医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 ^6 \@$  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） > ;~ia3  
记分标准如下： {$v>3FG  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 ;i&t|5y~  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 gOkum_  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 Zu/1:8x  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 5>rjL;  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 EP8R[Q0_"  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 Ej'N!d.  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： pY (S]i  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； # ;<dtw  
　　2） 语法基本正确； 42wZy|oqp  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； QE`u~  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； 6?= ^8  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 4_o+gG%HaM  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 zc!q a"4yM  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 >;k~B  
考生出现的问题 N-}|!pqb  
不会审题 i&JI"Dd7  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 D~@lpcI  
用词搭配不当。 l#|M.V6G  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 [P%'p-Hg_  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 \$2zF8  
Our English class often told stories. x!A5j $k0  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. #, rP1#?  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 !&Us^ Q^  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. TX
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语法错误。  QHe:  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 CpC6vA.R  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； k:CSH{s5{  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 ^tl&FWF  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 jx8hh}C  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 1DM$FG_Z-  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 mcSZ1d~,(  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： &A
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It is often said that… zl["}I(*n  
Generally speaking… 6>-Gi  
As the proverb says… x DX_s:A  
It goes without saying that… mW @Z1Plxs  
It is clear/obvious that… 2%t!3F:  
Mary people often ask … e}q!m(K]e-  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： WvHy}1W  
It is true that…
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Everybody knows that… DP4l %2m0  
It can be easily proved that… iuWw(dJk  
No one can deny that… }7/Ob)O  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… gj1l9>f>]a  
The chief reason why …is that … D[CEg2$y  
We must recognize that… Gm'Ch}E  
There is no doubt that… \}NZ]l  
I am of the opinion that… `jH0FJQ  
This can expressed as follows… ?[S{kMb2  
To take…for an example (instance) … g;<_GL  
Therefore we should realize that … Ov8{ny  
We have reason to believe that… zd#/zUPI  
We know that… HH,G3~EBF  
What is more serious is that… {t&+abY
 
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： WJ(E3bb  
Another special consideration in this case is that … ?u
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Besides, we should not neglect that… j8#B  
However, … NuKx{y}P  
But the problem is not so simple, … OPwO`pN  
Therefore… LjA>H>8%[  
But it is a pity that… -YP>mwSN?  
On the other hand, … h`$2/%?  
I do not believe that… R^F\2yth-  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… ;yK:.Vg  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… Gn%gSH/  
Though we are in basic agreement with … !t92_y3  
The trouble seems that… Ws(#ThA  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… S[W|=(f9  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… _jCjq   
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： 7lz"^  
In a word, … xlWT
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In sum, … l+1GA0'JP  
In conclusion, … d^.fB+)A3  
From this point of view, … "|l-NUe  
On account of this we can find that … 5=--+8[ bV  
The result is dependent on … .5x+FHu7  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… v/yt C/WH"  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… p4O
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　　2.句子连接 zbDM+;  
　　(1)“启” Dj9).lgc  
in the first place at present gnp\z/'>  
currently it goes without saying that cSSrMYX2  
lately first *.DTcV  
first of all now 0FV?By  
presently firstly -a[]#v9  
generally recently WwF4`kxT
 
in the beginning to begin with ?][2J
 
to start with in general 6*<=(SQI  
　　(2)“承” |[VtYV _{  
after a few days after a while [J|)DU
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also at any arte 'MHbXFM  
at the same time besides w8Mi:;6  
by this time certainly #D$vH  
consequently for example })R8VJ&C/  
for instance for this purpose 0NB6S&lI^k  
from now on furthermore S3=M k~_&  
in addition in addition to… !ACWv*pW  
in fact in other words l0 H,TT~2  
in particular in the same manner _|S>,D'  
incidentally indeed /]Fs3 uf  
meanwhile moreover an 3"y6.8  
no doubt obviously N;A#3Ter  
of course particularly &rX..l  
second secondly Oph4&Ip[w  
similarly so zn T85#]\@  
soon still .F0V  
then third 2roPZj  
thirdly truly : 5G3uN+\  
unlike… what is more bh&,*Y6=  
　　(3)“转” M#JOX/  
after all all the same 5#.uA_Fov  
anyway at the same time cWl)ZE<hM  
but by this time }(AUe5aw`G  
conversely despite… CJ_X:Frj)  
especially… fortunately cve(p kl  
however in other words jMUE&/k  
in particular in spite of… 2#LcL  
in the same way likewise I]>-~_  
luckily nevertheless Dn _D6H  
no doubt not withstanding … Z9ciS";L  
on the contrary on the other hand p8
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otherwise perhaps… 6g!#"=ls;  
unfortunately unlike… 6)P~3C'  
whereas… yet MC/$:PV  
nonetheless as a matter of fact N{`-&8q;K  
(4)“合” kf0zL3|  
above all accordingly r!yrPwKL  
as a consequence as a result 3S:}fPR  
as has been noted as I have said q|om^:n.  
at last at length WUAjb,eo  
by and large briefly m~r^@D  
by doing so consequently ExI?UGT  
eventually finally jgYUS@}  
hence in brief WDKj)f9cy  
in conclusion in short J$&!Y[0  
on the whole therefore hT^6Ifm  
thus to speak frankly p{!aRB%   
to sum up to summarize R+gh 2 6e  
indeed surely '/b,3:  
to conclude obviously XYWGX;.=  
certainly truly O~9 %!LAu  
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常用句型 =]\,I'  

