医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 {H+?z<BF<  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） !5&%\NSv  
记分标准如下： +GYS 26  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 RE 9nU%!  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 |gW    
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 x)3~il5  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 C-Ig_Nc  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 qJ 9 5  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 Q70bEHLA  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： l0Y?v 4  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； .1LPlZ  
　　2） 语法基本正确； I(n }<)eF  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； z{|LQt6q  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； (')(d HHW  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 srK53vKMHW  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 ~p\n&{P0  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 MxTmWsaW  
考生出现的问题 (
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不会审题 +xZQJeKb  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 LWD#a~  
用词搭配不当。 w.uK?A>W,  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 &\^r Qi/tf  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 *T1~)z}j<  
Our English class often told stories. Pw{"_g  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. ^)0 9OV+hF  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 |1Hc&  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. K6B4sE  
语法错误。 .YR8v1Cp  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 $P n LG]X  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； \[ M_\&GC  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 Q'K$L9q  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 #\ #3r  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 H^ BYd%-  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 k':s =IXW  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： oHX$k{6  
It is often said that… "SR5wr   
Generally speaking… zCV7%,H~  
As the proverb says… *_"u)<J  
It goes without saying that… 'N6
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It is clear/obvious that… /oL8;:m  
Mary people often ask … Js{=i>D  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： d~Mg vh'  
It is true that… BJ5}GX!  
Everybody knows that…  zF: j  
It can be easily proved that… mQr0sI,o]  
No one can deny that… >emcJVYV`[  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… g_z/{1$  
The chief reason why …is that … 3n48%
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We must recognize that… Lgi[u"Du  
There is no doubt that… wC` R>)  
I am of the opinion that… S
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This can expressed as follows… 1*UNsEr  
To take…for an example (instance) … jd:B \%#![  
Therefore we should realize that … FWY2s(5p  
We have reason to believe that… /:[2'_Xl  
We know that… NlF}{   
What is more serious is that… Em^(  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： tju|UhP3  
Another special consideration in this case is that … z`U Ukl}T  
Besides, we should not neglect that… n&Yk<  
However, … =Ho"N`Qy  
But the problem is not so simple, … ^^Jnv{)  
Therefore…  HeA{3s  
But it is a pity that… PQ U]l"A  
On the other hand, … ]axh*J3 `i  
I do not believe that… %fjuG  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… .$rC0<G[K  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… >e&:`2%.  
Though we are in basic agreement with … 6}dR$*=  
The trouble seems that… |qN'P}L  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… [aqu}Su  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… :V
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　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： b~0N^p[&%  
In a word, … 9NpD!A&64<  
In sum, … TMVryb  
In conclusion, … &KC!*}<tx  
From this point of view, … g:#dl\k  
On account of this we can find that … 6Y384  
The result is dependent on … T-" I9kM  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… KeBQH8A1N  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… ,^'R_efY  
　　2.句子连接 %$ceJ`%1e  
　　(1)“启” 3OqX/z,  
in the first place at present RW7(r/C  
currently it goes without saying that xytr2V ]aV  
lately first
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first of all now -_^c6!i  
presently firstly mY&ud>,U:  
generally recently m <k!^jp  
in the beginning to begin with )Hw:E
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to start with in general <:;^'x>!  
　　(2)“承” f-RK,#
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after a few days after a while &Ral+J  
also at any arte d^Di*&X  
at the same time besides W?RE'QV8  
by this time certainly ~oD8Rnf  
consequently for example `$RA< 3  
for instance for this purpose a }nbo4jK  
from now on furthermore o|8`>!hF  
in addition in addition to… 3.R#&Zxt  
in fact in other words (!K_Fy@  
in particular in the same manner r0dDHj ~F  
incidentally indeed uQCo6"e  
meanwhile moreover D&:yMp(  
no doubt obviously @e2}BhB2  
of course particularly j2n,f7hl.  
second secondly )M<vAUF  
similarly so \x\ 5D^Vc  
soon still pd@;b5T  
then third :
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thirdly truly j) vlM+  
unlike… what is more e]>ori 8  
　　(3)“转” akuJz  
after all all the same j -O2aL  
anyway at the same time C*6S@4k  
but by this time  b`mj_b  
conversely despite… Yo
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especially… fortunately (&\aA 0-}H  
however in other words b3 qc_  
in particular in spite of… $ItF])Bj5N  
in the same way likewise q 2?X"!  
luckily nevertheless 72db[  
no doubt not withstanding … "dh:-x6  
on the contrary on the other hand }OShT+xeX  
otherwise perhaps… `cB_.&  
unfortunately unlike… x2VBm$ >  
whereas… yet u62)QJE  
nonetheless as a matter of fact ,t$,idcT+
 
