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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 7TMDZ*  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 Y`E {E|J  
  1 、医生 &Sa_%:*D(  
  ① doctor, medical worker ~_/<PIm  
  ② physician 内科医生 c,{&  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 +aXMHT"U  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 62k9"xSH  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 k:(e79  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 5Xq.=/eX  
Ah8^^h|TPJ  
  2 、医院 7>c 0V&  
  ① hospital c)n0D=  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 Q T0IW(A  
  The general hospital 普通医院 d=c1WK  
  The community hospital 社区医院 /S2p``E+  
  The public hospital 公立医院 K"t :B  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ,/[dmoe  
  ② clinc 门诊 %i]uW\~U  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ?*MV  ^IY  
  ③ ward 病房 }. Na{]<gh  
④ medical team 医疗队 <(6-9(zHa  
S9F]!m^i  
3、 医疗手段 #4|i@0n}D  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 }fa%JN %E  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 k:HSB</}  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 (Db*.kd8,  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis HnKF# <  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ck4T#g;=  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | wYS KtG~/S  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 >sl1 cC  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 [(.T%kJ  
(9)              TCM 中医 zLIa! - C  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 T\b";+!W  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 4'4s EjyA  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 J1v0 \  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 \ `iW__  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 '%|20 j  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; rc{[\1 -N  
5fDtSsW  
  4 、医疗体制 aK=3`q  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 kl{OO%jZ  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 k`J..f9  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 YC,.Y{oY{  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 p/^\(/\])  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 2 DNzC7}e  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 ]bU'G$Qm&s  
:$Di.|l@7  
  5 、医德 u P'w.nA&2  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 ug3lMN4UX  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 JU,RO oz(  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 sN` o_q{Q  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 `0WA!(W  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 v]Q_  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 k)GuMw  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 3ij I2Zy  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people )Ai%wCzw*  
`g:^KCGMM  
  6 、病人 s{EX ;   
  (1 )patient 'pls]I]  
  (2 )the sick JhXN8Bq33  
  (3 )the invalid &Or=_5Y`  
  (4) sufferer 5z mHb  
   >oaEG5%d  
(二)疾病 }eRG$)'  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 Lj* =*V  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 6f9<&dCK  
  (2) contract (v ) _eeX]xSSl  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 >{) #|pWU  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 IMw)X0z  
4 J2F>m40  
  2 、必知疾病名称 )$N{(Cke2T  
  heart disease 心脏病 72.IhBNtT  
  hypertension 高血压 hg/&[/eodm  
  kidney problem 肾病 kAQZj3P]  
  stroke 中风 RKb3=} *C  
    shock 休克 wyEgm:Vt  
  the blood pressure 血压 BjJ gQ`X  
  diabetes 糖尿病 aq| [g  
  obesity 肥胖 rX d2[pp  
  terminal illness 绝症 ^G<M+RF2J  
  incurable illness 不治之症 ,/U 9v~  
  cancer 癌症 uy\+#:44d  
  tumor 肿瘤 !h(0b*FUJ  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 A'R sy6  
  emergency case 急症 #$)rwm.jW?  
  serious illness 重症 =W^L8!BE'  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ")buDU6_  
  short breath 短气 .]l2)OlLQ  
  syndrome 综合症 g o Z#  
  complications 并发症 ,"R_ve  
  process 病程 ;$;/#8`>  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 rqo<Xt`  
short-sighted (adj)近视 v>PHn69PU  
bv];Gk*Z-  
  3、传染病 8{ e 3  
  (1) 感染源 ^yZEpQN_  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 U<gw<[>f  
  (2 )传染疾病 rnaDo\5  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 7!)%%K.z6  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 "VCr^'  
  infection contagion 传染病 ["/x~\c'N  
  infectious diseases 传染病 :]jtV~E\  
  AIDS 艾滋病 o`0H(\en  
  SARS DR=1';63  
  (3) 传染 i i Y[  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 [i_x 1  
  block the channel (v) (7 iMIY  
  disseminate 传播 $ 7!GA9Bn  
cross infection 交叉感染 D._r@~o  
n4,J#h/  
  5 、疾病、病痛 N"y4#W(Z@  
  illness ;wZ.p"T9^  
  sickness nX'.'3  
  disease .}s a2-  
  ailment 4Rq"xYGXh  
suffering qMOD TM~+  
L4%LE/t|e  
  6 、疾病的转归 |n8^Xsx4w  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 C? S%fF  
  recover recovery ,88}5)b[  
  recuperate <D}k@M Z  
  resume .+sIjd  
  recruit XlPy(>  
  reinstate x`&W[AA4  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 IT|CfQ [D  
  deteriorate u#<]>EtbB  
  aggravate fsoS!6h0k  
  exasperate #q%/~-Uk  
  make worse X*@S j;|m  
  worsen t*#T~3p  
   Zh*I0m   
    7、其他相关词汇 *RhdoD|a  
  outbreak and spending q=U=Y n  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ,O(uuq  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 t"Rn#V\c."  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 n7vi@^lf(  
  taboo 禁忌 &>SE9w/ ?o  
  speed up blood circulation (v) }tN"C 3)@  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) HXX"B,N  
  side effects 副反应 rnUe/HjH  
complain of 主述 Nsb13mlY  
70@:!HI]  
   ? T9-FGW  
(三)药物 @xo9'M<l  
  1 、药物名称 6;Bqu5_Cj  
  medicine SyI#Q[f'_  
  drug $ |AxQQ%f  
  remedy w5p+Yx=q  
  medicinal herbs ]'Bz%[C)  
  power `J;_!~:  
  tablet CAk.2C/  
pill yo5|~"yZY  
BO^e.iB/  
  2 、药物用法 : 7'anj  
  开药 : =Z2sQQVS  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 'j|;M  
  write out a proscription 8D-g%Aj-  
  服药 uXXwMc<p  
  take a medicine K:mb$YJ&  
  治…的疾病 DF<_Ns!  
