医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 6BRQX\  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） Aga2 I#1r  
记分标准如下： G/J5aj[  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 ,h5\v WZ  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 +'2Mj|d@p  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 ] NL-)8u  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 N\l\ M  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 YH&`+ +  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 >B U0B  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： ZK1d3
 
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； #Z)e]4{!l  
　　2） 语法基本正确； m"<0sqD;  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； E#v}//  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； w< <>XIL  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 H ifKa/}P8  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 .C$S DhJ~  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 R22YKXU  
考生出现的问题 d }=fJ  
不会审题 YD H!Nl  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 )o;/*h%@
  
用词搭配不当。 z6]dF"N  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 zUXQl{  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 ^=.R#zrc  
Our English class often told stories. i#Io;  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. M(KsLu1   
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 F&% @p&  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. &l"/G%W  
语法错误。 .T 6NMIp*  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等
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　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； W @`2+}  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 HC(Vu  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 Ok2KTsVl  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 4l7TrCB  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 _8A  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： r*HbglB  
It is often said that… ^MIF+/bQ  
Generally speaking… S"'0lS   
As the proverb says… @W6:JO  
It goes without saying that… iGB1f*K %x  
It is clear/obvious that… ]xC#XYE:dy  
Mary people often ask … K
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　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： Q
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It is true that… q\s"B.(G"  
Everybody knows that…
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It can be easily proved that… *N>n5B2  
No one can deny that… K8#MQR2@  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Ha~F&H|"O  
The chief reason why …is that … oC ?UGY~xL  
We must recognize that… $inlI_  
There is no doubt that… p3r("\Za,  
I am of the opinion that… -yOwX2Wv5;  
This can expressed as follows… R!i\-C1 S  
To take…for an example (instance) … fF6bEJl3  
Therefore we should realize that … QN47+)cVt"  
We have reason to believe that… %,T=|
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We know that… $7h]A$$Fv  
What is more serious is that… a-e_
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(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： r{>Q{$Q  
Another special consideration in this case is that … E{;F4wT_@  
Besides, we should not neglect that… Hlhd6be  
However, … o|:c{pwq  
But the problem is not so simple, … '9{`Czc(Gb  
Therefore… -pmb-#`M  
But it is a pity that… Emy=q5ryl  
On the other hand, … |I[/Fl:  
I do not believe that… o6tPQ (Vi  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… J':X$>
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This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… mT:NC'b<9  
Though we are in basic agreement with … M"Dv-#f  
The trouble seems that… rp9?p%  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 0=0,ix7?#  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… zu3Fi= |0  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： &(7=NAQsE  
In a word, … 1rx,qfCq  
In sum, … InI>So%e|<  
In conclusion, … M>E~eb/  
From this point of view, … y2W|,=Vd  
On account of this we can find that … 0~~yYo&  
The result is dependent on … iYZn`OAx  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… %pIP#y[4  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… i;rcgd  
　　2.句子连接 qnCjNN  
　　(1)“启” A XhP3B]  
in the first place at present [~PR\qm  
currently it goes without saying that +h@.P B^`~  
lately first ,Nt^$2DZW  
first of all now
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presently firstly o\F>K'  
generally recently QChncIqc  
in the beginning to begin with Y[l<fbh(}  
to start with in general Uks%Mo9on  
　　(2)“承” O6
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after a few days after a while
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also at any arte 06O_!"GD}  
at the same time besides "u]&~$  
by this time certainly J%-4ZB"  
consequently for example J/fnSy  
for instance for this purpose GGnlkp& E  
from now on furthermore Y)DAR83  
in addition in addition to… _Dd>e=v  
in fact in other words =\_gT=tZ  
in particular in the same manner !ej]'>V,X  
incidentally indeed CIz0Gjtx6m  
meanwhile moreover 5RvE ),  
no doubt obviously 0PqI^|!  
of course particularly =6qTz3t  
second secondly #M{qMJHDo  
similarly so .b+ix=:  
soon still `vMh
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then third r88De=*  
thirdly truly /q+;!E
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unlike… what is more J,:&U wkv  
　　(3)“转” ^ZO! (  
after all all the same Vi:^bv  
anyway at the same time |4g0@}nr+W  
but by this time HO['o{>BL  
conversely despite… SF&2a(~s  
especially… fortunately k'PvTWR  
however in other words =$Mf:F@  
in particular in spite of… cL
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in the same way likewise :u./"[G  
luckily nevertheless #kASy 2t  
no doubt not withstanding … C=V2Y_j  
on the contrary on the other hand w+>+hq  
otherwise perhaps… l>}f{az-T  
unfortunately unlike… S@qR~_>
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whereas… yet uyxYCc  
nonetheless as a matter of fact hp)^s7H  
(4)“合” @]vY[O!&;  
above all accordingly 29,ET}~  
as a consequence as a result ?}Z t&(#  
as has been noted as I have said 8rH6L:]S  
at last at length
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by and large briefly 8^>c_%e}  
by doing so consequently &jHsFS  
eventually finally \~ChbPnc  
hence in brief 'ZW(Hjrd  
in conclusion in short (MI>7| ';  
on the whole therefore C~B ]@xxK)  
thus to speak frankly _ \6v
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to sum up to summarize ]a4U\yr  
indeed surely >MHlrSH2  
to conclude obviously x/umwT,ov  
certainly truly &2y4k"B&)  
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常用句型 i=aR~
  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 25)9R^  
1. In general, I don’t agree with _-TplGSO=c  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. Cy]=Y  
3. The chief reason why… is that… dT|f<E/P  
4.There is no true that… V:kRr cX  
5. It is not true that… CJ\a7=*i  
6. It can be easily denied than… 'w+]kt-  
7. We have no reason to believe that… Af;Pl|Zh[  
8. What is more serious is that… }`B .(3n  
9. But it is pity that… b# N"}-\^  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 32[}@f2q  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… #{8IFA  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… pbzFzLal  
13. Perhaps I was question why… W%!(kN&d  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… $N=&D_Q  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 1ML L  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… *): |WDR  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ;5j|B|v  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… 2I-d.{  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… G]'ah1W  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… OIrm9D#  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … IOl_J>D]F  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. @t9HRL?T~  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. SyvoN,;Q  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ra$:ibLN  
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用于描写图表和数据 C?zS}ob  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. 7rjl-FUA~  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. A[Mke  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. z#tIa  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. *)RmX$v3  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. U]3!"+Y1P  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. F9r.DG$}  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. P(D>4/f3"  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. KL&/Yt  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 7Jn%XxHq  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. `nP
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11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… -b-a21,m>  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 5|H;%T3_  
1.Everybody knows that… %ih\|jRt  
2.It can be easily proved that… %N8I'*u  
3. It is true that… A!lZyG!3  
4. No one can deny that Af|h*V4Xu  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… v vErzUxN  
6. The chief reason is that… (?qCtLZ  
7. We must recognize that… ytcLx77`:  
8. There is on doubt that… m%|\AZBA#  
9. I am of the opinion that… %KQ1{"
 
