医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 XhHel|!g:  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） 1 ]D/3!  
记分标准如下： a2(D!_dZR  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 9^#zxmH)  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 (`q6G d  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 !0!P.Q8>&  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 <wd4^Vr!2  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 ?9wFV
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　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 Qwp\)jVi  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： ]noP  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； onWYT}c{  
　　2） 语法基本正确； +[X.-,yW  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； |2t7G9[n  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； A9fjMnw  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 wM2)KM}$  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 A
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7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 I9Edw]  
考生出现的问题 t9$AvE#a!=  
不会审题 *1I D`o  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 @> +^<  
用词搭配不当。 Hd=D#u=A4{  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 Mi%1+  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 k?|F0e_  
Our English class often told stories. 6/V{>MTZg  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. ^%4( %68  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 =JySY@
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People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. om*tdG  
语法错误。 Jq?^8y  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 sGDrMAQt  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； 1Hk<_no5  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 A Eyr_!G,  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 =aCIaL&9Y  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 v%l|S{>(  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 3MBz  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： ru6HnLhL  
It is often said that… G7kFo6Cb  
Generally speaking… {7M4SC@p|  
As the proverb says… 31o7R &v  
It goes without saying that… 9>$%F;JP44  
It is clear/obvious that… 9(FcA5Y  
Mary people often ask … CDTk  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： B"E(Y M  
It is true that… 1WA""yb  
Everybody knows that… t&Y^W <  
It can be easily proved that… H@&"M%  
No one can deny that… a\.OL}"   
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… !f]3Riw-=,  
The chief reason why …is that … .*wjkirF#~  
We must recognize that… Rp@}9qijb  
There is no doubt that… N(({2'Rr  
I am of the opinion that… |#khw H  
This can expressed as follows… ~pBxFA  
To take…for an example (instance) … k^%TJ.y@  
Therefore we should realize that … G
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We have reason to believe that… C`1\$U~%  
We know that… 4#Nd;gM2  
What is more serious is that… cF<DUr)Ve  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ()IgSj?,  
Another special consideration in this case is that … f.xSr!  
Besides, we should not neglect that… ABYW1K=  
However, … 9
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But the problem is not so simple, … Z(`K6`KM  
Therefore… w7ABnX  
But it is a pity that… l=OC?d*m  
On the other hand, … "@<g'T0  
I do not believe that… [~r$US  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… <h>fip3o  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… /SM#hwFxJ&  
Though we are in basic agreement with … vH:+  
The trouble seems that… M(f*hOG{Y  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… )t 7HioQ  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… :95_W/l  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： "%iR-s_>  
In a word, … C4d1*IQk  
In sum, … +( 7vmC.  
In conclusion, … ]tV{#iIJ*  
From this point of view, … CMf~Yv  
On account of this we can find that … :z5Ibas:  
The result is dependent on … ]V7hl#VO  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… hzVr3;3Zn  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… F>{uB!!L4  
　　2.句子连接 d~s-;T  
　　(1)“启” jtCob'n8  
in the first place at present RR
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currently it goes without saying that "tbBbEj?d  
lately first Wl"fh_  
first of all now ;Awzm )Q  
presently firstly c'4 \F9  
generally recently NWcF9z%@  
in the beginning to begin with 3Sb%
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to start with in general 7[,f;zG  
　　(2)“承” Q 7?4GxMj  
after a few days after a while RozsRt;i  
also at any arte +
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at the same time besides Kn]WXc|("  
by this time certainly X> KsbOZ  
consequently for example }jXUd=.Nu  
for instance for this purpose Z ISd0hV  
from now on furthermore ;#Nci%<J\  
in addition in addition to… &wvv5Vd  
in fact in other words w/@%x
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in particular in the same manner tt91)^GdYa  
incidentally indeed mcracj[B  
meanwhile moreover m]vr|:{6/  
no doubt obviously IT"jtV  
of course particularly HyMb-Us  
second secondly y%AJ>@/;  
similarly so j_g9RmZT  
soon still (x!bZ,fu  
then third n40Z  
thirdly truly  O@$i
 
