医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 tKx~1-  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） /quc}"__  
记分标准如下： O6a<`]F  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 Tc &z:  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 I%X6T@P  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 sn$9Shgh  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 sRL`dEl4l  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 9gEw
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　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 a /l)qB#  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： g:D>.lKd  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； e
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　　2） 语法基本正确； 1;r|g)VM  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； u#;7<.D  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； _j/<{vSy  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 #Z`q+@@]A  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 G"U9E5O  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 K'Tm_"[u  
考生出现的问题 RJ ||}5  
不会审题 &<5zqsNJ\a  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。
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用词搭配不当。 zH4D8@[7O  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 6?mibvK  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 B^Nf #XN(  
Our English class often told stories. %C'?@,7C  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. fk[-mZ  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 ^ft>@=K(|  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. 5uNJx5g  
语法错误。 S)k*?dQ##R  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 gsvuE  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； $L>@Ed<  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 ?WUA`/[z  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 _ Yx]_Y9I  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 -p&" y3<p  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 k\YG^I  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： *_{j=sd  
It is often said that… *{@Nq=fE  
Generally speaking… KB,j7 ~V  
As the proverb says… Ar|0b}=)>  
It goes without saying that… WZejp}x  
It is clear/obvious that… y$F'(b|)  
Mary people often ask … r CHl?J  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： dulI&_x  
It is true that… Z{Qu<vy_  
Everybody knows that… };bEU wGWf  
It can be easily proved that… |&nS|2.'  
No one can deny that… C8:f_mJU  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… ]z;I_-  
The chief reason why …is that … Mj?`j_X  
We must recognize that… :&rt)/I  
There is no doubt that… V)-+Fd,=  
I am of the opinion that… 6NuD4Ga  
This can expressed as follows… =^f<v_L  
To take…for an example (instance) … UiP"Ixg6  
Therefore we should realize that … \?ZB]*Fu  
We have reason to believe that… "]x'PI 4J  
We know that… fLD,5SN  
What is more serious is that… Uh4%}-;  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： _QE qk@ql  
Another special consideration in this case is that … xY8$I6  
Besides, we should not neglect that… {n.PF8A5X  
However, … z`}qkbvi  
But the problem is not so simple, … S-b/S5  
Therefore… g\:[ 55;8  
But it is a pity that… "5!oi]@>(  
On the other hand, … hJ? O],4J  
I do not believe that… '<xXK@=KEI  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… @4#c&h3  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… e4_rC'=  
Though we are in basic agreement with … RnE4<Cy  
The trouble seems that… gp?uHKsM  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… D|p9qe5%  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… qkY:3O
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　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： ^|>PA:%  
In a word, … P=Jo+4O  
In sum, … "| g>'wM*  
In conclusion, … @ioJ]$o7  
From this point of view, … Bahm]2  
On account of this we can find that … -20bPiM$A  
The result is dependent on … rf g'G&A(  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… M h}m;NI  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… 3M7/?TMw{6  
　　2.句子连接 i$#;Kpb`^  
　　(1)“启” R|, g<  
in the first place at present v$v-2y'%  
currently it goes without saying that CwzZ8.o$i  
lately first ie95rZp  
first of all now P|E| $)m  
presently firstly FVbb2Y?R  
generally recently tSUEZ62EY  
in the beginning to begin with M FMs[+2_o  
to start with in general 7S:\"A7  
　　(2)“承” xm~`7~nFR  
after a few days after a while \?-<4Bc@  
also at any arte yx[/|nZDC4  
at the same time besides X`K<>0.N  
by this time certainly ? :%@vM  
consequently for example }R2u@%n{  
for instance for this purpose !9e=_mY  
from now on furthermore `
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in addition in addition to… V1zmGy  
in fact in other words d7y[0<xM  
in particular in the same manner i&fuSk EP  
incidentally indeed <'Eme  
meanwhile moreover t=iIY`Md%  
no doubt obviously (%6P0*  
of course particularly Sz`,X0a  
second secondly M|h3Wt~7  
similarly so H*R"ntI?w  
soon still cuIT Y^6  
then third /,yd+wcW#  
thirdly truly kDioD  
unlike… what is more YD6'#(  
　　(3)“转” X+9>A.92  
after all all the same \M^bD4';>  
anyway at the same time C&%_a~  
but by this time TD0 B%  
conversely despite… ;)*eo_tQ  
especially… fortunately =; Ff4aF  
however in other words x 9fip-  
in particular in spite of… S,UDezxg  
in the same way likewise Jnov<+  
luckily nevertheless {EQOP]  
no doubt not withstanding … U[MA)41  
on the contrary on the other hand $U~]=.n  
otherwise perhaps… h2R::/2.  
