医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 Wv NI=>  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） y,^";7U  
记分标准如下： >.n;mk  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 >KKeV(Ur  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 +q l  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 s`r-v/3l  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 O%prD}x  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 @kz!{g]Sn  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 /=q.tDH=I  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： e& p_f<  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； OWZS3Y+  
　　2） 语法基本正确； d&5c_6oW  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； .hc|t-7f

 
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； T!1SMo^  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 qP&byEs"  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 )`mbf|,&t{  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 EN O? ;  
考生出现的问题 6NzBpur 2H  
不会审题 r)OO&. P@j  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 % Oz$_Xe  
用词搭配不当。 `bzr_fJ  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 \QliHm!  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 75kKDR}6  
Our English class often told stories. .N/GfR`0/<  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. kJI3`gS+  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 7AI3|Ts]p  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. IhUW=1&J  
语法错误。 ]{(l;k9=e  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 i
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　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； T~s&)wD  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 kNRyOUy  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 kmmL>fCV"M  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 f( ]R/'o  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 jo<>Hc{g>  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： ]vRVo6@ k  
It is often said that… Hr /W6C  
Generally speaking… -Uzc"Lx B  
As the proverb says… be&6kG  
It goes without saying that… c=jcvDQ6W  
It is clear/obvious that… y=-{Q  
Mary people often ask … fB_4f{E  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： / c+,  
It is true that… #:]vUQ  
Everybody knows that… yEE|e&#>  
It can be easily proved that… n "XdHW0  
No one can deny that… #x, ]D  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… F"-S~I7'L  
The chief reason why …is that … *d^9,GGn-  
We must recognize that… -;sJ25(  
There is no doubt that… "CIpo/ebL  
I am of the opinion that… }UyzMy,  
This can expressed as follows… x%b]ea  
To take…for an example (instance) … {[l'S  
Therefore we should realize that … g|tNa/  
We have reason to believe that… c80 }1  
We know that… EZ:I$X  
What is more serious is that… o%vIkXw  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 2AdX)iF@  
Another special consideration in this case is that … y&n1 Nj]^  
Besides, we should not neglect that… Xulh.:N}  
However, … C\;;9  
But the problem is not so simple, … @/_
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Therefore… >xxXPvM<`  
But it is a pity that… y}(_SU  
On the other hand, … `77;MGg*  
I do not believe that… OhA^UP01-  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… Y}V)4j  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… a(Gk~vD;"  
Though we are in basic agreement with … pHI%jHHJ  
The trouble seems that… >i><s>=I`  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… X+(aQ >y  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… Y-}hNZn"{  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： #C;#$|d  
In a word, … pl1EJ <  
In sum, … :kf3_?9rc  
In conclusion, … @B>%B EC  
From this point of view, … GI'&g@?u  
On account of this we can find that … [)b/uR  
The result is dependent on … ^)eessZ  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… K8Kz  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… K'{wncumQ  
　　2.句子连接 1*c0\:BQ;z  
　　(1)“启” e+]YCp[(  
in the first place at present !0d9<SVC  
currently it goes without saying that {ra Esb-X  
lately first ?j^?@%f0  
first of all now I?:+~q}lZr  
presently firstly |Ls&~'ik  
generally recently V,"AG  
in the beginning to begin with 1W6n[
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to start with in general 9X^-)G>  
　　(2)“承” ZQ-z2s9U  
after a few days after a while h
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also at any arte ND99g  
at the same time besides Do{*cSd  
by this time certainly Z?G3d(YT  
consequently for example ;jY'z5PH5  
for instance for this purpose F4aJr%!\6S  
from now on furthermore y(p: )Iv  
in addition in addition to… L>R!A3G1  
in fact in other words 7UEy L }N  
in particular in the same manner HDfQ9__  
incidentally indeed enfu%"(K)  
meanwhile moreover zDQ\PZ~  
no doubt obviously `\/Wah}I  
of course particularly "N[gMp6U  
second secondly f"}14V  
similarly so U:\ oGa84A  
soon still e715)_HD  
then third Yhv`IV-s  
thirdly truly TY{?
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unlike… what is more 5;KT -(q~  
　　(3)“转” I{P$
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after all all the same Z;> aW;Wt  
anyway at the same time u/{_0-+P  
but by this time 0O9 Lg}  
conversely despite… '&L   
especially… fortunately Z(clw  
however in other words $F'~^2  
in particular in spite of… nd9-3W  
in the same way likewise Y~\xWYR  
luckily nevertheless c8 fb)`,k  
no doubt not withstanding … w6Ny>(T/  
on the contrary on the other hand zm.sX~j  
otherwise perhaps… xL#oP0d<e  
unfortunately unlike… DdW8~yI&  
whereas… yet ,l"2MXD  
nonetheless as a matter of fact ;qQzF  
(4)“合” KAaeaiD  
above all accordingly DEuW'.o>  
as a consequence as a result Q|r1.  
as has been noted as I have said Y&%0 eI!  
at last at length :jCaDhK  
by and large briefly ZSf+5{2m  
by doing so consequently ;\0RXirk  
eventually finally uvd>  
hence in brief k}7)pJNj  
in conclusion in short mSp7H!  
on the whole therefore iIRigW  
thus to speak frankly qa#F}aGd  
to sum up to summarize %ua5T9H Z  
indeed surely %8}w!2D S  
to conclude obviously D]y.!D{l2  
certainly truly g*9>z)  
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常用句型 Z0^do  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 ]P5u:~U  
1. In general, I don’t agree with YkbLf#2AE|  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. $x0F(|wxt  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 1Tkz!  
4.There is no true that… 7?@v}%w  
5. It is not true that… b9jm=U  
6. It can be easily denied than… jeNEC&J  
7. We have no reason to believe that… Dbd5d]]n3  
8. What is more serious is that… c7 -j  
9. But it is pity that… jiDYPYx;I  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 6=D;K.!  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… GW#Wy=(_  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… 2sH5<5G'  
13. Perhaps I was question why… N\$6R-L  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… :7zI!ed
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15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but ;2~Q97c0  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… Q2uE_w`B  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… *!kg@ _0K  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… ,#6\:i  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… Uw!v=n3#!  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 7+bzCDKU  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … ?CC6/bE-{  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too.  '}=M~
 
