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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 (ix .  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 En1LGi4#  
  1 、医生 .=9WY_@SZ  
  ① doctor, medical worker }04mJY[  
  ② physician 内科医生 CxeW5qc  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 JC%&d1  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 |mE;HvQ F  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 QOo'Iv+EL  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 Qw:!Rw,x  
>> "gb/x,  
  2 、医院 Oo@o$\+v  
  ① hospital Fu_I0z  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 UL-_z++G  
  The general hospital 普通医院 ] re=8s 6  
  The community hospital 社区医院 Cp(2]Eb  
  The public hospital 公立医院 O`c50yY  
  The private hospital 私立医院 =K18|Q0m  
  ② clinc 门诊 s 91[@rh/  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 2^=.j2  
  ③ ward 病房 >4jE[$p]"  
④ medical team 医疗队 bO2?DszT5  
>< $LV&  
3、 医疗手段 M&j|5UH%.  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Ztg_='n  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 Ha`N   
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 b/'c h  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis QM F   
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 L"|Bm{Run  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | o=3hWbe  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 3$nK   
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ^PTf8o  
(9)              TCM 中医 ;"Kgg:K>W  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 z}ar$}T  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 %hsCB .r>|  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 e~SK*vR%]  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 #y83tNev  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 172G  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; C7FQc {  
Reikf}9Q  
  4 、医疗体制 [i`  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 Q v9q~l  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 TVD~Ix  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 "l56?@-x  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 Af;Pl|Zh[  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 }`B .(3n  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 [s>3xWZ+a  
Sf*)Z3f  
  5 、医德 h=7q;-@7  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 vFVUdxPOw  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 N-M.O:p  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 6h;(b2p{  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 Jj-\Eb?  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 6{y7e L3!  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 ~=|}!A(  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 '47 b"uV  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people UCLM *`M  
=Zq6iMD  
  6 、病人 NKO"'   
  (1 )patient +~^S'6yB  
  (2 )the sick GJ,&$@8)  
  (3 )the invalid &h334N|4{  
  (4) sufferer c{MoeIG)v@  
   E3uu vQ#|  
(二)疾病 \;{ ]YX  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 <Vhd4c  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) {D4FYr J  
  (2) contract (v ) *2/Jg'de  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 'c35%? ]  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 TA[%e MvA  
 T~[:oil  
  2 、必知疾病名称 >. |({;n9  
  heart disease 心脏病 b RR N  
  hypertension 高血压 -b-a21,m>  
  kidney problem 肾病 n7!T{+ge  
  stroke 中风 2 2v"?*  
    shock 休克 UleT9 [M  
  the blood pressure 血压 51k}LH  
  diabetes 糖尿病 ReaZg ?:h  
  obesity 肥胖 6FB 0g8  
  terminal illness 绝症 |bnd92fvks  
  incurable illness 不治之症 A({czHLhN5  
  cancer 癌症 'Ea3(OsuXn  
  tumor 肿瘤 ]\39#  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 ~fXNj-'RW  
  emergency case 急症 x"2p5T7*>  
  serious illness 重症 j\uZo.Ot+  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 cC*WZ]  
  short breath 短气 fQoAdw  
  syndrome 综合症 l#0zHBc  
  complications 并发症 Vl5r~+$|  
  process 病程 j7P49{  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 |O8e;v72g^  
short-sighted (adj)近视 Q7+WV`&  
DI0& _,  
  3、传染病 +Y?Tri  
  (1) 感染源 !@z9n\Yj  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 &GH [$(  
  (2 )传染疾病 Sm/8VSY  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 0]>bNbLB"  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 ]TrJ*~  
  infection contagion 传染病 +k=*AQt^8  
  infectious diseases 传染病 =9&2udV1  
  AIDS 艾滋病 48p3m) 5  
  SARS \KV.lG!  
  (3) 传染 }w f8y   
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 _kD5pC =  
  block the channel (v) h#zm+([B*  
  disseminate 传播 xbiprhdv  
cross infection 交叉感染 l&H-<Z.8m  
Kj0)/Fjl+  
  5 、疾病、病痛 v=^^Mr"Z^  
  illness GVT 6cR  
  sickness #o&T$D5  
  disease n l5+#e*\  
  ailment B~o3Z  
suffering 8z93ETv7`  
2`i &6iz  
  6 、疾病的转归 ~Dg:siw  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 42 `Uq[5Y  
  recover recovery y1`%3\  
  recuperate 0Y`+L6&UX  
  resume [?z;'O}y  
  recruit E.#JCO|(1  
  reinstate Q*1Avy6]  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 (fc_V[(m"  
  deteriorate %~eu&\os  
  aggravate dhLd2WSyH  
  exasperate _WV13pnRu  
  make worse P w6l'  
  worsen ,ig`'U  
   ]_ LAy  
    7、其他相关词汇 j+.E#:tu"  
  outbreak and spending F, = WfM\  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 b#709VHm  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 l2#~   
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 p+I`xyk  
  taboo 禁忌 m%U=:u7#M  
  speed up blood circulation (v) i39_( )X  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) Kj"n Id)  
  side effects 副反应 TbqtT_{  
complain of 主述 e{: -N  
~H ctXe'x  
   :>y5'q@R  
(三)药物 p3%cb?G%w  
  1 、药物名称 j1JdG<n  
  medicine j%!xb><  
  drug kaZcYuT.9  
  remedy DUf . F  
  medicinal herbs |$T?P*pI.  