(4)“合” Zf*r2t1&P  
above all accordingly 'C+;r?1!h  
as a consequence as a result &%aXR A#+  
as has been noted as I have said $6f\uuTU2"  
at last at length ztM<J+  
by and large briefly ;.
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by doing so consequently uYO|5a<f~  
eventually finally e,1u  
hence in brief n(Y%Vmy  
in conclusion in short 2-If]Fc  
on the whole therefore p QE)p  
thus to speak frankly ,%"xH4d  
to sum up to summarize mPZGA\  
indeed surely 43:t \  
to conclude obviously H6kf K5,  
certainly truly 8pZ<9t'  
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常用句型 \y Hen|%  
$+= 
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 K\!#4>yd  
1. In general, I don’t agree with 42) mM#  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. qojXrSb"y  
3. The chief reason why… is that… Va<HU:<  
4.There is no true that… OmMX$YID  
5. It is not true that… _ *(bmJM  
6. It can be easily denied than… GY!C|7kN  
7. We have no reason to believe that… mNmUUj9z  
8. What is more serious is that… :> -1'HC  
9. But it is pity that… X~U >LLr  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 8QgA@y"  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… 6Z:YT&,f  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Csst[3V  
13. Perhaps I was question why… "cUg>a3  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… M].8HwC+  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but ~hX-u8Ul'N  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… J\co1kO9/  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… $^%N U  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… @"87F{!  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… F4I6P  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… S q@H  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … kyUl{Zj
 
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. (|h:h(C  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. D,;\F,p  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. P~7.sM  
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用于描写图表和数据 pWaPC/,g  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. F1W+o?B  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. E%pz9gcSx  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. RIy\u>  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. [/9(NUf  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. C8b''9t.  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. ?T'][q  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. !q/5yEJ>h  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. POd/+e9d  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. nB@UKX  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. ! q6hC  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… I0w%8bs  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 ?S`>>^  
1.Everybody knows that…
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2.It can be easily proved that… @)0 Y~A )  
3. It is true that…
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4. No one can deny that >)Dhi+D  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… JeQ[qQ  
6. The chief reason is that… C3"&sdLb$  
7. We must recognize that… (cV  
8. There is on doubt that… 3E|;r _; 8  
9. I am of the opinion that… 3N%{B  
10. This can be expressed as follows; sBjXE>_#)  
11. To take …for an example… esq<xuZM4  
12. We have reason to believe that RaNeZhF>M  
13. Now that we know that… Bymny>.M  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… L|67f4  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that Yn<)k_kp  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… PrnrXl S  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… @PXXt#   
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… nt HT  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… ^ KOzCLC  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… L8P36]>  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… oyvtZ/@  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… ~3 @*7B5Q  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… {j@+h%sF>+  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. I~RcOiL)  
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用于文章的开头 e^frVEV  
1. As the proverb says… {3 o%d:  
2. It goes without saying tan… I#c(J  
3. Generally speaking… uBRw>"c_*8  
4. It is quite clear than because… jtLnj@,  
5. It is often said that … =uc^433.  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” PP4d?+;V  
7. More and more people have come to realize… $jcz?vH  
8. There is no doubt that… +$~8)95<B  
9. Some people believe that… ,\>g  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 1^sbT[%R  
11. One great man said that… yk#rd~2
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12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. Hdna{@~  
13. In the past several years there has been… E7LbSZ  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… ?o>6S EGW  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… kaC+I"4c  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… PL!tk^;6-  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … ](n 69XX_  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. PHQcst W  
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用于文章的结尾 N.vG] %1"  
1. from this point of view… fv/v|  
2. in a word… <>?^4NC<M  
3. in conclusion… ~QO< B2hS}  
4. on account of this we can find that… BArJ"t*/z  
5. the result is dependent on… K)N)IZ1q  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: /O_0=MLp  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… w4aiI2KFq  
8. to sum up … IY~ {)X  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… Iw*C*%}[Z  
10. It is obvious that… n } TTq6B  
11. There is little doubt that… qb9}&'@:  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful ko>M&/^  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. R'r|E_  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… _
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15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… ~V!EtZG$  
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用于论证和说明 01-p `H+  
1. As it is described that… LuLy6]6D;  
2. It has been illustrated that… <kROH0+  
3. It provides a good example of… 1RURZoL  
4. We may cite another instance of… l(.7t'  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… +7`u9j.  
6. A number of further facts may be added… FU^Y{sbDg  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. oUCS|  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… |_!PD$i-  
9. According to the statistics provided … l DgzM3  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… FyQOa)5  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… >Zi|$@7t-  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… fQ^h{n  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… :m)c[q8  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… %L.lkR
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15. The idea may be proved by facts… w6%l8+{R  
16. All the facts suggest that… r#ks>s  
17. No one can deny the fact that… AX/=}G  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… bBd*}"v^"  

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