医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 _UIgRkl.  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） I1v@\Rb  
记分标准如下： ]:!8 s\#  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 1O4D+0@  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 fv/v|  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 Crg#6k1~EN  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 .W-=x,`hY4  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 `>y[wa>9r  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 lXw;|dGF  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： +>^[W~[2  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； 9QZ}Hn`p  
　　2） 语法基本正确； 63SVIc~wT  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； JkJhfFV  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； U#iT<#!l2  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 pj j}K  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 z(jU|va{_1  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 %qONJP  
考生出现的问题 Jfe~ ,cI  
不会审题 c.\:peDk  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 M Ey1~h/  
用词搭配不当。 s^obJl3
 
词汇量小，拼写困难。 1RmBtx\<  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 vsjM3=  
Our English class often told stories. y B1W>s8&  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. N4' .a=1  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 bL+sN"Km  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. B6-AIPb  
语法错误。 9]"\"ka3>  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 twAw01".  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； "MW55OWYU  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 UzXDi#Ky  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 _P>
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　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 5/*)+  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 #d3[uF]OmW  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： B[C7G7<B  
It is often said that… :/ ~):tM  
Generally speaking… D-;J;m \  
As the proverb says… 77)OW$G  
It goes without saying that… "# [o?_GaJ  
It is clear/obvious that… :h3#1fko  
Mary people often ask … ,q{lYX83S  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： L2:oZ&:u`J  
It is true that… aMe%#cLI  
Everybody knows that… *C,$W\6sz  
It can be easily proved that… :DF`A(  
No one can deny that… P1M|f4*  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… (\5<GCW-  
The chief reason why …is that … 1',+&2)oj  
We must recognize that… bvt-
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There is no doubt that… "Wzij&WkQ  
I am of the opinion that… T#ecLD#  
This can expressed as follows… e!O &~#'h}  
To take…for an example (instance) … DR#3njjEC  
Therefore we should realize that … Cf8R2(-4  
We have reason to believe that… oZ|{J  
We know that… bYRQI=gW':  
What is more serious is that… + xkMW%e<  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ZVC
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Another special consideration in this case is that … #RsIxpc  
Besides, we should not neglect that… @5uyUSt]  
However, … GL
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But the problem is not so simple, … TU^tW  
Therefore… #==[RNM%ap  
But it is a pity that… [m@e^6F0U  
On the other hand, … Xlgz.j7XR  
I do not believe that… Xqq?S  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… ' JXN*YO  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 60SenHKles  
Though we are in basic agreement with … Nc^b8& 2J  
The trouble seems that… DXw9@b  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… }p
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So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… s;=J'x)~%  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： c9F[pfi(  
In a word, … _16&K}<  
In sum, … ;U5x'}%0]  
In conclusion, …
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From this point of view, … cUX]tiC0  
On account of this we can find that … 1Rb<(%   
The result is dependent on … tI6USN%  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… *~MiL9m+?  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… Xj&~N;Ysb  
　　2.句子连接 B[k+#YYY  
　　(1)“启” /m|&nl8"qe  
in the first place at present GqF.T#|  
currently it goes without saying that |'>E};D  
lately first "=0lcbC  
first of all now r5$?4t  
presently firstly Y+5A2Z)f[  
generally recently Eo3Aak o  
in the beginning to begin with &?ed.V@E5  
to start with in general a(QZZq};S  
　　(2)“承” c
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after a few days after a while %A Du[M.  
also at any arte ,, -[P*@  
at the same time besides %l$&_xV
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by this time certainly ]> "/<"  
consequently for example 9G\3hL]  
for instance for this purpose l
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from now on furthermore yqc(32rF!  
in addition in addition to… 9t
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in fact in other words -JW6@L@  
in particular in the same manner 3'N L1du  
incidentally indeed eX),B  
meanwhile moreover !/lYq;$R  
no doubt obviously C36.UZoc  
of course particularly xbC-ueEj  
second secondly #YMp,i  
similarly so g"AfI  
soon still ?F), 4Q  
then third w0`L)f5v  
thirdly truly
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unlike… what is more ,$(v#Tz  
　　(3)“转” tcdn"]#U  
after all all the same +g7nM7,1a  
anyway at the same time r
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but by this time ])l[tVHm  
conversely despite… p5rRhu/|k3  
especially… fortunately N~KRwsDH  
however in other words %>U*A  
in particular in spite of… =}KbE4D+8  
in the same way likewise 4gNRln-
 
luckily nevertheless d*(\'6?  
no doubt not withstanding … %4KJ&R (>[  
on the contrary on the other hand 3^UsyZS)  
otherwise perhaps… ,
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unfortunately unlike… \)]2Uh|  
whereas… yet Oo .Qz
 
