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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 1B#Z<p  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 f5p:o}U*  
  1 、医生 14LOeo5O  
  ① doctor, medical worker ZBX,4kxK7  
  ② physician 内科医生 Aqp$JM >  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 @2HNYW)  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 s'Op|`&X  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 %8N=4vTJ  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 SA1| 7  
.&R j2d  
  2 、医院 'i5V6yB  
  ① hospital ~ R: =zGDV  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 3$E\B=7/U  
  The general hospital 普通医院 6n}5>GSF  
  The community hospital 社区医院 7G^`'oZ  
  The public hospital 公立医院 >^!qx b-  
  The private hospital 私立医院 JC[G5$E  
  ② clinc 门诊 4Em$L]7   
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 hj8S#  
  ③ ward 病房 k&kx%skz  
④ medical team 医疗队 ^/k`URQ  
N8s2v W  
3、 医疗手段 JkiMrpkuk  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 8D[,z 7n  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 p? q~.YY  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 [`u3SN/P  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis v;r!rZX  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ?'I[[KuG  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | +}u{{  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 q')MKR*  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 jw^Pt~@  
(9)              TCM 中医 H /kSFf{  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 0."TSe83\  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 @7C?]/8#  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 b)5z'zQu  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 c|s*(WljY  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 AxXFzMW  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; Xg](V.B6  
w# t[sI"IT  
  4 、医疗体制 PhS`,I^Z  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 Mk*&CNo3  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 +:s]>R eDa  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 nmLn]U=  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 ;U +;NsCH  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 2(, `9  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 *acN/Ca1  
/<HE cB  
  5 、医德 @Gs*y 1  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 j:yQP# U  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 GS%i<HQ3  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 F^ m`j6  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 SX{sh M2  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 g[rxK n\Z  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 kp4*|$]  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 > n~l\ fC  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people hrwQh2sm  
RP 2MtP"M  
  6 、病人 Ek [V A\G  
  (1 )patient (l28,\Bel  
  (2 )the sick TJ:B_F*bSk  
  (3 )the invalid >uok\sX  
  (4) sufferer dQ=mg#(  
   Lx-ofN\  
(二)疾病 \#(cI  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 5Rv6+d  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) Gs*FbrY  
  (2) contract (v ) {emO&#=@CP  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 tylMJ$ 9*.  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 tHSe>*eC  
Y[AL!h  
  2 、必知疾病名称 a!,q\p8<t0  
  heart disease 心脏病 z6)SaSYE  
  hypertension 高血压 Azx4+`!-  
  kidney problem 肾病 aU]A#g   
  stroke 中风 ]8(_{@ /  
    shock 休克 n*6b*fl  
  the blood pressure 血压 [&n2 yt  
  diabetes 糖尿病 qp*C%U  
  obesity 肥胖 y]5O45E0  
  terminal illness 绝症 R07Kure  
  incurable illness 不治之症 >Vr+\c  
  cancer 癌症 ?Kw~O"L8  
  tumor 肿瘤 3^l@!Qw  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 Z~^)B8  
  emergency case 急症 D 8^wR{-;J  
  serious illness 重症 *TY?*H  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 'qS&7 W(  
  short breath 短气 ?yfk d:WD  
  syndrome 综合症 T]d9tX-  
  complications 并发症 [ z$th  
  process 病程 EnXNTat})  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 y^:!]-+  
short-sighted (adj)近视 R]e?<,"X  
RiC1lCE  
  3、传染病 _p/ _t76s  
  (1) 感染源 5LU8QHj3  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 ;^nN!KDjR  
  (2 )传染疾病 M<oIo 036  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 v'(p."g  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 !E<y:$eH:  
  infection contagion 传染病 A L|F Bd  
  infectious diseases 传染病 BwwOaO@L  
  AIDS 艾滋病 _oK*1#Rm8  
  SARS /1ZRjf^  
  (3) 传染 Lu,72i0O ^  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 ehB (?  
  block the channel (v) f QSP]?  
  disseminate 传播 - Te+{  
cross infection 交叉感染 {\3ZmF  
k@MAi*  
  5 、疾病、病痛 z+IBy+  
  illness rEEoR'c6  
  sickness xi|T7,\X  
  disease 53efF bo  
  ailment ]E/^(T-O  
suffering +?r,Nn  
w1tWyKq  
  6 、疾病的转归 [\eh$r\   
  (1 )疾病的恢复 2wR?ON=Q  
  recover recovery r]JV !'R  
  recuperate Zi'}qs$v  
  resume L-. +yNX)  
  recruit x_ Y03__/  
  reinstate h`Ld%iN\  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 L\;n[,.  
