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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 7K;dVB  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 "w'YZO]>  
  1 、医生 b?bYPN+  
  ① doctor, medical worker t~a$|( 9  
  ② physician 内科医生 :O!G{./(_  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 7O9s 5  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 )R +o8C  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 ipzUF o<w  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 XOeh![eMX  
NSgHO`gU8  
  2 、医院 >C-_Zv<!T\  
  ① hospital /-hF<oNQ  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 $HXB !$d  
  The general hospital 普通医院 Z KR z=(  
  The community hospital 社区医院 :1lE98=  
  The public hospital 公立医院 R|CY4G j  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ^i8I 1@ =  
  ② clinc 门诊 {''|iwLr  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 Fkz  
  ③ ward 病房 -PnC^ r0L$  
④ medical team 医疗队 ).]m@g:ew  
y\_S11{v  
3、 医疗手段 X]yERaJ,i  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 ]v{fFmL  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 &1p8#i  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 Vf?#W,5>=  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis @"I#b99  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 @:7gHRJ!  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | $CmX &%L=  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 eCp|QSXE  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 Q@2tT&eL  
(9)              TCM 中医 Su"_1~/2S  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 CJ?gjV6  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 M?B(<j1Ri  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ~+#--BhV  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 5b#6 Y  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 JQ_gM._3  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; w"v'dU^  
gOyY#]g  
  4 、医疗体制 tHtV[We.:  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 VK'T[5e  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 R9l7CJM@  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 EyP Jvs  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 &^IcL!t[  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 b%;59^4AjD  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 ^v!im\ r  
~u0xXfv#  
  5 、医德 2Nn1-wdhb  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 ;:Z=%R$wJ  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 C 6d]tLE  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 20VVOnDY  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 (.1 rtj  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 irsfJUr[V  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 :B=8_M  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 ~*!u  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people k\pDJ7wF^  
 gt_X AH  
  6 、病人 HmExfW  
  (1 )patient %X9b=%'+  
  (2 )the sick T;!ukGoFP  
  (3 )the invalid GVG!sM mnX  
  (4) sufferer |rFR8srPG  
   5r4gmy>  
(二)疾病 (`6%og#8  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 W7L+8LU;  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 3@)obb  
  (2) contract (v ) efjO8J[uk-  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 8geek$FY x  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 b,sGq  
yGvDn' m  
  2 、必知疾病名称 a}KK{Vqo`  
  heart disease 心脏病 py{eX`(MS  
  hypertension 高血压 8xF)_UV  
  kidney problem 肾病 > z=Ou<,  
  stroke 中风 l"J*)P  
    shock 休克 wE$ s'e  
  the blood pressure 血压 $n= O  
  diabetes 糖尿病 yo'9x s  
  obesity 肥胖 b~_B [cf  
  terminal illness 绝症 99e*]')A%  
  incurable illness 不治之症 w[(n>  
  cancer 癌症 iJdP>x  
  tumor 肿瘤 jfUJ37zNZr  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期  I>A^I   
  emergency case 急症 }[ ].\G\G  
  serious illness 重症 }^"0T-ua  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 &1 wpGJqm  
  short breath 短气 mD7}t  
  syndrome 综合症 cd!|Ne>fe  
  complications 并发症 3bH~';<  
  process 病程 q] ^,vei  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 1otspO y  
short-sighted (adj)近视 *Bs^NU.  
iJ)0Y~  
  3、传染病 >uTPjR[  
  (1) 感染源 3jF|Ic  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 :#{-RU@PS  
  (2 )传染疾病 !h CS#'  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 IIxJ qGN:  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 WL l_'2h  
  infection contagion 传染病 q#N R32byF  
  infectious diseases 传染病 =_ y\Y@J  
  AIDS 艾滋病 HzvlF0 f  
  SARS )~V }oKk0t  
  (3) 传染 <C t_d Cc  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Nb;H`<JP  
  block the channel (v) , T\-;7  
  disseminate 传播 ^s{hs(8%R  
cross infection 交叉感染 O*G1 QX  
5M:D?9E+  
  5 、疾病、病痛 CISO<z0  
  illness 5& !'^!  
  sickness Es.nHN^]%K  
  disease .!RavEg+  
  ailment #`ls)-`7  
suffering c?K~/bx.  