unfortunately unlike… onzxx4bax  
whereas… yet  qX{+oy5  
nonetheless as a matter of fact 57c8xk[.2  
(4)“合” X \/#@T  
above all accordingly e9B0 64  
as a consequence as a result S,he6zS  
as has been noted as I have said b\2 ds,  
at last at length ;i+jJ4  
by and large briefly $!t4r  
by doing so consequently 9%9#_?RW  
eventually finally R6->t #n,  
hence in brief i/Zd8+.n$  
in conclusion in short wibNQ`4k  
on the whole therefore s~X%Y<9l  
thus to speak frankly 3JR+O<3D  
to sum up to summarize &oMh]Z*:  
indeed surely kAUy mds;O  
to conclude obviously !4+<<(B=E  
certainly truly $XH^~i;  
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常用句型 Q7CsJzk~)  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 K|=A:  
1. In general, I don’t agree with JucY[`|JV  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. OY({.uVdX  
3. The chief reason why… is that… H\[W/"  
4.There is no true that… K3uRs{l|  
5. It is not true that… BZ^}J!Q'*  
6. It can be easily denied than… )+Pus~w  
7. We have no reason to believe that… \~wMfP8  
8. What is more serious is that… G3
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9. But it is pity that… qqU 64E  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… <~=Vg  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… wy2 D; ;  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… ?aMOZn?  
13. Perhaps I was question why… TD_Oo-+\  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… E tm?'  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but f
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16. What seems to be the trouble is… 32 =z)]FZ  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… wz8yD8M  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… +"VP-s0  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 2J;g{ 95z  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… =tY T8Q;al  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … a'IdYW0  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. E_LN]v  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. Z/J y'$x  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ?bu>r=oIO]  
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用于描写图表和数据 Xha..r  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. p
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2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. sx<%2  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. PFK  '$  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. u W3!Yg@  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. #3d(M  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. $,'*f?d  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. */DO ex"y  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. Y[S1$(K&*  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. SK
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10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. t&Og$@  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… Dn}Jxu'(  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 k-""_WJ~^  
1.Everybody knows that… W`*r>`krVJ  
2.It can be easily proved that… *4_Bd=5(U  
3. It is true that… ?[>3QE  
4. No one can deny that e(8Ba X_  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… *k>n<p3dd  
6. The chief reason is that… -n5)w*b,  
7. We must recognize that… i(+p0:< 0  
8. There is on doubt that… 5+ MS^H  
9. I am of the opinion that… Lq!>kT<]!  
10. This can be expressed as follows; w.-!UD9/.x  
11. To take …for an example… S`m]f5u|  
12. We have reason to believe that 9]o-O]7/  
13. Now that we know that… `x%>8/  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… zs#@j v$  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that &XU
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16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… QnX(V[  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… Hg (Gl  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… w917N4 $  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… sds"%]rg  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… t#eTV@-
 
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 3%=~)7cF  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… DrK{}uM  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… LC!bIm5'  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. c_!cv":s  
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用于文章的开头 4x[S\,20  
1. As the proverb says… ZO$%[ ftb  
2. It goes without saying tan… "|KP'<8%  
3. Generally speaking… w$-6-rE]d  
4. It is quite clear than because… WVvvI9  
5. It is often said that … {h`uV/5@`  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？”  | (_  
7. More and more people have come to realize… "AGLVp.zT  
8. There is no doubt that… i@M[>~  
9. Some people believe that… L4y4RG/SJ:  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? e'b(gD}
 
11. One great man said that… UFb)AnK  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. x5*!Wx   
13. In the past several years there has been… PBkt~=j  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… 0F><P?5  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… Wbq
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16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…  $[=%R`~w  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … Aj+F |l  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. _[ZO p ~  
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用于文章的结尾 ,^f+^^  
1. from this point of view… l$bu%SZ  
2. in a word… !^Y(^RS@  
3. in conclusion… ><HE; cVg?  
4. on account of this we can find that… oj_3ZsO  
5. the result is dependent on… Qhcu>r a  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: pOG1jI5<{8  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must…
2Ny"O.0h  
8. to sum up … gn".u!9j  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… HcSXsF  
10. It is obvious that… ,0HRAmG  
11. There is little doubt that… _?0}<kQ&  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful h6`6tk  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. GKc`xIQ  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… =CVBBuVy  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… b9<#K+L-  
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用于论证和说明 /9pwZ%:<  
1. As it is described that… dNL(G%Qj+"  
2. It has been illustrated that… r{I% \R!@  
3. It provides a good example of… .qZ
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4. We may cite another instance of… "J8vjr1/  
5. History man provides us with the examples of…  e5*hE  
6. A number of further facts may be added… ^mO~W !"  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. 90*5 5\>{  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… rb+j* 5Es  
9. According to the statistics provided … Y^}Z>  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… kN4{13Qs*  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… ?3zc=J"t  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… Ne{?:h.!  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… cir$voL  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… ^c4@(]v'G  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… :AF =<X*5  
16. All the facts suggest that… vyX\'r.~7  
17. No one can deny the fact that… J1I ;Jgql(  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… p#?7w  
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