医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 =T ;>$&qs  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） r!N)pt<g  
记分标准如下： ~s{y h-B  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 WL$nchS9  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 23 j{bK  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 99w;Q 2k  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ++d(}^C;  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 47>IT  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 20750G  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： X]ow5{e  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； >Y=HP&A<  
　　2） 语法基本正确； Pz#D9
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　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； '2mR;APz  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； _i{$5JJ+K2  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 :9un6A9JS  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 }#}IR5`=E  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 B7r={P!0  
考生出现的问题 ],CJSA!5F  
不会审题 sk !92mQ  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 MDn+K#
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用词搭配不当。 rI34K~ P  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 5N "fD{v{  
句子逻辑关系混乱。  ?w6zq|  
Our English class often told stories. k x,9n)  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. V#8]io  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 +p6cG\Gp  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. W/_=S+C vK  
语法错误。 >;V ?s]  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 0"q_c-_Bg  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； 2,,zN-9mt  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 _=W ^#z  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 %qA@)u53  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 sute%6yM  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 L4Ep7=  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： n';"c;Ye)  
It is often said that… <L|eY(:   
Generally speaking… ~5Wr |qg%{  
As the proverb says… Z-(#}(HD  
It goes without saying that… V_Z~$  
It is clear/obvious that… w?_y;&sbR  
Mary people often ask … 0v6(A4Y  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： klHOAb1  
It is true that… v%RcwVt|  
Everybody knows that… v_Om3i9$E  
It can be easily proved that… Mazjn?f  
No one can deny that… RqTW$94RD  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ;)Rvk&J5  
The chief reason why …is that … M7Ej#Y  
We must recognize that… =6j4_+5mnH  
There is no doubt that… <3\t J  
I am of the opinion that… (lv|-Phc.  
This can expressed as follows… v~-z["=}!  
To take…for an example (instance) … C6Qnn@waYb  
Therefore we should realize that … (WT0j  
We have reason to believe that… U" eP>HHp  
We know that… v5"5UPi-  
What is more serious is that… xLht6%o*  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： #;. tVo I  
Another special consideration in this case is that … 1M&n=s _  
Besides, we should not neglect that… _2{i}L  
However, … ?_9cFo59:  
But the problem is not so simple, … 3\eb:-B:@  
Therefore… x#yL&+'?Mj  
But it is a pity that… e9r#r~Qq|  
On the other hand, … IQ$l!)  
I do not believe that… (bH*i\W  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… U(5(0r  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… :w_J/k5Zd  
Though we are in basic agreement with … e"en ma\_  
The trouble seems that… }x% ;y]S  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 1fRYXqx  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… 8EZ"z d`n/  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： l= 5kd.{  
In a word, … w2y{3O"p=  
In sum, … :,<e  
In conclusion, … X~abn7_  
From this point of view, … N3E Qq~lX  
On account of this we can find that … Y}(#kqh>  
The result is dependent on … DV +DJcF  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… (_-<3)q4  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… hBDPz1<  
　　2.句子连接 0+IJ, ;Wx  
　　(1)“启” ' U{?"FP  
in the first place at present YhFB*D;  
currently it goes without saying that S:{hgi,T*  
lately first V_Kpb*3
 
first of all now LoUi Yf  
presently firstly (qHI>3tpY  
generally recently Sai_rNRWB  
in the beginning to begin with HB`u@9le  
to start with in general mzTF2K  
　　(2)“承” \p1H" A  
after a few days after a while qJB9z0a<Ov  
also at any arte \^SL Zhe  
at the same time besides qQ%zSJ?  
