +GYS
  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 A*&
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有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 =g]Ln)jc  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： d&N[\5q  
It is often said that… n@`D:;?{  
Generally speaking… Ptj,9bf<\  
As the proverb says… &:]ej6V'[  
It goes without saying that… 0uw3[,I   
It is clear/obvious that… #km
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Mary people often ask … =_\+6\_  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： g8+Ke'=_  
It is true that… APne!  
Everybody knows that… ~8rVf+bg3  
It can be easily proved that… 4hymQ3 g  
No one can deny that… PO$ OXw  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… do-mkvk  
The chief reason why …is that … ;!k{{Xndd  
We must recognize that… vt(A?$j|A  
There is no doubt that… |I0O|Zdv  
I am of the opinion that… TB oN8cB}  
This can expressed as follows… 2D?V0>
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To take…for an example (instance) … 6Cdc?#&  
Therefore we should realize that … ?;q  
We have reason to believe that… #]g9O?0$  
We know that… =Wgz\uGJ  
What is more serious is that… Vm3e6Y,K  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： S4'\=w#  
Another special consideration in this case is that …  qGH s2Og  
Besides, we should not neglect that… =7*k>]o  
However, … kS\A_"bc  
But the problem is not so simple, … dxz.%a@PW  
Therefore… *.+Eg$'~V  
But it is a pity that… KX|7mr90K  
On the other hand, … \Y
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I do not believe that… D:r+3w:l]  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… G#|`Bjv"aP  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… *j`{ K  
Though we are in basic agreement with … s={jwI50  
The trouble seems that… A3;}C+K  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… pOe"S  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… u4W2{  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： &~6W!w  
In a word, … pyf/%9R:d  
In sum, … +O2z&a;q  
In conclusion, … gbl`_t/  
From this point of view, … @N?u{|R:d  
On account of this we can find that … /W vgC)  
The result is dependent on … l<89[{9o  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… A<+veqb4  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 9/@7NNKJ  
　　2.句子连接 tlz+!>  
　　(1)“启” sK&[sN33  
in the first place at present o-m9}pV  
currently it goes without saying that 2br xV'tk  
lately first Q`ALyp,9b  
first of all now $?e_ l  
presently firstly !n?8'eqWru  
generally recently L
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in the beginning to begin with '0\v[f{K3G  
to start with in general o~(/Twxam  
　　(2)“承” ?Tr]zxtd  
after a few days after a while D=0^"7K  
also at any arte :O~*}7
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at the same time besides 3T|xUY)G4  
by this time certainly _!} L\E~  
consequently for example !=Hu?F p  
for instance for this purpose V=?qU&r<+  
from now on furthermore J$/'nL<{^  
in addition in addition to… o-f;$]yp>  
in fact in other words 3Aqw)B'"_  
in particular in the same manner 4dgo*9  
incidentally indeed K4{1}bU{>  
meanwhile moreover [\rnJ lE  
no doubt obviously \?VNr
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of course particularly cu~\&3R  
second secondly ] c=nkS  
similarly so ?uBZ"^'  
soon still oQS_rv\Ber  
then third kW!`vQm~  
thirdly truly .Z0$KQ'iy  
unlike… what is more (z:DT
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　　(3)“转” ,2R7AHk  
after all all the same 'WC> _L  
anyway at the same time z K+C&X  
but by this time s;9>YV2at  
conversely despite… R'Uw
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especially… fortunately \H-,^[G3  
however in other words A;'*>NS  
in particular in spite of… "{lw;
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in the same way likewise t'.oty=  
luckily nevertheless {=q$k=ib  
no doubt not withstanding … GcpAj9  
on the contrary on the other hand ~dm/U7B:  
otherwise perhaps… -{=c T?"+  
unfortunately unlike… ,Q2?Z:l  
whereas… yet (0cL! N;;  
nonetheless as a matter of fact =/6rX"\P  
(4)“合” )dM
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above all accordingly ]JUb;B;Z  
as a consequence as a result OS Dx  
as has been noted as I have said K5ywO8_6`  
at last at length ,;)1|-^nu  
by and large briefly V.f'C w  
by doing so consequently ` ~.0PnHf  
eventually finally G
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hence in brief [|NgrU_.  
in conclusion in short :AzP3~BI  
on the whole therefore rP=!!fC1;  
thus to speak frankly 7H=^~J  
to sum up to summarize >d{O1by=d9  
indeed surely u>cU*E4/  
to conclude obviously AVx 0aj  
certainly truly _s&sA2r<  
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常用句型 u3Jsu=Nx-  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 yzml4/X  
1. In general, I don’t agree with
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2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. G#~6a%VW  
3. The chief reason why… is that… t\p_QWnF  
4.There is no true that… 3}}#'5D  
5. It is not true that… aKly1G  
6. It can be easily denied than… 7r_Y.  
7. We have no reason to believe that… 'x-PQQ  
8. What is more serious is that… :e&P's=
 