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. &R]G)f#w%*  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. `y(3:##p  
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用于描写图表和数据 p%_TbH3j`  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. {i
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2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. j(rFORT  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. >JhQ=j  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. C/JFg-r  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. (~~=<0S  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. #"|Ey6 &  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. _\6-]   
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. AWzpk}\  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. B4?P "
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10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. anbr3L[!  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… rr*IIG&.5  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 9Ah4N2nL-b  
1.Everybody knows that… |G1U$p  
2.It can be easily proved that… bvoR?D\-"  
3. It is true that… tNjrd}8s  
4. No one can deny that +mY(6|1  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… FY'f{gD^  
6. The chief reason is that… \Tc$P#  
7. We must recognize that… 0@ -LV:jU  
8. There is on doubt that… 9]Y@eRI<  
9. I am of the opinion that… P6MT[  
10. This can be expressed as follows; DV.m({?  
11. To take …for an example… /h_BF\VBs  
12. We have reason to believe that }{[F+|\>,e  
13. Now that we know that… UW\.!TV  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… pvX\kX3}  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that (*|hlD~  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… x{=ty*E  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… RsE+\)  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… RJ0w3T]7  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… pBHr{/\5  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… E0GpoG5C  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… >]Y`-*vw&  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… $} ~:x_[  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… d8av`m  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. !bQ5CB  
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用于文章的开头 q
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1. As the proverb says… a6[bF  
2. It goes without saying tan… F$d`Umqs;P  
3. Generally speaking… /KH3v!G0  
4. It is quite clear than because… @zE_fL  
5. It is often said that … z[l17+v  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” !x[+rf  
7. More and more people have come to realize… 6:@tHUm  
8. There is no doubt that… {~VgXkjsC  
9. Some people believe that… aabnlOVw  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? ;4%^4<+3  
11. One great man said that… s<tdn[d  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. *SLv$A  
13. In the past several years there has been… [/6IEt3}B  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… S'lZ'H/  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… 5)nm6sf  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… MYDAS-  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … c=h{^![$  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. kF`2%g+  
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用于文章的结尾 Syo1Dq6z.  
1. from this point of view… vA*!82  
2. in a word… ZU5hHah.t  
3. in conclusion… +<(N]w
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4. on account of this we can find that… i.C+{QH  
5. the result is dependent on… %[l5){:05  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: IR(qjm\V  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… g kT`C
  
8. to sum up … %@Bl,!BJ,  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… =]K;"  
10. It is obvious that… g:7S/L0]  
11. There is little doubt that… 79^Y^. D  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful c_"]AhV~Mg  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. ;`p+Vs8C  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… tURjIt,I  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 4V@raI-  
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用于论证和说明 9~/k25P  
1. As it is described that… l 8qCg/ew  
2. It has been illustrated that… c07'mgsU  
3. It provides a good example of… Uus%1hC%a  
4. We may cite another instance of… XHKiz2Pc1  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… SaceIV%(  
6. A number of further facts may be added… A/ZZ[B-  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. F OV%\=Hl  
8. A recent investigation indicate that…  `S$zwot  
9. According to the statistics provided … Fjch<gAofS  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… s\O4D
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11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… DLggR3K_\  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… %Z_/
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13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… 69/aP=  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… ]z3!hgTj  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… PIOG|E  
16. All the facts suggest that… $1lI6 = ,  
17. No one can deny the fact that… b* (~8JxZ  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… R. :~e  
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