医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 )+?HI^-[S  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） j13riI3A  
记分标准如下： 'X54dXS?l  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 gNTh% e  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 +1x)z~q=  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 4X*Q6rW  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 O'OFz}x),  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 M</Wd{.g"  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 ZlrhC= 0  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： wsqLXZI  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； X3AwM%,!  
　　2） 语法基本正确； <z',]hy  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； VxkEez'|  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； ly[lrD0Kn.  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 4Ppop  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 O)`Gzx*ShU  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 .ots?Ns  
考生出现的问题 z#RuwB+  
不会审题 /w0w*nH  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 pUGN!3
 
用词搭配不当。 J B(<.E2  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 1)'Iu`k/  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 Wa<-AZn
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Our English class often told stories. 2Y$  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. Iqx 84  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 I )5<DZB9  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. &1l~&,,  
语法错误。 jI A#!4  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 a(f(R&-:$Y  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； EWO /u.z  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 :xtT )w  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。
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　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 FllX za)  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 5x2L(l-2  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： DLXL!-)z  
It is often said that… f7 wmw2  
Generally speaking… bOb Nc  
As the proverb says… p(?g-
  
It goes without saying that… LZa % x  
It is clear/obvious that… c;^A)_/  
Mary people often ask … GL`tOD:P"  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ,\x
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It is true that… X|'2R^V.  
Everybody knows that… Mt=R*M}D0  
It can be easily proved that… #Z0-8<\  
No one can deny that… YD9!=a$  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… fM2^MUp[=1  
The chief reason why …is that … YXRjx.srf  
We must recognize that… tgB=vIw?3  
There is no doubt that…
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I am of the opinion that… h$/JGm5uDb  
This can expressed as follows… Yt*vqm[WV  
To take…for an example (instance) … N%u  
Therefore we should realize that … . pP7"E4]  
We have reason to believe that… L;lk.~V4T  
We know that… _r5wF(Y?7  
What is more serious is that… .1{l[[= W  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： )qd={  
Another special consideration in this case is that … EBwK 7c  
Besides, we should not neglect that… '$6PTa  
However, … ]5)"gL%H`  
But the problem is not so simple, … cmIT$?J  
Therefore… }^9pa U  
But it is a pity that… HzEGq,.  
On the other hand, … )#PtV~64  
I do not believe that… -=sf}4A  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… y@aKNWy}$  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 0Az/fzJlz  
Though we are in basic agreement with …
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The trouble seems that… Kr]W o8dWy  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 5{>>,pP&  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… C=yD3mVz  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： ~QCA -Yud  
In a word, … q<EEb  
In sum, … om>VQ3  
In conclusion, … Wp`C:H  
From this point of view, … ~b#OFnyG  
On account of this we can find that … xl9(ze  
The result is dependent on … 1OP"5f  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… UO1$UF! QC  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… k,lqT>C  
　　2.句子连接 4&]%e6,jH  
　　(1)“启” Pa
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in the first place at present 7IQqN&J  
currently it goes without saying that )WmZP3$^TX  
lately first v4C3uNW  
first of all now 9?(x>P  
presently firstly
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generally recently #w;;D7{@m  
in the beginning to begin with "vsjen.K>  
to start with in general *#6|!%?g  
　　(2)“承” {zu/tCq?  
after a few days after a while ey*,StT5a  
also at any arte Zikm?(J  
at the same time besides 61kO1,Uz*  
by this time certainly O'fc/cvh='  
consequently for example ^(J-dK  
for instance for this purpose "raj>2@  
from now on furthermore >pnz_MQ  
in addition in addition to… [d\#[l_  
in fact in other words OoSa95#x  
in particular in the same manner =^by0E2  
incidentally indeed %![4d;Z%x  
meanwhile moreover ?o@E1:aA  
no doubt obviously <9T [yg  
of course particularly oR77`  
second secondly XGL"
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similarly so N*? WUn9]  
soon still bnIf}ut-G  
then third gl Li  
thirdly truly  X+\0%|  
unlike… what is more $*g{[&L|6  
　　(3)“转” %uF:)  
after all all the same :K?iNZqWN6  
anyway at the same time hY)YX,f=S  
but by this time dnk1Mu<  
conversely despite… Af$0 o=".  