9. But it is pity that… 8+b ?/Rn0  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… f17pw J~=  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… L'>t:^QTh  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… P9wx`x""k  
13. Perhaps I was question why… u/@dWeY[]  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… |VC/(A  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but vk:m>?(  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… T]5Jsr
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17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… *+E9@r=HF  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… 6^L4wd7)  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 'WUevPmt  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… GUe&WW:Sqk  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … |!\(eLR9>  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. O?ZCX_R :L  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. F
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24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. |
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用于描写图表和数据 nnU &R  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. \h%/Cp+p  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. &b 2Vt  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. *Mt's[8  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 5]WpH0kzO  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. zL@ZNH  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. zkdyfl5  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 4Lx#5}P  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. c}II
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9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. !\a'GO[  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. ,y[wS5li  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… '3f"#fF6  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 m<>3GF,5bP  
1.Everybody knows that… .`84Y
 
2.It can be easily proved that… +'$=\d^  
3. It is true that… 5FJ<y"<6  
4. No one can deny that .kSx>3  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Y" &&=M#  
6. The chief reason is that… I3QK~ V*j)  
7. We must recognize that… [q/=%8qLUA  
8. There is on doubt that… \4q% n  
9. I am of the opinion that… he0KzwBF  
10. This can be expressed as follows; )miY>7K  
11. To take …for an example… `}ak;^Me  
12. We have reason to believe that ZPWY0&9  
13. Now that we know that… LlP_`fA  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned…  vgSs]g  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that MP\$_;&xB  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… <N11$t&_  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… W$7 db%qFx  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 'v.i' 6  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… [?mDTD8zU  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… UXVjRY`M.\  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… ~d :Z|8  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… F i?2sa  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… o0b}:`  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. (i^3Lw :  
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用于文章的开头 %"~\P u*>  
1. As the proverb says… Tx%6whd/'  
2. It goes without saying tan… jy`jxOoG~Z  
3. Generally speaking… :SilQm*Pl  
4. It is quite clear than because… XQ&iV7   
5. It is often said that … vdrV) ^  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” O7|0t\)  
7. More and more people have come to realize… 1J<Wth{  
8. There is no doubt that…  K*Y.mM)  
9. Some people believe that…
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10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? ri&B%AAc  
11. One great man said that… 6%Ap/zvCZ>  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. EzOO6  
13. In the past several years there has been… kD:O$8[J8  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… !0:uM)_k  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… l`8S1~j
 
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… ~Emeo&X  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … Wf/Gt\?  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. |>a  sGP  
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用于文章的结尾 8X`iMFa.P  
1. from this point of view… CrC1&F\dq  
2. in a word… p@] \N  
3. in conclusion… s 7re  
4. on account of this we can find that… #UL:#pY  
5. the result is dependent on… ]kA0C~4   
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: xWlj.Tjt}  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… '&,$"QXwE  
8. to sum up … ^T`)ltI]V  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… <4SY'-w  
10. It is obvious that… :4s{?IY
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11. There is little doubt that… DJ;il)^  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful LcS\#p#s]  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. 5BnO-[3  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… $j*%}x~[  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… P F#+G;q;  
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用于论证和说明 lPyGL-Q  
1. As it is described that… =Tv|kJ| j  
2. It has been illustrated that… V(Ll]g/T_;  
3. It provides a good example of… 7YT%.ID  
4. We may cite another instance of… m` ^o<V&  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… %PozxF:  
6. A number of further facts may be added… Ik2yIf5d  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. 9/3gF)I}  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… GlkTpX^b  
9. According to the statistics provided … m  "'  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… (os}s8cIh  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… <$bM*5sHF>  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… uFQ;}k;}  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… &R+/Ie#0dz  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… A+P9M \u.  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… Cw7 07
 
16. All the facts suggest that… ?'ID7mL  
17. No one can deny the fact that… )H@"S]?7i"  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… }jHS  
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