nonetheless as a matter of fact 6EWB3.x19  
(4)“合” fb;"J+
  
above all accordingly $NRb'  
as a consequence as a result 4N0nU  
as has been noted as I have said
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at last at length  6+z]MT  
by and large briefly xJGeIh5  
by doing so consequently W>nb9Isp  
eventually finally  nGd  
hence in brief ][1u :V/ U  
in conclusion in short @&B!P3{f  
on the whole therefore X5<.%@Z  
thus to speak frankly "-:\-sMt{  
to sum up to summarize Q0_W<+`  
indeed surely 34:EpZO@  
to conclude obviously +eXfT*=u5  
certainly truly %/on\*Vh3  
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常用句型 p2 (_YN;s  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 fC|u  
1. In general, I don’t agree with D|:sSld @  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water.  e5]AB  
3. The chief reason why… is that… sdD[`#  
4.There is no true that… R!G7;m'N1  
5. It is not true that… xrnH=>.;m  
6. It can be easily denied than… p]eD@3Wz  
7. We have no reason to believe that… eMzCAO  
8. What is more serious is that… NM.B=<Aw*  
9. But it is pity that… 3kY4V*9@-  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… Y_sV e  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… {Z.@-Tl_  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… 2,0F8=L  
13. Perhaps I was question why… x~eEaD5m%J  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 1+($"$ZC&B  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 09s}@C  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… 6QQ oHYtZ  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… >oDP(]YGg  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… caht4N{T  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… F DX+  
20. What these people fail to consider is that…
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21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … 3~rc=e  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. ,c l<74d  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. 89mre;v`  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. :X*LlN  
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用于描写图表和数据 ^/vWK\-  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. =
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2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. ,$$$_+m\  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. ><c5Humr  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 3 ?~+5DU  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. %nF\tVP3]  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. u_=y,~s  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. ! -@!u   
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. C/VYu-p%  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. e}AJxBE  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. Q}]
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11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… !5t 3Y  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 \ZZy`/~z*7  
1.Everybody knows that… ,8nZzVo  
2.It can be easily proved that… ?<^AXLiKV  
3. It is true that… 6FMW g:{  
4. No one can deny that /,$\H  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ?4Juw ?  
6. The chief reason is that… R9G) X]  
7. We must recognize that…
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8. There is on doubt that… 8;&S9'ci  
9. I am of the opinion that… x]cZ m^  
10. This can be expressed as follows; z}2e;d 7  
11. To take …for an example… f<p4P kv  
12. We have reason to believe that N@a'd0oTd  
13. Now that we know that… 166c\QO  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… b7sE  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that h^$
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16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… 810<1NP  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… G2{M#H  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… ;Jn0e:x`E  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… sxwW9 _C  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 7P^
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21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… G_N-}J>EP  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… $"{3yLg  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… %g@3S!lK  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. vcJb\LW  
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用于文章的开头 Q>a7Ps@~  
1. As the proverb says… 3_*Xk. .d  
2. It goes without saying tan… ka)LK@p6  
3. Generally speaking… v&b.Q:h*'  
4. It is quite clear than because… xD=qU  
5. It is often said that … iVi3 :7*  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” ={E!8"  
7. More and more people have come to realize… nHA`B.:B  
8. There is no doubt that… "i{_<;p O  
9. Some people believe that… Ie&b<k  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? ^c0$pqZ}r  
11. One great man said that… VXc+Wm*W  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. "^ 6lvZP(  
13. In the past several years there has been… <A -(&+  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… $]H=  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… $v'Y
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16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… lKV\1(`  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … |j~EV~AJ  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. ( ztim  
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用于文章的结尾 .qIy7_^  
1. from this point of view… bQdSX8: !R  
2. in a word… u JQaHL!  
3. in conclusion… Hw?2XDv j  
4. on account of this we can find that… 'Uko^R)(  
5. the result is dependent on… 6@?aVM~  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: $W/+nmb)@K  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… ;J(rw  
8. to sum up … YA"Ti9-EV  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… 5oU`[&=Ob  
10. It is obvious that… Qst \b8,  
11. There is little doubt that… p<=(GY-  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful -t@y\vZF,  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. <G~}N  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… AXl!cgi  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… Nm6Z|0S  
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用于论证和说明 7Wwp )D  
1. As it is described that… \7Gg2;TA6o  
2. It has been illustrated that… -?< Ww{  
3. It provides a good example of… 1B)Y;hg6&  
4. We may cite another instance of… bQ-Gp;]  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… `fBG~NDw  
6. A number of further facts may be added… Em e'Gk  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. _tWJXv~;  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… FI
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9. According to the statistics provided … de> ?*%<  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… vk @%R  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… "?apgx 6  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… m#oh?@0}  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… [YC=d1F5  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 3@^MvoC  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… H>60D|v[  
16. All the facts suggest that… ry.;u*F  
17. No one can deny the fact that… j?EskT6  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… 3/X-Cr+d  
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