especially… fortunately 5QNBB|X@  
however in other words 8}]l9"q(  
in particular in spite of… CRP
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in the same way likewise @b4b{d5[  
luckily nevertheless [qq`cT@  
no doubt not withstanding … u)wu=z8  
on the contrary on the other hand 1i ?gvzrq  
otherwise perhaps… 3~#ZE;>#  
unfortunately unlike… "~B~{ _<j  
whereas… yet }Z<D^Z~w  
nonetheless as a matter of fact ]KfghRUH  
(4)“合” 8.6no  
above all accordingly \>&@lA  
as a consequence as a result *)2x&~T*|  
as has been noted as I have said })h'""i&xn  
at last at length 7]R6  
by and large briefly
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by doing so consequently /r#b   
eventually finally .N'%hh  
hence in brief ^R&_}bp  
in conclusion in short :..E:HdYO  
on the whole therefore UtHmM,*I  
thus to speak frankly 3 LZL!^ 5N  
to sum up to summarize QH~8 aE_i  
indeed surely VuYWb)@  
to conclude obviously oi%5t)VsS  
certainly truly \{Ox@   
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常用句型 ?(|TP^  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 Gx~"iM  
1. In general, I don’t agree with S|
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2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. ~]m@k'n  
3. The chief reason why… is that… +w_MSj#P  
4.There is no true that… :c+a-Py $E  
5. It is not true that… u j+.L6S  
6. It can be easily denied than… wAj(v6  
7. We have no reason to believe that… j|VlHDqR  
8. What is more serious is that… ,&O:/|c E  
9. But it is pity that… ]ZU:%Qhu  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 4IGQ,RTB  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… \|b1s @c8  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… }y-AoG  
13. Perhaps I was question why… l yLK$B?/  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… ~$TE  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but zN729wK  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… w$<fSe7  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… Q BBJ1U  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… 6m;wO r  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… DlQ[}5STF  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 6r-<XNv)0  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … UU:QK{{E  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. -$!Pf$l@  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. A)`fD %+  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. w1!\L_::Y  
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用于描写图表和数据 .tHv4.ob  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. -^nQ^Td=j  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 0 S`b;f
  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. /EAQ.vxI  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. `'k's]Y  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. _tauhwu  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. "=5vgg3  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. v.8S V
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8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. q'8@ 0FT0  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. ^{]sD}Q"  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. (k HQKQmq  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… %cjGeS6}  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 B[m{2X zGH  
1.Everybody knows that… L5N{ie_  
2.It can be easily proved that… h,jAtL!  
3. It is true that… o4 OEA)k)=  
4. No one can deny that j!8+|eAkk  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ^DCv-R+p  
6. The chief reason is that… )cmLo0`$  
7. We must recognize that… oP`M\KXau  
8. There is on doubt that… L}S4Zz18  
9. I am of the opinion that… )aA9z(x  
10. This can be expressed as follows; \ iE9&3Ie  
11. To take …for an example… Y,Zv0-"  
12. We have reason to believe that fvfVBk#  
13. Now that we know that… U$JIF /MO_  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… N S}`(N  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that I\6<)2j/L  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… \osQwGPV  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… e;u
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18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 1E_Ui1[  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… o-Fle, qf  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 3kQ8*S  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… cZT.vA#  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… |VEAzY|[#  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… *pUV-^uo  
24. Different people observes it in different ways.  FAl6  
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用于文章的开头 iC2n
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1. As the proverb says… G")EE# W$}  
2. It goes without saying tan… ?bDae%>.d,  
3. Generally speaking… !T(Omve)  
4. It is quite clear than because… ;!sGfrs0$  
5. It is often said that … eH*b-H[  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” *%BI*p  
7. More and more people have come to realize… JLn<,Gn)<\  
8. There is no doubt that… ^{bEq\5&  
9. Some people believe that… eakIK+-21y  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? @&yj7-]  
11. One great man said that… X6 :~Rjim*  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. 0 d]G  
13. In the past several years there has been… 6u;(R0n  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… (.+n1)L?  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… ,^C;1ph  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… Rx-i.EtZ  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … X6 cb#s0|  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. 3<V!y&a  
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用于文章的结尾 !WnI`  
1. from this point of view… }`FPe   
2. in a word… ob #XKL  
3. in conclusion… X jN.X  
4. on account of this we can find that… #::vMnT  
5. the result is dependent on… ZW%`G@d"H-  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: D*,H%xA  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… MEUqQ4/Gl  
8. to sum up … ;d40:q<  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… DboqFh#]=h  
10. It is obvious that… [_@OCiV5)  
11. There is little doubt that… a-y5\x  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful pC8i&_A  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. Q2=~  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… -Ma"V  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… ` 454=3H  
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用于论证和说明 m Y0C7i  
1. As it is described that… V 
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2. It has been illustrated that… h@d m:=ul  
3. It provides a good example of… B"v=Fr[  
4. We may cite another instance of… 8 Hn{CJ~'  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… H"l'E9k.&p  
6. A number of further facts may be added… ~T~v*'_h  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. ,}0pK\Y>$  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… (Q+3aEUE  
9. According to the statistics provided … =Wa\yBj_;m  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… *gn*S3Is[j  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… _?ZT[t<  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… 8Yh2K}   
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… f] }F_]  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 9D,&)6  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… E_oe1C:  
16. All the facts suggest that… RAC-;~$WB  
17. No one can deny the fact that… )-@EUN0E>5  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… 5z_)  
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