医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 r&XxF>  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） ;uuBX0B  
记分标准如下： >rFM8P(  
i2\CDYP  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 G2J4N2hu  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 "2I{T  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 Ge76/T%{Q  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 wee5Nirw6  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 !,*Uvs@b  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 L_>LxF43  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： 6V1 Z(K  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； QmsS,Zljo  
　　2） 语法基本正确； 8sL+ik"  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； @t8{pb;v  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； D\sh +}"  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 M5]$w]Ny9  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 NbUibxJ  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 }i\_`~  
考生出现的问题 QFEc?sEe  
不会审题 Zb~G&. 2g  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 B5va4@  
用词搭配不当。 ?&.Eg^a"  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 {^K&9sz  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 ATI2  
Our English class often told stories. <*$IZl6I  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 0ac'<;9]zP  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 QWK\6  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ~"vRH  
语法错误。 qTnk>g_oS&  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 `VRt{p  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； l' a<k"  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 IQ9Rvnna  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 Yo2n[  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 0S>U_#-  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 IZ+ZIR@}ci  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： &n&ndq  
It is often said that… ixo?o]Xb`  
Generally speaking… C.{z+  
As the proverb says… @jH8x!5u:  
It goes without saying that… b/'RJQSAc  
It is clear/obvious that… ^2!l/(?  
Mary people often ask … 7Ust7%  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： =h}IyY@o  
It is true that… {K+]^M  
Everybody knows that… n4Eqm33  
It can be easily proved that… E.OL_\  
No one can deny that… ai(J%"D"  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ;/.XAxkFL  
The chief reason why …is that … 5oE!^bF?  
We must recognize that… EU-= \Y  
There is no doubt that… 6/eh~ME=  
I am of the opinion that… 3_+$x4 %  
This can expressed as follows… N6_<[`  
To take…for an example (instance) … 2x&mJ}o#k  
Therefore we should realize that … Q[N6#C:(4  
We have reason to believe that… gsp|?)]x  
We know that… `l8^n0-  
What is more serious is that… N_"mC^Vx  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： :svRn9_8H  
Another special consideration in this case is that … :TzHI   
Besides, we should not neglect that… hZ@Wl6FG;  
However, … L0O},O  
But the problem is not so simple, … 8_@#5  
Therefore… +iYy^oXxw  
But it is a pity that… i-4pdK u  
On the other hand, … 4^mpQ.]lO  
I do not believe that… HO(9
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Perhaps you’ll ask why… 8}kY^"*&X  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… A<zSh}eh6  
Though we are in basic agreement with … EJrn4QOs  
The trouble seems that… ?lYi![.o  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… c`(]j w  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… '8 ~E  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： L-lDvc?5c  
In a word, … jJF(*D  
In sum, … )J"Lne*"  
In conclusion, … _f8<t=R  
From this point of view, … "=uphBZog  
On account of this we can find that … a0oM KGW:  
The result is dependent on … \)?[1b&[_  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… &?=UP4[oif  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… ?>V4pgGCE  
　　2.句子连接 ]$'w8<D>t,  
　　(1)“启” bt/u ^E  
in the first place at present 8pfQAzl  
currently it goes without saying that h9,ui^#d$  
lately first (q!tI*}  
first of all now !'()QtvC<  
presently firstly q1Vh]d  
generally recently -o\r]24  
in the beginning to begin with VemgG)\  
to start with in general 1)8;9 Ba:  
　　(2)“承” h[SuuW  
after a few days after a while cCd2f>EHw  
also at any arte F
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at the same time besides d`U{-?N>  
by this time certainly .R/`Y)4  
consequently for example }%B^Vl%ZZ  
for instance for this purpose F)mlCGv:R  
from now on furthermore iol.RszlZ|  
in addition in addition to… oe$Y= `  
in fact in other words Nb2]}; O  
in particular in the same manner 8'Eu6H&$G  
incidentally indeed _VFxzM9f  
meanwhile moreover V&x6ru#  
no doubt obviously "pb,|U
 
of course particularly V#:`:-$$+  
second secondly '"{ IV  
similarly so N-fGc?E  
soon still Y4]USU!PA  
then third \K+LKa)  
thirdly truly v%|^\A"V  
unlike… what is more `}/&}Sp  
　　(3)“转” FWNO/)~t  
after all all the same #M;Cw}pW  
anyway at the same time T!.6@g`x>  
but by this time |cwGc\ES  
conversely despite… -EV_=a8[y  
especially… fortunately './j<2|;U  
however in other words l$$N~FN  
in particular in spite of… .!T]sX_P  
in the same way likewise ?ic7M  
luckily nevertheless Fj<#*2{]B  
no doubt not withstanding … qy1$(3t$  
on the contrary on the other hand PYDf|S7  
otherwise perhaps… KD9Y  
unfortunately unlike… {64od0:T  
whereas… yet hC@oyC(4  
nonetheless as a matter of fact z}v6!u|iZu  
(4)“合” A+d&aE}3V  
above all accordingly f6x}M9xS%  
as a consequence as a result Z)cGe1?q  
as has been noted as I have said ^sxcBG  
at last at length 5/<?Y&x  
by and large briefly NLHF3h=?1p  
by doing so consequently [!
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eventually finally sqw^Hwy=!2  
hence in brief @Y":DHF5q  
in conclusion in short (rV#EA+6[`  
on the whole therefore Bi?+e~R  
thus to speak frankly Op^r}7
 
