医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 UYJ>L  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） I(7iD. ^:  
记分标准如下： !^98o:"x  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 HpIi-Es7C  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 - ry  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 uE(5q!/  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 RfD#/G3|  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 oPaoQbR(A  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 rKslgZhQ  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： {v=[~H>bt  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； >.od(Fh{l|  
　　2） 语法基本正确； W=293mME  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； _eBNbO_J  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； L[*cbjt[  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 Viw,YkC  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 sg}<()  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 U"Bge\6x=  
考生出现的问题 fSVM[  
不会审题 u^E0u^  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 A
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用词搭配不当。 04v ~K  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 l?J [K  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 S[
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Our English class often told stories. r^rk@W;[  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. "10\y{ `v^  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 !qlk-0&`  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. $qZ6i  
语法错误。 `VGw5o  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 >>C S8  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； Lp|n)29+du  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 Y|hd!C-x
  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 y<R5}F  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 b{-|q6  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 MuzQz.C  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： zYdieE\-  
It is often said that… W}zq9|p  
Generally speaking… ;KmrBNF  
As the proverb says… OuWRLcJ!  
It goes without saying that… a[}?!G-Wt|  
It is clear/obvious that… *u,&?fCl  
Mary people often ask … zO$r   
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ? }`mQ<~  
It is true that… b~YIaD[Z  
Everybody knows that… #NL'r99D/o  
It can be easily proved that… 0blbf@X A  
No one can deny that… -*J!Ws(9  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… "<)Jso|  
The chief reason why …is that … 9p^gF2?k  
We must recognize that… }mUb1b  
There is no doubt that… Vr%ef:uVV  
I am of the opinion that… `@0AGSzUv  
This can expressed as follows… #@1(  
To take…for an example (instance) … "i*gJFW|  
Therefore we should realize that … 7+X~i@#rU  
We have reason to believe that… #ZnNJ\6  
We know that… H ="I=}  
What is more serious is that… WlGT&m&2  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： <Kl$ek8  
Another special consideration in this case is that … pe3;pRh'  
Besides, we should not neglect that… _.BT%4  
However, … yg~@}_C2_  
But the problem is not so simple, … ja&m-CFK  
Therefore… 0?gHRdU"  
But it is a pity that… 'ShK7j$  
On the other hand, … S)
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I do not believe that… x)eoz2E1  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… 3hUP>F8  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 0\@oqw]6hv  
Though we are in basic agreement with … !7MRHI/0C  
The trouble seems that… r`h".=oD
 
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… jF/S2Ty2  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… v'S5F@ln  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： BHZhdm@),  
In a word, … W7!iYxO  
In sum, … )58~2v
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In conclusion, … g-"GZi  
From this point of view, … VfP\)Rl
 