a remedy for some diseases }JS?42CTaV  
P:=3;d{v  
3 、其他相关词汇 pl5!Ih6  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 Zx@{nVoYe~  
  side effects 副反应 ,`K'qms  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 5E$)Ip  
  drugstore 药房 #, Rmu  
  over the counter 非处方药 dAR):ZKq?  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 ^8DC W`V  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 uGOvZO^v  
  prescription 处方 c8A //  
  expenses for medicine 药费 -3A#a_fu  
  charges for medicine k/Z}nz   
drug rebate 药品回扣 D3$}S{Yw1  
S Bs_rhe  
   t\X5B]EZ  
(四)心理疾病 7i`8 c =.  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 iphe0QE[#}  
  subhealth 亚健康 !h4L_D0  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 1-4W4"#  
  psychological problem 心理问题 S 7RB` I5  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 GHfsq|*j,Z  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 1t6VS 3  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 mJp)nF8r~  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 (=,p"3^  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 I8rtta  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 UoCFj2?C  
psychological expert 心理专家 adRvAq]mA  
blEs!/A`  
  2 、情绪词汇 @|sDb?J  
  overcome Mt"j< ]EW  
  disappoint Z7lv |m&  
  disappointed g4^=Q'j-  
  shy , '#L.w6<B  
  flush MIGcV9hf  
  frustration gZ8n[zxf6  
  failure &z8I@ ^<  
  willpower E]/` JI'%  
  optimism )*Xd  
  optimistic /{QR:8}-Q  
  be sensitive to b ;A(6^V  
  nervous '7Q5"M'  
  tensional PZ06 _  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic ziPE(B  
  confident confidence v0v%+F#>@  
  stress pressure I*hCIy#;  
  depress depressed [Vzp D 4  
  depression depressive M@%$9N)gd  
   99)md   
3 、疲劳相关词汇 \qk+cK;+  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary |:Q`9;  
   Qv4g#jX{  
(五)肥胖与营养 xd }g1c   
  1 、营养物质 fg}&=r  
  nutrient 营养素 6'E3Q=}d  
  protein 蛋白质 yCC.j%@  
  fat 脂肪 :56f  
  glucose 葡萄糖 EdgcdSb7  
  vitamin 维生素 X=_`$ 0  
  sugar 糖类 E6 glR  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 &T"X kgU5  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Rd#V,[d  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 p:g`K# [F  
cholesterol胆固醇 35>VCjCw0  
%#g9d  
  2 、营养与饮食 I"AgRa  
  a well-balanced diet 0qND2_  
  nutrition 营养 >'\cNM~nf  
  nutritional 营养的 YS7R8|  
_hK83s4  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 '8O(J7J  
7J:zIC$u>  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall Tno[LP,  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase DH@})TN*O  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; aDXdr\ C6  
4.       食品安全 food safety R[ 'k&jyi  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 7x,c)QES`  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to 4d\"gk  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU bu&x& M*  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system ~[E@P1  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care IIn0w2:i  
10.   服务体系service system A f{]eb1  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene ve#*qz Y  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. hX?rIx  
13.   清淡的lite -85]x)JE  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ]{` 8C  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN 0)c9X[sG  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 Cpyv@+;D  
17.   虫媒insect pollination;  p^=>N9  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease cy R K&J  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; ]klP.&I/0  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion pI__<  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" V !Cu%4  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission "X\|!Mxh  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D $6&P 69<  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate i&|fGX?-I  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness 6CKWKc  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s I|RMxx y;  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse {i:5XL   
28.   相似的akin to=similar to k>W5ts2+  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 3' HtT   
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver  -uho;  
31.   血压 hypertension 6]GEn= t  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon fB \+.eN  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 Qv3g 4iJ  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ [1I>Bc&o*  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 =y5~7&9'  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ?, dbrQ  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds "E? 8. `T  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations C'iJFf gR  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Hk65c0  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 S6.N)7y  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people b!>w4MPe  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent /+FZDRf!r  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 410WWR&4_  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to $VX<UK$|s  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to oXC ZpS  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to { gSR49!Q  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive Y0kDHG  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak Rp#9T?i``[  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly C:$12{I?*  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations MoKGnb  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 8"C;I=]8  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate 8&AHu  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy P,S$qD*4  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances w|6;Pf~1y)  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance @!92Ok  
56.   退休养老金retirement n .O\z:GrSZz  
57.   医疗改革health care reform mp_(ke  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity Sb&sW?M  
59.   月经期menstrual period S #y~`nyg%|  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace sLx!Do$'  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care !_+LmBd G  
62.   安乐死euthanasia kcH ?l  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill  T)o)%Yv  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! oa:GGW4Q  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient wW4/]soM  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. s'LY)_n  
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