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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 )rc!irac]  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 f?3-C8 hU  
  1 、医生 J<) qw  
  ① doctor, medical worker v.0qE}' |  
  ② physician 内科医生 WI8}_){ d  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 S zULy >e  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 /:dLqyQ_V  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 'yo@5*x7  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 /dnwN7Gf  
2u{~35  
  2 、医院 xR7ZqTcw  
  ① hospital sdp&D@  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 (vXr2Z<l  
  The general hospital 普通医院 4GYi'  
  The community hospital 社区医院 0<M-asI?  
  The public hospital 公立医院 PyeNu3Il4  
  The private hospital 私立医院 | dQ>)_  
  ② clinc 门诊 8%rD/b6`  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 *k?:k78L  
  ③ ward 病房 #2Rz=QI  
④ medical team 医疗队 ) u?f| D  
C6+ 5G-Z  
3、 医疗手段 u@a){ A(P  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 2+]5}'M  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 kG^76dAQL  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ucCf%T\:  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis mh+T!v$[n)  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 I}$`gUXX8x  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | so))J`ca)  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 R'c*CLaiE  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 d_[H|H9i6  
(9)              TCM 中医 7UTfafOGX  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 Ou[K7-m%&  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 uHbg&eW  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 UB~K/r`.|  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 V 6}5^W  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 FvT&nb{  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; l5z//E}W  
$v>q'8d  
  4 、医疗体制 .jRI $vm  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 }:$cK (|  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 UiU/p  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 Lg4|6.Ez|P  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 fECV\Z  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 +!).'  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 7cc^n\c?Y  
#p+iwW-  
  5 、医德 eP~bl   
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 bRo<~ rp%  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 :.PA(97x b  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 [$3+5K#  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 Om.%K>V  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 V|Bwle  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 }6Pbjm*  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 t 7Y*/v&P(  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people $Sc_E:`]  
]p|?S[!=  
  6 、病人 zJXK:/  
  (1 )patient Kp7D I0~  
  (2 )the sick c b-IRGF  
  (3 )the invalid y;o - @]  
  (4) sufferer 2: QT`e&  
   *+v*VH  
(二)疾病 /? %V% n  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 #91^1jyMf  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) B/X$ZQ0  
  (2) contract (v ) aOvqk ^  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 V u")%(ix  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 6UCF w>  
#ss/mvc3  
  2 、必知疾病名称 Kyx9_2  
  heart disease 心脏病 BP..p ^EPN  
  hypertension 高血压 nlpEkq  
  kidney problem 肾病 D%+ yp  
  stroke 中风 1v&!%9  
    shock 休克 ;6@sC[  
  the blood pressure 血压 B*_ K}5UO  
  diabetes 糖尿病 RP$u/x"b  
  obesity 肥胖 3li$)S1z  
  terminal illness 绝症 t U}6^yc  
  incurable illness 不治之症 W=HvMD  
  cancer 癌症 r10VFaly  
  tumor 肿瘤 \^6[^\@[  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 .@fA_8  
  emergency case 急症 a0hBF4+6  
  serious illness 重症 e1g3a1tnWl  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 T 1q27I  
  short breath 短气 -i?gY F!G  
  syndrome 综合症 O? g;Ny  
  complications 并发症 /e"iY F  
  process 病程 inh:b .,B  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 46]BRL2 G  
short-sighted (adj)近视 9h|6"6  
#f"eZAQ {  
  3、传染病 A:Wr5`FJ  
  (1) 感染源 i{m!v6j:  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 0)SRLHTY%  
  (2 )传染疾病 y?a71b8m  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 Uj ;JN}k  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 "x R6~8  
  infection contagion 传染病  FkrXM!mJ  
  infectious diseases 传染病 wxqX42v  
  AIDS 艾滋病 0 aH&M4  
  SARS `bBkPH}M  
  (3) 传染 Hy4;i^Ik <  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 >=97~a+.  