  power qE^u{S4Z@  
  tablet m7,"M~\pX  
pill -P]onD  
-OQ6;A"#  
  2 、药物用法 ?f6Fj  
  开药 : ;S2/n$Ju_  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases !;PKx]/&  
  write out a proscription f <DqA/$  
  服药 \p izVt  
  take a medicine h>NuQo*  
  治…的疾病 U_0"1+jbq  
a remedy for some diseases v~O2y>8Z  
%tz foiJ%P  
3 、其他相关词汇 0bIhP,4&  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 Ut"F b  
  side effects 副反应 @}e5T/{X}T  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ^^*dHWHn<  
  drugstore 药房 !_1RQ5]^  
  over the counter 非处方药 d>Np; "  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 9<!Ie^o?  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 n ^C"v6X  
  prescription 处方 _$qH\>se  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ?F%,d{^  
  charges for medicine ~LN {5zg  
drug rebate 药品回扣 .{#J2}+[_}  
RC]-9gd3Q  
   czp}-{4X  
(四)心理疾病 -6>T0 -  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 $> PV6  
  subhealth 亚健康 ^b`aO$  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 nJo6;_MI!  
  psychological problem 心理问题 QPpC_pZh  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 4Q(GX.5  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 >a2i%j/T  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 3At%TA:  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 Tf?|*P  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 qUtlh,4)  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 c'~6 1HA<  
psychological expert 心理专家 :HQQ8uQfb  
5QUL-*t  
  2 、情绪词汇 T4x%d g  
  overcome <C,lHt  
  disappoint KI{B<S3*Z  
  disappointed E#m|Sq  
  shy , e2l!L*[g  
  flush {]6Pd`-  
  frustration gG6j>%y  
  failure 8C>\!lW"  
  willpower ijR,%qg  
  optimism e${Cf  
  optimistic ;HbAk`\1A  
  be sensitive to E2~&GkU.UN  
  nervous CDU$Gi  
  tensional .~t.B!rVSB  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic OkaN VTB  
  confident confidence T cM;6h`  
  stress pressure +=N#6 # 1  
  depress depressed Td/J6Q9 0  
  depression depressive !m<v@SmL\  
   \=NS@_t,  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 84}Pu%  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary VHihC]ks,  
   6A9 r{'1  
(五)肥胖与营养 [DzZ:8  
  1 、营养物质 |qFCzK9tD/  
  nutrient 营养素 nqMXE82  
  protein 蛋白质 gJC~$/2  
  fat 脂肪 m#.N  
  glucose 葡萄糖 ev"f@y9Do  
  vitamin 维生素 L.tW]43K  
  sugar 糖类 %ot4$ eY  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 $WS?/H0C  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 }@H(z  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 n/Fx2QC{  
cholesterol胆固醇 8%Eau wAx  
)~[rb<:)b  
  2 、营养与饮食 ZD;1{  
  a well-balanced diet z<u*I@;  
  nutrition 营养 r&_bk Y%  
  nutritional 营养的 ;5PBZ<w  
<A `zK  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 + ko-oZ7V  
UsQh+W"?  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall fx3oA}  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase Q8   
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; ' |Ia-RbX  
4.       食品安全 food safety mP[ZlS~"  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies q)rxv7Iu\  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to c>.=;'2  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU c l1>S3  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system _y5J]Yu`j  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care @T@lHc  
10.   服务体系service system A _Qd C V`  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene Bh ,GQHJ  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. bBg=X}9  
13.   清淡的lite /:-Y7M*   
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ![Ll$L r  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN 8'|_O  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 wzf%~ats  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; =";G&)H-  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease `PS^o#  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; *Eg[@5;QA  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion B:rzM:BQ  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" g(QT"O!dY  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission -F`u z,wZ  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D p,K!'\  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate f=paa/k0  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness G3${\'<  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s Mem1X rBH  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse $iMbtA5a Q  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to U^ ;H{S  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – y#v<V1b]  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver :R1F\FT*  
31.   血压 hypertension EZJ[+ -Q;  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon +nz 0ZQ9 a  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 hQ\W~3S55  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ T )!k J;vc  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 Jk} Dj0o  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health p5`={'>-  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds P-?R\(QYtR  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations )MeeF-Ad6  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle dM)x|b3z  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 WPDi)U X  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people -(JBgM"  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent $0&<Jx  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 71G\b|5  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to cceh`s=cU  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to :wY(</H  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to Nin7AOO  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive E~ +g6YlT  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak :0'vzM  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly IiM=Z=2  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations &~V6g(9  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon R 6 -RH7.  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate B3Daw/G  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 1eOQ;#O V  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances W%@0Ym `7  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance *:"p*qV*  
56.   退休养老金retirement n #ba7r ]Xu  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ImsyyeY]  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity hxkwT  
59.   月经期menstrual period S  :X 9_~  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 1s-=zs  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care [ z,6K=  
62.   安乐死euthanasia yX%NFXD  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill O #5`mo  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! o#hF K'&~  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient G;AJBs>Y}  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. .#LvvAeh  
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