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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 )(yaX  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 qhG2j;  
  1 、医生 pzjNi=vhd  
  ① doctor, medical worker z79oj\&[  
  ② physician 内科医生 M6 quPj  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 yK9EHJ$  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 K$GQc"  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 J#j3?qrxu  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 AB0}6g^O  
DWx;cP8[  
  2 、医院 hT_Q_1,  
  ① hospital LkK&<z  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院  q^6#.}  
  The general hospital 普通医院 'byTM?Sp{  
  The community hospital 社区医院 D+ .vg?8  
  The public hospital 公立医院 +_vf=d  
  The private hospital 私立医院 uTz>I'f  
  ② clinc 门诊 F4"bMN   
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ndT_;==  
  ③ ward 病房 vaHtWz!P  
④ medical team 医疗队 U|.r -$|5P  
yP} |8x  
3、 医疗手段 m~W[,7NE0&  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 }M"])B I  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗  :kE*  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 = \oW {?  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis wL]#]DiE  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ,afO\oe>MG  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | Btr>ek  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 c05-1  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 YwZx{%f  
(9)              TCM 中医 3fX _XH1Q  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 .!lLj1?p  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 lk81IhI  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 2ve<1+V_  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 #)48dW!n  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Oi$1maxT  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; X Dyo=A]  
8cMX=P  
  4 、医疗体制 ea`6J  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 m ]Qs BK  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 #D?w,<_8,  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 * uccY_  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 SdMLO6-  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 dWi.V?K4z  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 *A}td8(  
xb9^WvV  
  5 、医德 dN:^RCFzS  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 QGGBI Ku   
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 =,qY\@fq  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 i$ hWX4L  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 /P46k4M1U  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 jeA2y jAC  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 [0kZyjCq@  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 ]]}i Sw'  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people gQu!(7WLI  
 z.2UZ%:  
  6 、病人 Hv:~)h$  
  (1 )patient -=UvOzw  
  (2 )the sick OS>%pgv  
  (3 )the invalid ;yjw(OAI*  
  (4) sufferer 9oP  
   *J': U>p  
(二)疾病 A5 4u}  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 >lek@euqw  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) hM="9] i.  
  (2) contract (v ) i/!KUbt  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 1sJz`+\  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 _o+OkvhU  
LRS,bl3}/  
  2 、必知疾病名称 [L|vBr  
  heart disease 心脏病 |A0U 3$S=  
  hypertension 高血压 `m"K_\w=/  
  kidney problem 肾病 8W7ET@`  
  stroke 中风 X%;4G^%ZI  
    shock 休克 _ KyhX |  
  the blood pressure 血压 Zba<|C  
  diabetes 糖尿病 S~|\bnE  
  obesity 肥胖 8LuU 2Lo  
  terminal illness 绝症 ?01ru5ys/o  
  incurable illness 不治之症 lD# yXLaC\  
  cancer 癌症 KO[T&#y'  
  tumor 肿瘤 6aWnj*dF  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 2J 3y 1  
  emergency case 急症 <p` F/p-  
  serious illness 重症 6]HMhv  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 onv0gb/J  
  short breath 短气 c2Y\bKeN  
  syndrome 综合症 |gT8QP  
  complications 并发症 T=g2gmo9  
  process 病程 $o)}@TC  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 eG.s|0`  
short-sighted (adj)近视 j:^gmZ ;J  
.^ba*qb`{  
  3、传染病 dtV7YPz4+  
  (1) 感染源 ZF<$6"4N  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 wRX#^;O9?>  
  (2 )传染疾病 >LVGNicQ  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 lpbcpB  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 .GCJA`0h  
  infection contagion 传染病 R|*Eg,1g -  
  infectious diseases 传染病 C+Wa(K  
  AIDS 艾滋病 WZviC_  
  SARS 5n e&6  
  (3) 传染 |NWHZo  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 emT/H 95|,  
  block the channel (v) < 7*9b  
  disseminate 传播 $+U 6c~^^  
cross infection 交叉感染 I 6L3M\+-  
7oCY@>(f  
  5 、疾病、病痛 X'/'r.b6  
  illness 12tAx3p  
  sickness c+##!_[9  
  disease `2M*? .vk  
  ailment v&sl_w/tn  
suffering Ia[<;":U  
NjO_Y t  
  6 、疾病的转归 P9jSLM  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 P<LmCY m  
  recover recovery  1%";|  
  recuperate p?4,YV|#  
  resume y#/P||PM  
  recruit ,@zw  
  reinstate 5? f!hB|6  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 cG1iO:  
  deteriorate VU+=b+B~m  
  aggravate C;_00EQ=  
  exasperate m!3D5z]n9  
  make worse $dsLU5]1o  
  worsen I [n|#N  
   ~ ^fb`f+%  
    7、其他相关词汇 jPn.w,=)27  
  outbreak and spending O.{  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 S.pXo'}  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 =o'g5Be<F  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 l9 &L$,=  
  taboo 禁忌 (&X/n=UI  
  speed up blood circulation (v) S#Tu/2<}  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) A.~wgJDO  
  side effects 副反应 {e0(M*u  
complain of 主述 #8y"1I=i&  
d<w]>T5VW  
   U U#tm  
(三)药物 ;s8\F]K  
  1 、药物名称 Nv3u)?A3w  
  medicine ? ?("0U  
  drug #c~- 8=  
  remedy MeAY\V%G=o  
  medicinal herbs :SY,;..3e  
  power F l}!3k>c  
  tablet N0N%~3  
pill \S{ihS@J  
4M+f#b1  
  2 、药物用法 tvJl&{-OX  
  开药 : fUPYCw6F  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases x6^FpNgQ  
  write out a proscription AoK;6je`K^  
  服药 OF:0jOW  
  take a medicine U /xzl4m6  
  治…的疾病 _xnJfW_  
a remedy for some diseases ID,os_ T=  
'2rSX[$ tf  
3 、其他相关词汇 ft0tRv(s:  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 dCLNZq h6  
  side effects 副反应 WcpH= "vm  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ^N`KT   
  drugstore 药房 E,ooD3$h  
  over the counter 非处方药 /;xrd\du  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 >t.PU.OM  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 o ,xy'  
  prescription 处方 $_e{Zv[  
  expenses for medicine 药费  UF@.  