  deteriorate ?r P'PUB  
  aggravate xZbiEDU  
  exasperate ux>wa+XFa  
  make worse R^u 1(SF  
  worsen _,r2g8qm  
   nh"8on]M~  
    7、其他相关词汇 r xlKoa  
  outbreak and spending Lt'FA  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 3` ,u^ w  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 {N.J A=  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 C?OqS+  
  taboo 禁忌 /[V}   
  speed up blood circulation (v) GN0s`'#"3%  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) `2 6t+Tb  
  side effects 副反应 )h0 3sv  
complain of 主述 o57r ,`N  
_|^cudRv  
   LZ'Y3 *  
(三)药物 8bTE# 2+-  
  1 、药物名称 H; D CkVL  
  medicine *@+E82D  
  drug ja2BK\"1:  
  remedy h85 kQ^%  
  medicinal herbs wk9qyv<  
  power ?GT,Y5  
  tablet Kry^ 47"  
pill HI\V29 a  
br3r!Vuz/-  
  2 、药物用法 K| w\KX0  
  开药 : pP|LSr Y!  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases `z1E]{A  
  write out a proscription 4 Q<c I2|  
  服药 *]K/8MbiF  
  take a medicine #E ;a ;$p  
  治…的疾病 -Cc2| ~n  
a remedy for some diseases !;%+1j?d  
s`dwE*~  
3 、其他相关词汇 YZ(tjIgQ  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 [}Z!hq  
  side effects 副反应 D:=Q)Uh0I  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 /cC4K\M  
  drugstore 药房 qA>C<NL  
  over the counter 非处方药 c`s ]ciC  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 'z$!9ufY,  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 +Ua.\1"6  
  prescription 处方 aS/MlMf  
  expenses for medicine 药费 AYHefAF<w  
  charges for medicine OhiY <  
drug rebate 药品回扣 &]S\GnqlU]  
!V27ln KP+  
   7*C>4G s  
(四)心理疾病 '9tV-whw  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 COFCa&m9c  
  subhealth 亚健康 /D,<2>o  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 vT;~\,M  
  psychological problem 心理问题 jpt-5@5O  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 M d.^r5r  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 u,`cmyZ  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 owe6ge7m  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 60X ))MyN  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 ppR; v  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 H]PEE!C;xC  
psychological expert 心理专家 -`ss7j&b3  
0I7 r{T  
  2 、情绪词汇 I.{%e;Reg  
  overcome +?ilTU  
  disappoint KA{ JSi  
  disappointed &w{: qBa  
  shy , ^-g-]?q  
  flush @% .;}tC  
  frustration >"<<hjKJ  
  failure DlxL:  
  willpower ]^v*2!_(  
  optimism QRz5eGpW  
  optimistic qU+q Y2S:  
  be sensitive to C~c|};&%  
  nervous ;, ^AR{+x  
  tensional p&W{g $D>  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic EzGO/uZ]  
  confident confidence yBnUz"  
  stress pressure F+285JK  
  depress depressed M:R|hR{=*  
  depression depressive p.x!dt\1kC  
   +W^$my)<  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 3GM9ZPeN:  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary .aD=d\  
   >m4HCs>  
(五)肥胖与营养 _7N^<'B  
  1 、营养物质 !"s~dL,7  
  nutrient 营养素 ~zyD=jx P9  
  protein 蛋白质 {7+y56[yu  
  fat 脂肪 ]C5/-J,F  
  glucose 葡萄糖 {/q4W; D  
  vitamin 维生素 ^8{:RiN6e~  
  sugar 糖类 xL\R-H^c]  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 ?f4jqF~Fh  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 zz1]6B*eX  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 ,&0iFUwN_  
cholesterol胆固醇 UCI !>G  
'h{| ]  
  2 、营养与饮食 X$9 "dL  
  a well-balanced diet (VB-5&b  
  nutrition 营养 :y3e-lr  
  nutritional 营养的 N)o/}@]6  
g<jgR*TE`  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 T Y*uK  
d <Rv~F@  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 6/l{e)rX2o  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase 7f#r&~=  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; v>E3|w%  
4.       食品安全 food safety <v[UYvZvY  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 6*%E4#4  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to :JfT&YYi"  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU a@niig  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system !1fAW! 8  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care $}z%}v  
10.   服务体系service system A xI,7ld~  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene 5M mSQ_  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. j6r.HYX!  
13.   清淡的lite xe9V'wICp(  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet 1zlBkK   
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN PYJ8\XZ1_N  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 j  hr pS  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; y)#=8oci  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease k(%h{0'  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; qTi%].F"G  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion R7 j'XU  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" :HTV8;yc  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission /O /pAu>  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D  ZXL  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate <oP"kh<D4  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness e~iPN.'1  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s wjnQK  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse NwB;9ZhZ  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 7m +d;x2  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – D^jyG6Ch  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver +K"8Q'&t  
31.   血压 hypertension  01;  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon oGa 8#>  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 j\9v1O!T  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ lX*IEAc  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 8R;A5o,  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health tP ;^;nw  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds U#{^29ik=o  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations {u4=*> ?G  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle T~" T%r  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 n 0*a.  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people %e,X7W`'2  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 7UzbS,$x  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 5C&]YT3 )  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to Nt^9N #+N  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to ds9L4zfO  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to KNZN2N)wR  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive $Z8=QlG>  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ~ d!F|BH4  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly Q\ AM] U  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations RV2s@<0p  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 00d<V:Aoy  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate 9N kr=/I"P  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy >PD*)Uq&  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances ]*M-8_D  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance -(Y(K!n  
56.   退休养老金retirement n (g8<"< N ?  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ~VqDh*0  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity L9G  xqw  
59.   月经期menstrual period S & 1:_+  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace x?unE@?\S  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Qq.ht  
62.   安乐死euthanasia K Qz.g3,  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 2zz7/]?Q   
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! rrSsQq  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient Z"T#"FDIr  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. #nv =x&g  
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