10. This can be expressed as follows; ,P~e)<.  
11. To take …for an example… I-#!mFl  
12. We have reason to believe that 4:V +>Jt  
13. Now that we know that… ?0Q3F  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… P27Ot1px  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that k\OZ 'dS  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… .O-)m' 5  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… D2ggFxqe
 
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 9wL2NC31Q  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… $xu2ZBK  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… -h8mJ D%Oi  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… fk}Raej g  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… k=)U  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… e
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24. Different people observes it in different ways.  <$nPGz)}  
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用于文章的开头 Trirb'qO  
1. As the proverb says… ?c.\\2>|F  
2. It goes without saying tan… cC8$oCR?  
3. Generally speaking… L`t786 (M  
4. It is quite clear than because… k7Nx#%xx  
5. It is often said that … DS8HSSD  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” r,eH7&P9{  
7. More and more people have come to realize… "|6(.S+o  
8. There is no doubt that… {r&r^!K;  
9. Some people believe that… %[n5mF*`  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? )F9IzR-&m  
11. One great man said that…
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12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. {:cGt2*~^  
13. In the past several years there has been… d^'_H>x  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… ]FR#ZvM>x  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… ,vR>hy
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16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… ]`-o\,lq  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … A7QT4h&6  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. T#E{d  
z{.&sr>+v  
用于文章的结尾 pTAm}  
1. from this point of view… %~eu&\os  
2. in a word… dhLd2WSyH  
3. in conclusion… i%
0qN  
4. on account of this we can find that… tli*3YIw  
5. the result is dependent on… O-AC$C[d  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: HmXxM:[4;  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… u}'m7|)8  
8. to sum up … <a CzB7x  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… x>i =  
10. It is obvious that… NrcV%-+u%  
11. There is little doubt that… _576Qa'rm  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful TGpdl`k\T  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. UeUOGf ,  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… %i& am=  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… D
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用于论证和说明 /0L]Pf;  
1. As it is described that… lfoPFJ Z  
2. It has been illustrated that… *{fZA;<R  
3. It provides a good example of… p,4S?cr>a  
4. We may cite another instance of… b^Do
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5. History man provides us with the examples of… RZvRV?<bR  
6. A number of further facts may be added… i;2V  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. Dhft[mvo  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… Ze`ms96j{  
9. According to the statistics provided … ipiS=  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… 5IG#-Q(6sp  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 7r3EMX\#Qm  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… En+`ZcA\z  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… YZ0Q?7l7  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… bmC{d  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… ?cr^.LV|h^  
16. All the facts suggest that… 4m9]d)  
17. No one can deny the fact that… h*NBSvn  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… :EC[YAK+D  
Cp-p7g0wlg  
[p:1]

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