LA4<#KP  
  6 、疾病的转归 iW;i!,  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 XErUS80  
  recover recovery  c%f_.MiU  
  recuperate $`ztiVu3  
  resume i  sW\MB]  
  recruit #NNewzC<*  
  reinstate T_;]fPajjD  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 3`F) AWzdr  
  deteriorate gfy19c 9  
  aggravate B4g8 ~f  
  exasperate  }Ln@R~[  
  make worse PJLR<9  
  worsen O1P=#l iYX  
   KE}H&1PjU  
    7、其他相关词汇 bRo|uJ:d  
  outbreak and spending DWiBG  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 60}! LmL  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 E D"!n-Hq  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 }|wv]U~  
  taboo 禁忌 3 hKBc0  
  speed up blood circulation (v) {i [y9  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) `BY&>WY[  
  side effects 副反应 aP-<4uGx  
complain of 主述 bzZ>ly H  
jO~:<y3 =  
   jd-glE,Y/  
(三)药物 uJU*")\V  
  1 、药物名称 C$yq\C+I  
  medicine !#yq@2QX  
  drug '0RwO[A#1  
  remedy ';B#Gx  
  medicinal herbs OE`X<h4r  
  power ` ~BZ1)@  
  tablet GW^,g@%C  
pill ]T:;Vo  
XGrue6 ya  
  2 、药物用法 =EP13J   
  开药 : 6xK[34~ 6  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases cre;P5^E  
  write out a proscription wK_]/Q-L  
  服药 =='Td[  
  take a medicine ) u%je~Vw  
  治…的疾病 A7_4 .VH  
a remedy for some diseases "/Pjjb:2  
:M3 oUE{  
3 、其他相关词汇 ||7x;2e  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 H`hnEOyLp  
  side effects 副反应 Uu s.  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 /6uT6G+(z}  
  drugstore 药房 "p&Y^]  
  over the counter 非处方药 n: ui  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 u7%D6W~m0  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 BXms;[  
  prescription 处方 Rk<@?(l!6x  
  expenses for medicine 药费 a]17qMl  
  charges for medicine {6;9b-a]  
drug rebate 药品回扣 ia&AW  
g,t jm(  
   1/1Xk,E  
(四)心理疾病 }0#U;_;D  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 - Xu.1S  
  subhealth 亚健康 zLs|tJOVp  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 :NHH Dl  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ,u }XW V  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 TNCgaTJ{h  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 l& 4,v  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 b5$Jf jI  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 H&1[n U{?>  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 `g8E1-]l  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 (fNUj4[  
psychological expert 心理专家 ;AR{@Fu.  
t"hYcnC  
  2 、情绪词汇 3 &u_A?;  
  overcome h~&gIub  
  disappoint q{s(.Uq$&  
  disappointed 0&qr  
  shy , 7^wc)E^H  
  flush /,! qFt  
  frustration Vd".u'r  
  failure Q9I j\HbA"  
  willpower +iRq8aS_  
  optimism L;gO;vO  
  optimistic 4h@Z/G!T3  
  be sensitive to o7mZzzP  
  nervous u` oq(?|  
  tensional :4~g;2oag  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic g{W;I_P^9  
  confident confidence wi9DhVvc 0  
  stress pressure KD/V aN  
  depress depressed xs\!$*R  
  depression depressive c/B'jPt  
   /C/id)h>  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 K3\#E/Ox  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary i)#s.6.D>  
   -n'F v@U  
(五)肥胖与营养 Lh.`C7]  
  1 、营养物质  8q1wHZ  
  nutrient 营养素 5{n*"88  
  protein 蛋白质 *3T| M@Y  
  fat 脂肪 5 H#W[^s"  
  glucose 葡萄糖 5,)Q w  
  vitamin 维生素  ]xguBh]  
  sugar 糖类 ?$e9<lsQq)  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 8k(P,o  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 )sho*;_o  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 54rkC/B>  
cholesterol胆固醇 $T :un.TM  
PMfkA!.Y  
  2 、营养与饮食 ?<6CFH]  
  a well-balanced diet S1/`th  
  nutrition 营养 ;<0LXYL;  
  nutritional 营养的 SZJ$w-<z  
~EK'&Y"1  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 {QCf}@_]h  
c\% r38  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall %F kMv  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase c{[q>@y pK  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; I |# 5NE6  
4.       食品安全 food safety *m2=/Sh  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies sBV 4)xM  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to V5U?F6  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ={hX}"*D  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system kD[ r.Dma  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care @-OnHE  
10.   服务体系service system A GWvH[0  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene LHJ":^  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. f<A5?eKw  
13.   清淡的lite \P1=5rP  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet 0j C3fT!n  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN -gQCn>"  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 A{B/lX)  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; #2iD'>bQ  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease f{0F|w< gf  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; h=_mNG>R)  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 0|; .6\  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" S.!UPkWH  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission zS] 8V?`  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D :NJ(r(QG>  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate fb  da  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness L4L2O7  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s c)0amM  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse 4~U'TE @  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to aTBR|U S  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – q64k7<C,  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver [=%TnT+^9  
31.   血压 hypertension l1]p'Liuu  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon y$<Vha  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 k=GG> ]<i  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ~afg)[(  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 E\m5%bK\B  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health Blq8H"3!:  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds L#)(H^[  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations *._|-L  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle b3YO!cJ  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 #.[AK_S5&  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people ET];%~ ^  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent >yJ9U,Y  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from *Ei|fe$sa  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to c#N<"cy>  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to [7m1Q<  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to #"fJa:IYG7  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive /=uMk]h  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak PM":Vd/  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ?[x49Ux,P  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations DP/J (>eG  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Hqh6:RuL  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate kX:tc   
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy )rLMIk  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances YC]L)eafo`  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance N)% ;jh:T  
56.   退休养老金retirement n ZDL']*)'  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ~"Gf<3^y+  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity hC_Vts[v/  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 9 t@:4O  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace M\b")Tu{0  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care hl&-\dc+  
62.   安乐死euthanasia eK/?%t  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill d +iR/Ssc  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! TgU**JN)  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient vFrt|JC_{  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 1r r@  
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