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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 :-hVb S0I  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 %Q]thv:  
  1 、医生 FrLv%tK|  
  ① doctor, medical worker ;KmrBNF  
  ② physician 内科医生 OR|Jc+LT  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 !lsa5w{  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 I*cb\eU8Y  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 upeioC q  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 wzoT!-_X  
K~3Y8ca  
  2 、医院 LZs'hA<L  
  ① hospital +eLL)uk  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 K g.O2F77  
  The general hospital 普通医院 rqm":N8@  
  The community hospital 社区医院 >X"\+7bw  
  The public hospital 公立医院 4,Uqcw?!F'  
  The private hospital 私立医院 e6{E(=R[M  
  ② clinc 门诊 W.D>$R2  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊  ]EQ*!  
  ③ ward 病房 '`W6U]7>  
④ medical team 医疗队 Q6 m.yds  
aZtM _  
3、 医疗手段 1B~Z1w  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 %CgV:.,K  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 @*=5a (#  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 f3>DmH#  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis ;$4&Qp:#  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 n)35-?R/M  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | p_EM/jI,  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 > XM]UdP  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 6'<[QoW];  
(9)              TCM 中医 Wa& !1' @  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 JB.U&  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 DpT$19Q+  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 &"J;  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 n:k4t  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 n;>=QG -v  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; `QW=<Le?  
CHD.b%_|  
  4 、医疗体制 nf1 `)tXG  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 yq^Ma  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 {0-rnSjC  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 S3E5^n\\  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 DGS,iRLnA  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 "VU/Ucb7  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 y=EVpd  
uhp.Yv@c  
  5 、医德 0 ]L   
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 oDi+\0  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 CXyb8z4/+  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 WjM7s]ZRv  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 NuD|%Ebs  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 CgYX^h?Y9  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 mdEl CC0  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 DrC"M*$!  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people yTZ o4c "  
,u)jZ7  
  6 、病人 0\B{~1(^  
  (1 )patient e"NP]_vh,  
  (2 )the sick `.3@Ki~$#  
  (3 )the invalid ; D/6e6  
  (4) sufferer =+ >>l0=_v  
   ,c{ckm  
(二)疾病 #d-zH:uq  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 NRp  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) =y)K er  
  (2) contract (v ) AovBKB $  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 k{N!}%*2  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 v:yU+s|kN  
DZnqCu"J  
  2 、必知疾病名称 c"Vp5lo0  
  heart disease 心脏病 W ulyM cJ  
  hypertension 高血压 0gaHYqkA>}  
  kidney problem 肾病 )OxcCV?5Z  
  stroke 中风 dpylJ2  
    shock 休克 Dd pcov  
  the blood pressure 血压 L~Peerby  
  diabetes 糖尿病 m6n%?8t  
  obesity 肥胖 wL="p) TO.  
  terminal illness 绝症 U$& '>%#  
  incurable illness 不治之症 js5VgP`  
  cancer 癌症 @*Ry`)T  
  tumor 肿瘤 t(uvc{K *  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 V@#oQi*  
  emergency case 急症 D_czUM  
  serious illness 重症 ~U"m"zpLP  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 -kMw[Y  
  short breath 短气 6Jb0MX"AVr  
  syndrome 综合症 |`#fX(=  
  complications 并发症 !uW*~u  
  process 病程 f ?)7MR=  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 =zK4jiM1  
short-sighted (adj)近视 W wPzm?30  
In96H`  
  3、传染病 8$\j| mN  
  (1) 感染源 /ta}12Z  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 U\?D;ABQ%  
  (2 )传染疾病 C:t>u..  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫  3U{ mC}F  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 +yWD>PY(  
  infection contagion 传染病 @NRN#~S,_]  
  infectious diseases 传染病 W{"sB:E  
  AIDS 艾滋病 lTMY|{9  
  SARS 3P2{M}WIl  
  (3) 传染 7b>_vtrt  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 M8X6!"B$Y  
  block the channel (v) -!1=S: S  
  disseminate 传播 3d6z_Yd:  
cross infection 交叉感染 H@ 1'El\9  
x:MwM?  
  5 、疾病、病痛 /f1]U LmC:  
  illness 1Z< ^8L<  
  sickness ; um)JCXz  
  disease K'Ywv@  
  ailment e+lun -  
suffering FprdP*/  
MrHJ)x"hy  
  6 、疾病的转归 M=Ze)X\E*'  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 U3a2wK  
  recover recovery , yltt+ e  
  recuperate i#*[, P~  
  resume $WIVCp  
  recruit rH`\UZ{cc  
  reinstate kFp^?+WI%H  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 'z"vk  
  deteriorate a*5KUj6/TL  
  aggravate RD:G 9[  
  exasperate ruGJZAhIA^  
  make worse ev;&n@k_I  
  worsen Pb'(Y  
   ck{S  
    7、其他相关词汇 Q^f{H.  
  outbreak and spending \PxT47[@e  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 _s5^\~ao  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 i"a3POV>  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 bIiun a\  
  taboo 禁忌 oM!&S'M/  
  speed up blood circulation (v) VBL4cU8D  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) Wz' !stcp  
  side effects 副反应 z='%NZY  
complain of 主述 5bt>MoKxv  
> mO*.'Gm  
   %!nI] |  
(三)药物 8+[Vo_]  
  1 、药物名称 o9e8Oj&  
  medicine BjfVNF;hk:  
  drug $b|LZE\bU.  