  charges for medicine NGEE'4!i7T  
drug rebate 药品回扣 A5[kYD,_  
a FWTm,)  
   $"#M:V @  
(四)心理疾病 n"Jj'8k  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 !#E-p?O.  
  subhealth 亚健康 _T=";NSa  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 )0Vj\>  
  psychological problem 心理问题 f/Z-dM\e  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 ZvK 3Su)f1  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 Oo ^ AE  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ^{NN-  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 j-qg{oIJ  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 CI+liH  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 Ad -_=a%  
psychological expert 心理专家 z_8Bl2tl  
P8tCzjrV  
  2 、情绪词汇 a(h@4 x  
  overcome R80|q#h,]  
  disappoint s,D GFK  
  disappointed U)3?&9H  
  shy , z,VXH ?.Zo  
  flush 3@<m/%  
  frustration >as+#rz1p  
  failure c3\p@}  
  willpower 'n?"f|G  
  optimism aQso<oK  
  optimistic ~fO#En  
  be sensitive to A~L Ti  
  nervous U/7jK40  
  tensional I."s&]FZ  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic S:c lyx  
  confident confidence 0BOL0<Wq  
  stress pressure 4@-Wp ]  
  depress depressed #4Cf-$J  
  depression depressive ?X7nM)  
   BJsN~` =r  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 ^brh\M,:@  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary EV~?]Kt~  
   e"2x!(&n(  
(五)肥胖与营养 vLCm,Bb2L  
  1 、营养物质 li~=85 J  
  nutrient 营养素 v\XO?UEJ2  
  protein 蛋白质 N/E=-&E8  
  fat 脂肪 &2W`dEv]?  
  glucose 葡萄糖 mQtOx  
  vitamin 维生素 B{1yMJA  
  sugar 糖类 5WtI.7r  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 "3?:,$*  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 'gk^NAG2^E  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 QRER[8]r$  
cholesterol胆固醇 L!2Ef4,wAz  
3d_g@x#9  
  2 、营养与饮食 c*)PS`]t  
  a well-balanced diet 1 ,6Y)_  
  nutrition 营养 Km0P)Z  
  nutritional 营养的 zM'2opiUY  
}z2K"eGt  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 Zor Q2>  
.~4DlT  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall SS-7y:6y>  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase "3NE%1T  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; x4@IK|CE  
4.       食品安全 food safety "=9)|{=m  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies $60]RCu  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to p,#**g:  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU `Zz;[<*<  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system H=_k|# /  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care /I q6'oo  
10.   服务体系service system A ~ponYc .Y  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene {`[u XH?3d  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. X!0m,  
13.   清淡的lite {>>Gc2UT  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet QdP)-Fx  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN Qx[ nR/  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 ZDl( q~4?z  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; ,"4  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease BO-=X 78f@  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; y Ide]  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion jX{t/8v/s4  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" 8 @4)p.{5I  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission [d,")Ng  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 8w4cqr4m  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate \BxE0GGky  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness x-ShY&k  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s 9\W }p\c  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse Q:!.YSB  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to iMr/i?`i  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – ?W4IAbT\G  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver ` SO"F,  
31.   血压 hypertension I^fKZ^]8P  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon Q[N6#C:(4  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 J^ BC  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ `l8^n0-  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 N_"mC^Vx  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health :svRn9_8H  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds :TzHI    
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations <UcbBcW,  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle rwUKg[ 1N  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 Q+UqLass  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people bl;C=n  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent b:uMO N,H  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from ]Kb3'je  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to @< @\CiM  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to *@2?_b}A ^  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to A<zSh }eh6  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive EJrn4QOs  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ?lYi![.o  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly c`(]j w  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations '8 ~E  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon  v NJ!d  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate BtN@P23>k.  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 420cJ{;A  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances v~N8H+! d  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance jHj*S9:`  
56.   退休养老金retirement n \y9( b  
57.   医疗改革health care reform +8 avA:o  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity TrHz(no  
59.   月经期menstrual period S W^Jh'^E  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace dM{xPpnx  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 1} {bHj  
62.   安乐死euthanasia }-: s9Lt  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ZS@Cd9*  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! {%K(O$H#  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient |7V:~MTkk&  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. P%v7(bqL4+  
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