by this time certainly F7UY>z3jL  
consequently for example NZYtA7  
for instance for this purpose 7qA);N  
from now on furthermore YFOK%7K  
in addition in addition to… 3WS`,}  
in fact in other words vG#|CO9  
in particular in the same manner hFuS>Hx  
incidentally indeed P (jlWr$$  
meanwhile moreover d6,%P 6  
no doubt obviously kx3H}od]  
of course particularly g"
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second secondly #*#4vMk<  
similarly so |f'U_nE#R/  
soon still bP&o]?dN  
then third 1K^blOLXe  
thirdly truly 8qp!S1Qnv  
unlike… what is more 3lhXD_Y  
　　(3)“转” A2qus$  
after all all the same tc\LK_@$/F  
anyway at the same time 8^&)A b  
but by this time v<_}Br2I[  
conversely despite… ! tv3.:eT  
especially… fortunately n99:2r_  
however in other words jii2gtu'U  
in particular in spite of… >BMJA:j  
in the same way likewise gWqmK/.U.0  
luckily nevertheless >},O_qx  
no doubt not withstanding … 511^f`P<  
on the contrary on the other hand ?,]%V1(@V`  
otherwise perhaps…  Usk@{  
unfortunately unlike… 0aSN8  
whereas… yet TgJx%  
nonetheless as a matter of fact 9 }|Bs=q  
(4)“合” g$ ZgR)q  
above all accordingly 4otB1{  
as a consequence as a result Ec8Y}C,{7<  
as has been noted as I have said 
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at last at length $.R$I&U  
by and large briefly DC]FY|ff  
by doing so consequently (:,N?bg  
eventually finally vpvPRwJ  
hence in brief {(o\G"\<XY  
in conclusion in short ']u w,b  
on the whole therefore f5 wn`a~h  
thus to speak frankly V7N8m<Tf  
to sum up to summarize MM|&B`v@;  
indeed surely c;Hf+n  
to conclude obviously _p?lRU8  
certainly truly _I<eJ\  
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常用句型 |n=m8X  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 <#7}'@  
1. In general, I don’t agree with !R//"{k0?  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. `dMOBYV  
3. The chief reason why… is that… }LM^>M%  
4.There is no true that… uWG'AmK_#E  
5. It is not true that… bo 
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6. It can be easily denied than… P{)&#HXUVb  
7. We have no reason to believe that… W
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8. What is more serious is that…
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9. But it is pity that… rMTtPuc2  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 4_&$isq  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… *=MC+4E  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… {p9y{$  
13. Perhaps I was question why… wQ2'%T|t  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… )qn =  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but C&NoEtL>s  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… \qUmdN{FU  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… TcpD*%wW  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… Zul]ekv  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… [ LL"86D  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… hNyYk(t^  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … nDiD7:e7=  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. &%fy  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. &hB~Z(zS!  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. yHCQY 4/  
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用于描写图表和数据 R|$=Pfg~4  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. M q[;:  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. cw/g1,p  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. UmiW_J B  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times.  q0 `Vw%  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. fT[6Cw5w`  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. ? RB~%^c!  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. MZ=U} &F  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. 9 ?MOeOV8  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. -*e$>w[.N  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. .Z8 x!!Q*  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… miZ
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 dI>)4()  
1.Everybody knows that… 0AJ6g@t[  
2.It can be easily proved that… '[qG ,^f  
3. It is true that… []3xb`<&  
4. No one can deny that c*~/[:}  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 9^v|~f  
6. The chief reason is that… ^yy\CtG  
7. We must recognize that… P:(,l,}F8  
8. There is on doubt that… ~UK) p;|  
9. I am of the opinion that… :Q+rEjw+  
10. This can be expressed as follows; ,EcmMI^A  
11. To take …for an example… L9fhe,en  
12. We have reason to believe that eK/[ jxNO  
13. Now that we know that… Haj`mc!<D0  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… 4mNL;O  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that *N\U{)b\  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… fhMtnh:  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… \{{B57/Isq  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… [g=yuVXNZZ  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… tq<7BO<6  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… n$5 ,B*  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 0Rtqq
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22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… u6t.$a!5  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… kn+`2-0  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. T>vHZZiO  
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用于文章的开头 ^B?{X|U37  
1. As the proverb says… kSB)}q6a  
2. It goes without saying tan… ZzzQXfA#  
3. Generally speaking… +;:i,`Lmg  
4. It is quite clear than because…  yZmQBh$  
5. It is often said that … mOGcv_L  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” `hM]5;0  
7. More and more people have come to realize… -a&wOn-W  
8. There is no doubt that… ?v8RY,Q30  
9. Some people believe that… 
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10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? f+fF5Z\  
11. One great man said that… JS({au  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. A){kitx-i)  
13. In the past several years there has been… 9OF5A<%"u  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… ^a<=@0|  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… &>L\unS  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… $'?CY)h{  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 8{%/!ylJz  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. 84)S0Y8w  
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用于文章的结尾 WDE_"Mm  
1. from this point of view… o=;.RYi  
2. in a word… )ckx&e  
3. in conclusion…
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4. on account of this we can find that… '~liDz*O   
5. the result is dependent on… xhg{!w  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: z7HC6{g%X  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… c?jjY4u  
8. to sum up … ax>en]rNP  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… oJ
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10. It is obvious that… E<-}Jc1  
11. There is little doubt that… 5jx{O${u  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful |])%yRAGQ  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. n$#^gzU4  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 5'+g'9  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… {'>X6:  
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用于论证和说明 NmOQ7T  
1. As it is described that… "]zq<LmX  
2. It has been illustrated that… 
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3. It provides a good example of… -bo0!@MK  
4. We may cite another instance of… szmjp{g0  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… Y*w<~m  
6. A number of further facts may be added… 4XX21<yn  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. jW
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8. A recent investigation indicate that… Szwa2IdI.  
9. According to the statistics provided … yKDg ~zsh  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… z^Oiwzo  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… "uZ'oN  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… #i)h0ML/e  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… u@==Ut  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 4:6@9.VVT  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… NbkWy  
16. All the facts suggest that… p9l&K/  
17. No one can deny the fact that… }o)GBWqHR  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… Yng9_w9Y  
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