  remedy :u,.(INB  
  medicinal herbs xw9ZRu<z  
  power  C^"zU>W_  
  tablet h}@wPP{  
pill ,7j8+p|},  
|2l-s 1| y  
  2 、药物用法 .JLJ(WM  
  开药 : `TJhH<z"%  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases :o8`2Z*g  
  write out a proscription xJ$uoy3+  
  服药 N] sbI)Z@  
  take a medicine +JtKVF  
  治…的疾病 X0 |U?Ib?  
a remedy for some diseases "?zWCH  
eV*QUjS~  
3 、其他相关词汇 A.r7 ks  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 I4N7wnBp  
  side effects 副反应 5&s6(?,Eu  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ( 3 B1X  
  drugstore 药房 9$$  Ijf  
  over the counter 非处方药 Hy3J2p9.  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 7N 0Bj!  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 fsjLD|?|:  
  prescription 处方 q#3T L<  
  expenses for medicine 药费 @LI;q  
  charges for medicine W\>O$IX^e  
drug rebate 药品回扣 _5 SvZ;4  
 t/t6o&  
   *}C%z(  
(四)心理疾病 .fzyA5@l  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 Mrk3r/ 8w  
  subhealth 亚健康 W\Pd:t  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 "m^gCN}c  
  psychological problem 心理问题 c{Z "'t7  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 %BC%fVdP  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 K{_~W yRF  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 +>C2 6Q  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 f.J^HQ_  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 a.<XJ\  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 ;cf$u}+  
psychological expert 心理专家 fwt+$`n  
]7<$1ta  
  2 、情绪词汇 QswPga(-  
  overcome >A D!)&c  
  disappoint :a Cf@:']  
  disappointed 'E #L6,&  
  shy , s@~3L  
  flush 4'D^>z!c  
  frustration 9HR1m 3  
  failure Fb<'L5}i  
  willpower C4E}.``Hm  
  optimism !N+{X \+  
  optimistic JUw|nUnl?  
  be sensitive to prO&"t >  
  nervous G?F!Z"S  
  tensional '2l[~T$*  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic R |Bi%q|4P  
  confident confidence Yw=@*CK'  
  stress pressure |7|'J Ty  
  depress depressed OkQ< Sc   
  depression depressive =Cf@!wZ^  
   zfUj%N  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 g#{7qmM  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary .vmCKZ  
   ax _v+v %  
(五)肥胖与营养 #lFsgb  
  1 、营养物质 {nZP4jze  
  nutrient 营养素 S5m.oHJI*  
  protein 蛋白质 4Vj]bm  
  fat 脂肪 kazgI>"Q8  
  glucose 葡萄糖 q=cnY+p>  
  vitamin 维生素 A\/DAVnI  
  sugar 糖类 aAu%QRq  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 1N]-WCxQ  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 N }z]OvnZH  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 2MXg)GBcU>  
cholesterol胆固醇 s*CBYzOm  
qi_uob  
  2 、营养与饮食 F ww S[ 3  
  a well-balanced diet hsws7sH  
  nutrition 营养 IQ#Kod;)  
  nutritional 营养的 ayf;'1  
eZpi+BRS6  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 coXm*X>z  
I*+*Wf  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall jfR!M07|  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase ~:="o/wo  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; t(^Lh.<a  
4.       食品安全 food safety K]U8y$^  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies L~M6 ca"  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to (j)>npOd9  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU FbPoyh  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system A@EUH  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 40LA G  
10.   服务体系service system A }PzYt~Z`@  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene D7N` %A8   
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. '6>nXp?)r  
13.   清淡的lite J}&xS<  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet <Y#EiC.  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN q1M16qv5  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 HuL9' M  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; VV~Kgy  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease TCO^9RP<  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; cM+s)4TPL  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion b"#|0d0  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" |FD-q.AV  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission \Mod4tQ  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 9L xa?Y1  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate ?IV3"\5  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness TL_8c][.4$  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s lo!_;`v=U  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse {p(.ck ze+  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to cw{[% 7  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – s4c2  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver JB= L\E}  
31.   血压 hypertension { wx!~K  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon [SJ*ks,]  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 cvvba 60  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ( XoL,lJ  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 @t6B\ ?4'T  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 1x#Z}XG  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds  *w538Vb  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations s`G3SE  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Ojf.D6nY  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 WL<$(y:H  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people 4c*?9r@  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent 'Bp7LtG92  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from aoh"<I%]>4  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to X rVF %  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to V3NQij(  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to ~4\J }Kn  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive p ] V  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak p#UrZKR  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly W4Ey]y"  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations FDA``H~  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon c_ e2'K:  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate <0r2m4z  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy RHdcRojF  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances _h2axXFhT  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance .mzy?! w0q  
56.   退休养老金retirement n %- W3F5NK  
57.   医疗改革health care reform oz(V a!  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity "#d>3M_  
59.   月经期menstrual period S [eebIJs  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace Wm{Lg0Nr  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care (*>%^C?  
62.   安乐死euthanasia E)l0`83~^  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 0drt,k  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 1&JPyW  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient y3^<rff3Gc  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 50#i C@1  
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