On account of this we can find that … FoH1O+e  
The result is dependent on … VY+P c/b  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… BzO,(bd!PI  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… .Y^cs+-o  
　　2.句子连接 n\JI7A}  
　　(1)“启” }*xjO/Ey  
in the first place at present 7Zdg314  
currently it goes without saying that @|Yn~PwKs  
lately first gkA_<,38  
first of all now [w|Klq5  
presently firstly IM/xBP  
generally recently  HG?+b  
in the beginning to begin with ljOY;WV3  
to start with in general 5rdB>8W  
　　(2)“承” GJrmK  
after a few days after a while iRlZWgj4^  
also at any arte 8(L2w|+B<  
at the same time besides R]&Csr#~  
by this time certainly #fns3=/H  
consequently for example Abt<23$h  
for instance for this purpose 7H< IO`  
from now on furthermore 62zu;p9m  
in addition in addition to… Rk3 bZvj3  
in fact in other words 9,`i[Dzp  
in particular in the same manner L8Tm8)  
incidentally indeed 2[qfF6FHA  
meanwhile moreover d-+jb<C&  
no doubt obviously U{M3QOF  
of course particularly &|#[.ti1  
second secondly nv@z;#&  
similarly so O=RS</01!  
soon still VYkh
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then third zHX\h[0f  
thirdly truly =zK4jiM1  
unlike… what is more W wPzm?30  
　　(3)“转” f/#Id]B  
after all all the same 8$\j| mN  
anyway at the same time jL"V0M]c  
but by this time Lxv4w  
conversely despite… v4"Ukv  
especially… fortunately JpC=ACF  
however in other words Y_:jc{?  
in particular in spite of… ?`Yu~a{  
in the same way likewise 6Lq
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luckily nevertheless ?o;ip  
no doubt not withstanding … 6-
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on the contrary on the other hand -!1=S: S  
otherwise perhaps… D:U6r^c  
unfortunately unlike… W<X3!zuKSg  
whereas… yet x:MwM?  
nonetheless as a matter of fact /f1]U LmC:  
(4)“合” @c]KHWI  
above all accordingly \DQu!l@1U  
as a consequence as a result mufGv%U2  
as has been noted as I have said A4,{ep'Z!  
at last at length }S uj=oFp  
by and large briefly 1DB{"8ov  
by doing so consequently bQautRW  
eventually finally 6T$=(I <4  
hence in brief mxgT}L0i  
in conclusion in short E,6|-V;?  
on the whole therefore (uvQ/!  
thus to speak frankly 9Y.(xp &vw  
to sum up to summarize D5c 8sB  
indeed surely :1*E5pX0n  
to conclude obviously e&z@yy$  
certainly truly T&'Jc  
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常用句型 O.B9w+G=  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 [y9a.*]u/@  
1. In general, I don’t agree with 61H_o7XXk  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. }dzdx"  
3. The chief reason why… is that… * |,N/e  
4.There is no true that… c},pu[nL  
5. It is not true that… x9Z89Gwi  
6. It can be easily denied than… B%6cgm,  
7. We have no reason to believe that… (U
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8. What is more serious is that… Jo\
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9. But it is pity that… pRun5 )7  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… !vf:mMo  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… !0@4*>n  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… F^gTID  
13. Perhaps I was question why… I/njyV)H  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… cRf F!EV  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 8Ij<t{Lps  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… ,5$G0  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… =T 9h7c R  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… 3FR(gr$X  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… {ze69 h  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… X\Bl? F   
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … 3cghg._  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. ym{@w3"S  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. ;"nO'wN:h  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. D-/6RVq0m  
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用于描写图表和数据 `6VnL)  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. H*N<7#  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. ,ho",y  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. vSnVq>-q&  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. r[!~~yu/o  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. mj'~-$5T  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. /=;,lC  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. tAN!LI+w  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. &)k=ccm  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. ^}~Q(ji7  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. |/K| Vwa  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… IaeO0\ 4E  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 r7W.}n*  
1.Everybody knows that… #tKks:eL  
2.It can be easily proved that… /}@F q  
3. It is true that… 2B$dT=G  
4. No one can deny that 9 !jF$  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… q+9^rQ  
6. The chief reason is that… y0p=E^QM  
7. We must recognize that… sX6\AYF1M  
8. There is on doubt that… lx2#C9L_  
9. I am of the opinion that… o`n8Fk}i  
10. This can be expressed as follows; XcoX8R%U  
11. To take …for an example…  ="]r{  
12. We have reason to believe that sd\}M{U  
13. Now that we know that… vx?KenO}  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… UhW{KIW  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that 75H!i$(*+  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… =b$g_+  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… w aniCEo  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… ?H8w;Csq-  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… Gs"lmX-{$j  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… /{buFX2"}  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… 2#$7!`6K  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… b(N+_= n  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… 4'D^>z!c  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. 9HR1m3  
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用于文章的开头 C4E}.``Hm  
1. As the proverb says… xb[yy}>"L  
2. It goes without saying tan… @;9KP6d  
3. Generally speaking…
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4. It is quite clear than because… LT{g^g  
5. It is often said that … '2l[~T$*  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” R |Bi%q|4P  
7. More and more people have come to realize… " AvEo  
8. There is no doubt that… MA tF
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9. Some people believe that… dW/(#KP/+  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? TQt[he$O  
11. One great man said that… |oeg'T  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. I@N/Y{y#  
13. In the past several years there has been… ~yN>9fU  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… 1h(n}u  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… 0@'-g^PS  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… h{yh}04P1  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … @?tR-L<u  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. %A `9[icy  
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用于文章的结尾 }5"Rj<  
1. from this point of view… I7XM2xM  
2. in a word… QWm g#2'  
3. in conclusion… p*$=EomY  
4. on account of this we can find that… @(/$;I,  
5. the result is dependent on… qoQ,3 &<  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: yYJ +vs  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 29@m:=-}7  
8. to sum up … Ki:98a$  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… (F R  
10. It is obvious that… sN[<{;K4  
11. There is little doubt that… S="\S  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful s?sr0HZ  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. q|B.@Ng.  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… )1 0aDTlr  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… wXeJjE%j:3  
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用于论证和说明 !q+ %] k?x  
1. As it is described that… n?^X/R.22  
2. It has been illustrated that… &C/,~pJ1S  
3. It provides a good example of… SsL>K*t5  
4. We may cite another instance of… q={3fm  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… /h!i Lun7I  
6. A number of further facts may be added… bsWDjV~  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. P

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8. A recent investigation indicate that… b\"2O4K,)  
9. According to the statistics provided … uc;,JX!bN  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… rI]n4>k{  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… ;cZ]^kof  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… KMkX0+Ao  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… J@9E20$  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… A.S:eQvS%  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… ~gbq^  
16. All the facts suggest that… #kEa&Se  
17. No one can deny the fact that… /a
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18. We may face the undeniable fact that… "IsDL^)A9  
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