医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 EJ&aT etQ  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） n9p_D  
记分标准如下： =}h8Cl{H/  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 U|2*.''+Q
 
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 yCt,-mz!z  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 RqnT*  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 <.6bni )  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 eq<giHJM  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 >^\}"dEvr  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： @2HNYW)  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； s'Op|`&X  
　　2） 语法基本正确； %8N=4vTJ  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； PX%Y$`  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； q)Uh_l.Cj  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 @jvF[wi;  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 N4z(2.  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 -N4km5  
考生出现的问题 K$K 6,54y  
不会审题 e jID5NqG  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 4PVkKP'/   
用词搭配不当。 fQ@k$W\  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 K.{: H4_  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 Q:/BC= ~  
Our English class often told stories. E$w2SQ  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class.  b}eBy  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 R"0fZENTG  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. V6.w=6:`X  
语法错误。 'aFjyY?%  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 P%-@AmO^_  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； qxR7;/@j)  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 LZ"yMnhOf  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ? uq7K"B  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 BWd{xP y  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 l_Ffbs_6t  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： ^3qo%=i  
It is often said that… w,'"2^Cwy  
Generally speaking… @7C?]/8#  
As the proverb says… D m|_;iO,  
It goes without saying that… H,F/u&O  
It is clear/obvious that… _ B5t)7I  
Mary people often ask … 2`-yzm  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 2I2#o9(Ar  
It is true that… \;b) qB  
Everybody knows that… NVTNjDF%s  
It can be easily proved that… (Nky?*  
No one can deny that… '_~X(izc  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… s?.A $^t  
The chief reason why …is that … E%f;Z7G  
We must recognize that… }WN0L?h.E  
There is no doubt that… 1D,$Az~.  
I am of the opinion that… =-ky%3:`@  
This can expressed as follows… &*I\~;1  
To take…for an example (instance) …
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Therefore we should realize that … yAu-BObD  
We have reason to believe that… a:PS}_.  
We know that… *3yeMxa  
What is more serious is that… YHVJg?H3  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： v;E7UL .w  
Another special consideration in this case is that … .b4_O CGg  
Besides, we should not neglect that… cT8`l!RD<  
However, … 58H[sM4>  
But the problem is not so simple, … dQ=mg#(  
Therefore… )`RF2Y-A7  
But it is a pity that… x?J- {6k  
On the other hand, … rh*Pl]'3z  
I do not believe that… r( _9_%[  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… w_po5[]R  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… " _qH+=_R  
Though we are in basic agreement with … >EFjyhVE  
The trouble seems that… Z!TLWX"  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… `}1IQ.3  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… zcGeXX}V?  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： n*6b*fl  
In a word, … =`5Xx(  
In sum, … 6(4FC?Y7  
In conclusion, … L]L-000D(  
From this point of view, … t\nYUL-H  
On account of this we can find that … 'AN3
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The result is dependent on … _tZT  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… WjxOM\?#  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… A-\OB Nh  
　　2.句子连接 &g R+D  
　　(1)“启” Bk&ry)`gD  
in the first place at present 9L;fT5Tp7  
currently it goes without saying that WpE\N0Yg  
lately first PSz| I8 c  
first of all now l
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presently firstly A+
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generally recently VSa\X~  
in the beginning to begin with )%lPa|7s  
to start with in general [k-Q89  
　　(2)“承” }p 0\  
after a few days after a while d 6 t#4!  
also at any arte fB+4mEG@  
at the same time besides Zq7Y('=`t@  
by this time certainly >ENZ['F  
consequently for example 33dHTV  
for instance for this purpose +6tj w 6  
from now on furthermore -0rc4<};h  
in addition in addition to… 9<BC6M_/  
in fact in other words o NX-vN-  
in particular in the same manner j4h6p(w{  
incidentally indeed
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meanwhile moreover C;]}Ht:~I  
no doubt obviously UXpF$=  
of course particularly Aw#@}TGT  
second secondly /dGpac  
similarly so `5da  
soon still FFC"rG  
then third #R^^XG`1  
thirdly truly o USv)G.zb  
unlike… what is more 3+:F2sjt  
　　(3)“转” _m0B6?KJ  
after all all the same NgI n\) =0  
anyway at the same time (AIgW  
but by this time PCqE9B)l  
conversely despite… 85e!)I_  
especially… fortunately  =&8Cg  
however in other words 1iLr KA  
in particular in spite of… * 'l|ws  
in the same way likewise Sv#S_jh  
luckily nevertheless V'iT>  
no doubt not withstanding … B!j7vXM2  
on the contrary on the other hand EX"o
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otherwise perhaps… OyG#
 