unlike… what is more &kE|~i:=,9  
　　(3)“转” :-8u*5QK]`  
after all all the same pq`MO .R  
anyway at the same time aV.<<OS   
but by this time c eX*|B@=  
conversely despite… AJ}Q,E  
especially… fortunately tIw4
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however in other words bHNaaif}P  
in particular in spite of… UYUdIIoL  
in the same way likewise 3@JwL {C  
luckily nevertheless Q[^d{e*l  
no doubt not withstanding … ;'kH<Iq  
on the contrary on the other hand R!ij CF\  
otherwise perhaps… FS0SGBo  
unfortunately unlike… ~Gza$ K  
whereas… yet B'yrXa|P  
nonetheless as a matter of fact 5Ml}m  
(4)“合” Q]C1m<x  
above all accordingly $I%]jAh6  
as a consequence as a result YDJc
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as has been noted as I have said tee%E=P  
at last at length &H6Fkza;4  
by and large briefly :1Ay_b_J  
by doing so consequently 9b>a<Z  
eventually finally Wk?XlCj  
hence in brief
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in conclusion in short #+$z`C`  
on the whole therefore d?JVB  
thus to speak frankly {.AFg/Z  
to sum up to summarize ,fbO}  
indeed surely BTB,a$P/  
to conclude obviously rz(DZ V  
certainly truly !Qy3fs  
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常用句型 }0I! n@  
LYT0 XB)A  
用于反驳性和比较性论文 SRMy#j-  
1. In general, I don’t agree with O1QHG'00  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. Z"A:^jZ<s  
3. The chief reason why… is that… NGNn_1  
4.There is no true that… lw7wvZD  
5. It is not true that… vg<_U&N=-r  
6. It can be easily denied than… u VB&DE  
7. We have no reason to believe that… % nR:Rc!  
8. What is more serious is that… Zu!3RN[lp?  
9. But it is pity that… M C>{I3  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… W /IyF){  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… r3|vu"Uei  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… |(Sqd;#v  
13. Perhaps I was question why… >t.I,Zn  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… kj>XKZL10  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but qr:[y  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… w(VH>t  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… y2)~ljR  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… T2k5\r8  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… t1xX B^.M{  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… =*t)@bn  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … O -@7n0  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. xHHG| u  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. ?'^xO:  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ! @|"84  
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用于描写图表和数据 :0r@o:H  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. IU&n!5d$)|  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. .7{,u1N'  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. hCM+=]z"  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. -G
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5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. ZfoI7<?33  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. [Qr#JJ  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%.  T=9+  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. k]w;(<  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 8KN0z<  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. V4iN 2  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… kk& ([xqU  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 Iy'a2@   
1.Everybody knows that… Sw%^&*J  
2.It can be easily proved that… +uLl3(ml  
3. It is true that… PIl:z?q({  
4. No one can deny that ?`lIsd  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… qJj"WU5  
6. The chief reason is that… 2XNO*zbve  
7. We must recognize that… G*JasHFs  
8. There is on doubt that… BRyrdt*_e  
9. I am of the opinion that… _ 5nLrn,~  
10. This can be expressed as follows; 7a\at)q/y  
11. To take …for an example… bW-9YXj%  
12. We have reason to believe that 4zzJ5,S1  
13. Now that we know that… 8Q4yllv4  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… lf-1;6nyk"  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that [3o^06V8j  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… v)1@Ew=Y%  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… fAYp\k  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… L.X"wIs^  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… SI\ O>a9{  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… *5m4j=-  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… rU/8R'S  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… w]1Ltq*g/  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… %1h%#/ #[  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. x`n7D  
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用于文章的开头 e>J.r("f  
1. As the proverb says… &uP,w#  
2. It goes without saying tan… pd^"MG  
3. Generally speaking… mM(Z8PA9-  
4. It is quite clear than because… n~_;tO  
5. It is often said that … $/J4?Wik  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” ^J~5k,7jX  
7. More and more people have come to realize… xlIVLv6dO  
8. There is no doubt that… D4Z7j\3a
 
9. Some people believe that… 9KCeKT>v  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? s'B$/qCkR  
11. One great man said that… uxx(WS  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. fD3>g{  
13. In the past several years there has been… o#u hPUZ
 
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… bUU\bc  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… .C|dGE?,  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… 6qR5A+|;  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … aOhi<I`*  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. Sc14F Fs  
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用于文章的结尾 o)WzZ,\F^J  
1. from this point of view… gY {/)"
 
2. in a word… }Jo}K)>!  
3. in conclusion… "M}3T?0 O  
4. on account of this we can find that… R+# g_"1@p  
5. the result is dependent on… BD2Gv)?g  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: woUt*G@  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… *RD<*l  
8. to sum up … ~Dbu;cqR@  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… m`&6[[)6~  
10. It is obvious that… mXT{c=N)w  
11. There is little doubt that… a(_3271  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful ,a3M*}Y~3  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. W~& QcSWqD  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… >p29|TFbV  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… :DJLkMP  
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用于论证和说明 T5eJIc3a"  
1. As it is described that… Y z],["*Q  
2. It has been illustrated that… chur(@Af  
3. It provides a good example of… f
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4. We may cite another instance of… yK>s]65&  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… u vyvy  
6. A number of further facts may be added… :+<GJj_d+  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. DfZ)gqp/Av  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… T^@P.zX  
9. According to the statistics provided … iza.' Mm~  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… &ER,;^H`6  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… e0g>.P@6  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… r5Xi2!   
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… # {~3bgY  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that…  WYW@%t  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… w/wU~~  
16. All the facts suggest that… O7xBMq Mf  
17. No one can deny the fact that… "uU[I,h  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… l)qGG$7$  
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