to sum up to summarize 1AoYG_  
indeed surely B.nq3;Y  
to conclude obviously m'&^\7;D  
certainly truly &Pu}"M$[MH  
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常用句型 NMYkEz(&R  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 ^W
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1. In general, I don’t agree with dZ'hTzw~  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. O4xV "\  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 6A$ \I44  
4.There is no true that… cX'&J_T+  
5. It is not true that… QF  2Eg  
6. It can be easily denied than… o)<c1\q  
7. We have no reason to believe that… o'S&YD  
8. What is more serious is that… V<f76U)  
9. But it is pity that… (~t/8!7N  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… yeQ6\yi  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… 'Dl31w%:  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Zr`pOUk!4  
13. Perhaps I was question why… qF!oP  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… r@;n \  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but fbaQXM  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… F)x^AJie  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… Ic_>[E?k  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… zX+NhT TB  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… Z>GqLq\`ed  
20. What these people fail to consider is that…  f,utA3[  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … U2 0@B`<  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. E:,V{&tLK  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 8RS=Xemds  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. V@6,\1#`|  
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用于描写图表和数据 Hk)IV"[R  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. |y+<|
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2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. -X#Zn>#  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. L[4Su;D  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 1p#O(o  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. |q&&"SpA  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. >cm*_26;I  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. `Oxo@G*@}W  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. s?h=%;T[  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. Z]H
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10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. k)+2+hX&>  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… +k=BD s  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 6wk/IJ`  
1.Everybody knows that… [UqJ3@>  
2.It can be easily proved that… O
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3. It is true that… y%* hHnGd  
4. No one can deny that {%Mt-Gm'd  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 6$#p}nE  
6. The chief reason is that… "YY6_qQR'  
7. We must recognize that… EA@p]+P  
8. There is on doubt that… 5#Z>}@/  
9. I am of the opinion that… rkw^RW^  
10. This can be expressed as follows; [ 0?*J<d  
11. To take …for an example… #=~n>qn]  
12. We have reason to believe that =pQ'wx|>|  
13. Now that we know that… #SNwSx&
 
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… ~j}7Fre  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that <[7 bUB  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… rGPFPsMQ]  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… bUR;d78  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… ;MD6iBD  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… RweK<Flo'S  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… .c#G0t<i[  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… oA_T9uh[  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… %bs6Uy5g)a  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… 1: cD\  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. 85$W\d  
|7 .WP;1  
用于文章的开头 >Q159
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1. As the proverb says… Z_Tu* F  
2. It goes without saying tan… !'E{D`A9  
3. Generally speaking… aTJs.y-I~  
4. It is quite clear than because… Knd2s~S  
5. It is often said that … (`z
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ni  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” }jF67c->  
7. More and more people have come to realize… 37j-FLbW  
8. There is no doubt that… 3zV{cm0  
9. Some people believe that… N~<H`  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? @@&([f  
11. One great man said that… G}MJWf Hl  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. '"#W!p  
13. In the past several years there has been… IaDN[:SX  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… h]|E,!H  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… HY (|31  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… )0RznFJ+X  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … Q/JX8<7K  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. ,!m][  
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用于文章的结尾 -+ #QZ7b  
1. from this point of view… ;ALkeUR[  
2. in a word… F;I %9-R  
3. in conclusion… g;|3 n&  
4. on account of this we can find that… Iuh1tcc  
5. the result is dependent on… h x_,>\@  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: `V(zz  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… Rn"Raq7Cn*  
8. to sum up … .BaU}-5  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… 9_~[  
10. It is obvious that… "r:i  
11. There is little doubt that… u{Z 4M3U  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful )#NT*@j`  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. mJj [f8  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… F4Jc7k2  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… zvzS$Gpe  
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用于论证和说明 6}Iu~|5  
1. As it is described that… o$S/EZ  
2. It has been illustrated that… X=sC8Edx  
3. It provides a good example of… -uE2h[X|  
4. We may cite another instance of… LjE@[@d  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… uQ}0hs  
6. A number of further facts may be added… :^G;`T`L  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. lur$?_gt  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… hI&ugdf  
9. According to the statistics provided … k|O?
qE1hP  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… 0n'~wz"wB  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… W(C\lSE0  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… Lq-Di|6q  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… -zzM!1@F  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… cz2guUu  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… aMUy^
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16. All the facts suggest that… %lr<;   
17. No one can deny the fact that… yq?7!X  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… Hy?+p{{G  
#[4MwM3  
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