医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 0UWLs_k:  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） /Rx%}~x/m  
记分标准如下： =NF},j"  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 #g{ZfO[ #  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 [ #A!B#`  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 JF%+T yMe  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 2y ~]Uo  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 isDBNXV:  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 0D|^S<z6  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： V{{b^y  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； c(ZkK  
　　2） 语法基本正确； ` "zX<  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； _ 97F  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； kIrME:  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 +S^Uw'L$=T  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 !ygh`]6V  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 lY.FmF}k  
考生出现的问题 lmj73OB3  
不会审题 HR\yJt  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 {/XzIOO;b  
用词搭配不当。 Ct|iZLh`j  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 Ls5|4%+&  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 b0PF7PEEQ  
Our English class often told stories. Xv]O1fcI  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 2o6KVQ  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 p8%x@%k   
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. $MfHA~^  
语法错误。 h.sH:]Z  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 5``/exG>  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； Dx4?
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　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 [,8@oM#  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 zp!{u{  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 ]6GdB3?UVM  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 X4Q? ]{  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： 2?z3s|+[  
It is often said that… vCFMO3  
Generally speaking… t}c ymX
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As the proverb says… (}V.xi  
It goes without saying that… Q
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It is clear/obvious that… !
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Mary people often ask … ltwX-
  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ^QpP'  
It is true that… O7g ?x3  
Everybody knows that… !0zbWB9  
It can be easily proved that… \5_+6  
No one can deny that… lr=? &>MXj  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 58DkVQ6  
The chief reason why …is that … O6pswMhAc  
We must recognize that… ;ug&v C  
There is no doubt that… X#EMmB!  
I am of the opinion that… 3%bCv_6B  
This can expressed as follows… f7Y0L8D  
To take…for an example (instance) … W-qec  
Therefore we should realize that … "_eHK#)  
We have reason to believe that… 64%P}On  
We know that… /x c<&  
What is more serious is that… umaF}}-Q{  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： )a AKO`  
Another special consideration in this case is that … qsOA(+ZP  
Besides, we should not neglect that… c@wSv2o$  
However, … 9t:F![rg  
But the problem is not so simple, … Jz&a9  
Therefore… x$Y44v'>  
But it is a pity that… Ls< ";QJc  
On the other hand, … Zyt,D|eWj  
I do not believe that… hiq7e*Nsb  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… x' >Nz{B,P  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… BgRfy2:  
Though we are in basic agreement with … Veo*-sl  
The trouble seems that… I@Pp[AyG  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ZKy)
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So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… nr7#}pzo  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： +Z> Y//  
In a word, … &|yQwNA*a"  
In sum, …
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In conclusion, … _&V%idz!0  
From this point of view, … ,)/gy)~#  
On account of this we can find that … hgIqr^N9  
The result is dependent on … %LyZaU_s B  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… !"1}zeve  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… [.J&@96,b  
　　2.句子连接 1(%9)).K  
　　(1)“启” e_RLKFv7  
in the first place at present KuBN_bd  
currently it goes without saying that w-iu/|}  
lately first x}\x3U  
first of all now S!+c1q: ].  
presently firstly ;f;A "  
generally recently [|iWLPO1&k  
in the beginning to begin with }9:(l  
to start with in general zT<fTFJ1  
　　(2)“承” 6 /-]  
after a few days after a while X0:V5 e  
also at any arte /my5s\;s|z  
at the same time besides w8=&rzr8  
by this time certainly \c')9g@  
consequently for example PP*6n W8  
for instance for this purpose [U5@m]>^  
from now on furthermore CdBpz/  
in addition in addition to… 87!D@X
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in fact in other words 4^r4O#  
in particular in the same manner J`6
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incidentally indeed @},|i*H/  
meanwhile moreover 9Lus,l\  
no doubt obviously BiY-u/bH9a  
of course particularly m+UWvUB)  
second secondly YD3jP}Ym  
similarly so "Jahc.I  
soon still r '
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then third X<%`  
thirdly truly HNJR&U t  
unlike… what is more noNJ+0S  
　　(3)“转” c,2OI Cj  
after all all the same vAh'6Ob7r  
anyway at the same time @T"-%L8PL  
but by this time @m5c<(bkfp  
conversely despite… '[Sm w'n6-  
especially… fortunately 0OXl`V`w  
however in other words +>&i]x(b  
in particular in spite of…
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in the same way likewise vfd<qdi3p(  
luckily nevertheless lfAiW;giJ  
no doubt not withstanding … >'lvZt  
on the contrary on the other hand +v2)'?BS  
otherwise perhaps… _/czH<   
unfortunately unlike… 1> v(&;K  
whereas… yet w%?Zb[!&  
nonetheless as a matter of fact y7t'I.E[+  
(4)“合” x?UAj8z6  
above all accordingly _l"=#i@L  
as a consequence as a result  0ijYE  
as has been noted as I have said 1CO
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at last at length n$lVmQ6  
by and large briefly 4(91T  
by doing so consequently i[?VF\Y(  
eventually finally ]v/pMg#-  
hence in brief Hd\.,2a"  
in conclusion in short Q#X'.](1  
on the whole therefore 
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thus to speak frankly S0Ur{!9\#^  
to sum up to summarize E/hT/BOPK  
indeed surely P(s:+  
to conclude obviously id588
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certainly truly @M OaXe  
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常用句型 HOx+umjxW  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 ?yxQs=&-q~  
1. In general, I don’t agree with .R@s6}C`}=  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. 8f<y~L_(`  
3. The chief reason why… is that… !MrQ-B(  
4.There is no true that… W' :b6}?  
5. It is not true that… x#5vdBf  
6. It can be easily denied than… @`#x: p:  
7. We have no reason to believe that… [mv!r-=  
8. What is more serious is that… c3Gy1#f:#2  
9. But it is pity that… (t\U5-
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10. Besides, we should not neglect that… (c& %1bJ  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… e/_QS}OA  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Zwz co  
13. Perhaps I was question why… i6A9|G$H
 