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用于反驳性和比较性论文 >AV-i$4eQ@  
1. In general, I don’t agree with k x6%5%  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. %#02Z%?%  
3. The chief reason why… is that… rcq(p(!  
4.There is no true that… ?nB).fc  
5. It is not true that… :Py/d6KK  
6. It can be easily denied than… rgB`<[:b  
7. We have no reason to believe that… Q)C#)|S  
8. What is more serious is that… zbx,qctYo$  
9. But it is pity that… P00d#6hPJ  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… WHvN6  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… t}qoIxy)  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… b,~4O~z  
13. Perhaps I was question why… !?Z}b.%W  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… g/mVd;#o  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but I^[R]Js  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… T}$
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17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… IpoZ6DB$  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… I`t"Na2i  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… >VE,/?71@  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… VDx=Tsu-  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …
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22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. Ol~sCr  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. fR~_5pt7  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ?< #6=  
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用于描写图表和数据 9-Ikd>9  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. gPT-zul  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. pOyM/L   
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. eq<xO28z  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. F8Rd#^9PD  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. %?<C ?.  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. a^~T-;_V  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. RN5\,>+  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. #@;RJJZg  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. ]N*q3y|)  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. -=&
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11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… )xiic3F  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 qy`@\)S/5  
1.Everybody knows that… ^W eE%"  
2.It can be easily proved that… U-QK   
3. It is true that… 6^H64jM  
4. No one can deny that !l?Go<^*L  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… *Y?rls`  
6. The chief reason is that… ] ctUl#j  
7. We must recognize that… X-|`|>3E  
8. There is on doubt that… >)R7*^m{'  
9. I am of the opinion that… /1zi(z   
10. This can be expressed as follows; <ap%+(!I  
11. To take …for an example… 5n"b$hMF  
12. We have reason to believe that "9!ln  
13. Now that we know that… [M65T@v  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned…  \U(qv(T  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that 1&ukKy,[  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… \EuMzb"G9p  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… ]{jdar^
 
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… <.HX_z3l  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… Obgn?TAVX  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… gXZC%S  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… mY*JNx  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… \HF|&@}hU  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… =3$JeNK9  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. }dQW-U  
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用于文章的开头 S@*
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1. As the proverb says… u|&"l  
2. It goes without saying tan… vnwS&;-k~  
3. Generally speaking… LG0+A}E=C  
4. It is quite clear than because… {&nL'R  
5. It is often said that … -L%tiz`_  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” f40xS7-Q0  
7. More and more people have come to realize… '=C)Hj[D  
8. There is no doubt that… %MGbIMpY  
9. Some people believe that… 8MqKS}\H  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 70hm9b-   
11. One great man said that… V<:scLm#OF  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. ,'w9@A  
13. In the past several years there has been… V_+XZ+7Lx}  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… V|9<*  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… kEiWE|  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… hDBVL"  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 4+46z|  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. $p? gai{o  
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用于文章的结尾 K@d,8 [  
1. from this point of view… ~Y;_vU  
2. in a word… QE8;Jk-  
3. in conclusion… 0P)"_x_  
4. on account of this we can find that… >Z%qkU/  
5. the result is dependent on… &IYSoA"Nz  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: MYI*0o
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7. thus, this is the reason why we must… +2Xq +P  
8. to sum up … RC{|:@]8  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… j\SvfZ0"  
10. It is obvious that… oW7\T!f  
11. There is little doubt that… ?VM4_dugf  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful gxa@da  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. a[).'$S}'  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… ZV,1IaO  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… zn Vao %b  
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用于论证和说明 /U1&#"P  
1. As it is described that… $)(K7> P  
2. It has been illustrated that… A08b=S  
3. It provides a good example of… {Kdr-aC  
4. We may cite another instance of… Wa{()Cz  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… gJkvH[hDY  
6. A number of further facts may be added… %BV2 q  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. W'0(0;+G/j  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… 6e%|.}U  
9. According to the statistics provided … e1d);m$  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… u=
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11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… M?yWFqFt9m  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… ga#Yd}G^~3  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… ?M02|8-  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… xQKD1#y  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… _jhdqON6E  
16. All the facts suggest that… T@. $Zpz  
17. No one can deny the fact that… "-tTN  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… Xy;!Q`h(  
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