unfortunately unlike… r,8~qHbOT  
whereas… yet u%24% Q  
nonetheless as a matter of fact d_] sV4[  
(4)“合” bmP2n D6  
above all accordingly e8,!x9%J  
as a consequence as a result ; 8B)J<y  
as has been noted as I have said s2kom)  
at last at length GNX`~%3KYc  
by and large briefly =yCz!vc  
by doing so consequently 8#h~J>u.  
eventually finally 8{B]_: -:  
hence in brief T`W37fz0  
in conclusion in short \N
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on the whole therefore aB^`3J  
thus to speak frankly 79d<,q;uR  
to sum up to summarize j`l'Mg  
indeed surely Mh"vH0\Lj  
to conclude obviously ["BD,mB  
certainly truly |_u|Td(n  
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常用句型 VpyqVbx1  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 |0$7{nQ  
1. In general, I don’t agree with /7&WFCc)(  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. !f01.Tq8  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 2B[I- K s  
4.There is no true that… r68d\N`.  
5. It is not true that… O`TM}  
6. It can be easily denied than… WVdF/H  
7. We have no reason to believe that… .9$ 7 +  
8. What is more serious is that… UE 1tm  
9. But it is pity that… KA{JSi  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… b>'y[P!  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… ^-g-]?q  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… S&{#sl#e  
13. Perhaps I was question why… VskdC?yIp  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… |`Q2K9'4bL  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but jPmp=qg"q  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… NflRNu:-  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… }HxC~J"  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… O=\`q6l  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… Xo ,U$zE  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… U@"f(YL+"  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … UY/qI%#L#,  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. fea4Ul{ib  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. f_;6uCCO  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. gF~#M1!!  
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用于描写图表和数据 ;[!W*8.c  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. (T1d!v"~"  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. !"s~dL,7  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. \>)#cEX5  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. Z l
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5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. v|GDPq  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. C0[Z>$  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. +|6 u 0&R^  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 1Gh3o}z  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. dobqYd
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10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. u8Oo@xf0Fr  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… _aK4[*jnqh  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 C252E  
1.Everybody knows that… ">!<OB  
2.It can be easily proved that… 5<mGG;F  
3. It is true that… #({ 9M  
4. No one can deny that @Xl/<S&  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ?b3({ P  
6. The chief reason is that… G ,?l o=m  
7. We must recognize that… al{}p  
8. There is on doubt that… }e4#Mx  
9. I am of the opinion that… {B)-+0 6  
10. This can be expressed as follows; ;ep@ )Y  
11. To take …for an example… g"|Z1iy|9  
12. We have reason to believe that
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13. Now that we know that… t7qzAr  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… t+%tN^87:
 
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that c
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16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… )R5=GHmL  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… Ry4`Q$=:  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… m5\/7 VC  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… 0="U'|J_  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… >do3*koA  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… s7G!4en  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… Hsvu&>[`S  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… n|Smy\0  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. fd/?x^Z  
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用于文章的开头 j/*4Wj[  
1. As the proverb says… HVkq{W|w  
2. It goes without saying tan… mCQn '{)  
3. Generally speaking… Q~S 3d  
4. It is quite clear than because… N\Li/  
5. It is often said that … aH+n]J] =)  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” ``9`Xq
  
7. More and more people have come to realize… {c\KiWN  
8. There is no doubt that… BkcA_a:W  
9. Some people believe that… />
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10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 'H.,S_v1x  
11. One great man said that… vhot-rBN  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. +Oa+G.;)o4  
13. In the past several years there has been… /C"?Y'  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… B`1"4[{  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… dxAP7 v  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… %}x$YDO  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … B9(e"cMm  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. wjnQK  
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用于文章的结尾 7m+d;x2  
1. from this point of view… }8,[B50  
2. in a word… Y]-7T-*+t  
3. in conclusion… Se> "=[=  
4. on account of this we can find that… $Z!7@_Ys  
5. the result is dependent on… ^KO=8m( )J  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: ~!A*@aC  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… '"QN{ja  
8. to sum up … }W)c-91   
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… h%yw'?s  
10. It is obvious that… +#IsRiH%>  
11. There is little doubt that… c
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12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful 7UzbS,$x  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. "spAYk
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14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… p[Yja y+  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… _xVtB1@kLM  
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用于论证和说明 ]l.qp5eQ  
1. As it is described that… u_~*)w+mS@  
2. It has been illustrated that… M]JD(  
3. It provides a good example of… ci~pM<+  
4. We may cite another instance of… 2G9sKg,kL  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… Vs0T*4C=
n  
6. A number of further facts may be added… |re>YQ!zd  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. /y.+N`_  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… Eoo[)V#x{  
9. According to the statistics provided … I
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10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… #ARQ
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11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… x?unE@?\S  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… p[zKc2TPk  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… E>} (r%B  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 2zz7/]?Q   
15. The idea may be proved by facts… scsN2#D7U/  
16. All the facts suggest that… jBO/1h=  
17. No one can deny the fact that… 2qF ?
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18. We may face the undeniable fact that… %%dQIlF  
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