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… Ch3MwM5]  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but L,.AY?)+7  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… [Y$TVwFwX  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… D)pTE?@W'  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… qp)Wt6 k?  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… liG|#ny{  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… $5/d?q-ts{  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … O@ H.k<zn  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. DRR)mQBb  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. zfE8=d8U  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ^ <qi&*  
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用于描写图表和数据 wPm  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. %k32:qe  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. yNEU/>]>2  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. +}M3O]?4  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 79cM_O  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. ;9WU
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6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. A6 .wXv,  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. L-:@Om!  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. ;Vc|3  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. gpf0-g-X  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. H<n"[u^@E  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… uSRhIKy  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 0+$gR~^^  
1.Everybody knows that… 23i2y
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2.It can be easily proved that… "f_qG2A{  
3. It is true that… TEY~E*=}$  
4. No one can deny that (AtyM?*  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… <$zhNu~  
6. The chief reason is that… A]5];c  
7. We must recognize that… d6'G 7'9  
8. There is on doubt that… jq*`| m;Q  
9. I am of the opinion that… ~=iH*AQR  
10. This can be expressed as follows; Ikf[K%NKn  
11. To take …for an example… x51R:x(p  
12. We have reason to believe that YfB)TK\W9/  
13. Now that we know that… WEe7\bWF  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… ?. %dQ0  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that |,:p[Oy  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… K&`1{,  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… nL/]
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18. Perhaps the primary reason is… $8UW^#Bpq  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… k:run2K  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… mu@J$\   
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… ll4CF}k  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… -wiQd@X  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… :tU^  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. GIxs>E'X  
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用于文章的开头 >x;\H(g  
1. As the proverb says…
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2. It goes without saying tan… }rfikm  
3. Generally speaking… }#H,oy;Dz  
4. It is quite clear than because… \Dq'~ d  
5. It is often said that … d7vPZ_j^z  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” `hj,rF+4  
7. More and more people have come to realize… s<F*kLib  
8. There is no doubt that… MmjZq  
9. Some people believe that… ^%9oeT{  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? z eT`kZ  
11. One great man said that… ;(/go\m tB  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. ErK1j  
13. In the past several years there has been… ~?ezd0  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… -[-oz0`Sl{  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… W3 4xrm  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… kx;X:I(5&P  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … ~k?rP}>0  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. (O0Ry2uk  
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用于文章的结尾 W|>jj$/o  
1. from this point of view… /Pg)7Zn  
2. in a word… '2 r  
3. in conclusion… Z?'CS|ud  
4. on account of this we can find that… 4<#ItQ(  
5. the result is dependent on… b}R_@_<u  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: _ l`F}v  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… y 9]d{:9  
8. to sum up … LBy`N_@  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that…  pRobx  
10. It is obvious that… o7!A(Eu  
11. There is little doubt that… ML12 &E>  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful %[p*6&V  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. TRi#  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… tw$EwNI[  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 4P3RRS  
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用于论证和说明 5qnei\~  
1. As it is described that… @GKDSS4jv  
2. It has been illustrated that… .jQx
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3. It provides a good example of… 'r!!W0- K  
4. We may cite another instance of… $\P/ %eP  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… 7He"IJ  
6. A number of further facts may be added… -NwG' U~  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. 6)^*DJy  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… swj\X,{  
9. According to the statistics provided … $l7}e=1
 
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… (sK g*G2  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 1/ 9*c *w  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… :(~<BiqR(  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… RkG?R3 e  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that…
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15. The idea may be proved by facts… Wm
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16. All the facts suggest that… rd->@s|4mT  
17. No one can deny the fact that… i<Ms2^  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… _ooHB>sH  
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[p:1]

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