  block the channel (v) la<.B^  
  disseminate 传播 G+N1#0,q  
cross infection 交叉感染 iO?AY  
}0pp"[JU  
  5 、疾病、病痛 \{`^Q+<  
  illness w^Y/J4 I0  
  sickness 8<"g&+T  
  disease AE>W$x8P  
  ailment o3`U;@&u  
suffering we[+6Z6J  
rmzzbLTu  
  6 、疾病的转归 *V hEl7  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ,93Uji[l  
  recover recovery Fn .J tIu  
  recuperate 8)bR\s   
  resume 1v|-+p42  
  recruit Hc'Pp{| X  
  reinstate H;4QuB'^  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 y:98}gW`n  
  deteriorate Rm=p}  
  aggravate #?w07/~L  
  exasperate WGn=3(4  
  make worse ]uox ^HC  
  worsen enJ; #a A  
   6Yn>9llo}=  
    7、其他相关词汇 ^'E^*R  
  outbreak and spending |\Jnr3)  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发  j5/pVXO  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 ZwBz\jmbP  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 iY/2 `R  
  taboo 禁忌 nRc\!4  
  speed up blood circulation (v) :W0p3 6"  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) **%&|9He  
  side effects 副反应 [tk x84M8  
complain of 主述 _ +DL   
~'%d]s+q  
   < 8' b  
(三)药物 ?@4Mt2Z\  
  1 、药物名称 */h(4Hz  
  medicine %TQ4 ZFD3  
  drug V8 8u -  
  remedy d.+  
  medicinal herbs X1(ds*'Kv  
  power y\^zxG*]'  
  tablet  _C5i\Y)  
pill aeUgr !  
'O)v@p "  
  2 、药物用法 IW!x!~e  
  开药 : ?\,;KNQr  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases DQY1oM)D !  
  write out a proscription )1Bz0:  
  服药 :G 5p`;hGo  
  take a medicine DGGySO6=$e  
  治…的疾病 ;xiN<f4B  
a remedy for some diseases RL4|!HzR  
-Ct+W;2  
3 、其他相关词汇 \(Rj2  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 y`zdI_!7  
  side effects 副反应 C '[4jz0xF  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 8i] S[$Fc  
  drugstore 药房 mh"PAp  
  over the counter 非处方药 d3rjj4N"z  
  drug allergy 药物过敏  P s>Y]  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 #WG}"[ ,c  
  prescription 处方 ys[xR=nbD  
  expenses for medicine 药费 t8RtJ2;  
  charges for medicine q0%QMut%  
drug rebate 药品回扣 9`92 >  
8g8eY pG  
   |e#W;q$v  
(四)心理疾病 t"Du  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 g0B-<>E  
  subhealth 亚健康 $A~aNI  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 W>!:K^8]  
  psychological problem 心理问题 VM5'd  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 ep3VJ"^  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 jjH2!R]^>  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 &I ~'2mpk  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 1^]IuPxq  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 >.UEs 8QV  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 =k d-rIBc  
psychological expert 心理专家 ='.b/]!_  
yqx!{8=V  
  2 、情绪词汇 O D5qPovsd  
  overcome }#.OJub  
  disappoint p/0dtnXa(  
  disappointed T] H 'l  
  shy , zytW3sTZA  
  flush < (9 BO&  
  frustration 19R~&E's  
  failure xH28\]F5n  
  willpower E dc3YSg%;  
  optimism )/!HI0TU  
  optimistic Vq#0MY)2gS  
  be sensitive to EpACd8Fb  
  nervous yo_zc<  
  tensional A+Un(tU2(  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic |2TH[J_a  
  confident confidence &N7q 9t  
  stress pressure Yt_tAm  
  depress depressed 3r^||(_u  
  depression depressive DI-&P3iGx  
   iX2exJto  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 ^Q0=Ggh  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary TRgj`FG  
   ulg=,+%r  
(五)肥胖与营养 Zl# ';~9W  
  1 、营养物质 4Af7x6a;  
  nutrient 营养素 (G{:O   
  protein 蛋白质 vfDX~_N  
  fat 脂肪 mm!JNb9(  
  glucose 葡萄糖 rx#GrV*y  
  vitamin 维生素 OS(Ua  
  sugar 糖类 bB/fU7<{)u  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 ~ r})&`5  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 X+\=dhn69  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 9O&MsTmg$  
cholesterol胆固醇 6m(+X M S  
#="Lr4T  
  2 、营养与饮食 4e[ 0.2?  
  a well-balanced diet w2!5TKZ`  
  nutrition 营养  GVu-<R  
  nutritional 营养的 ygV-Fv>PQ  
L?(1 [jB4G  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 1TN+pmc}@  
@-1VN;N  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall v~!_DD au  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase d\ 7OtM  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; w*Ze5j4@ \  
4.       食品安全 food safety 2-duzc  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 5.Nc6$ N  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to y 0fI7:e3  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU gEq";B%?  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system >ufN[ab  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 3)dtl!VMW[  
10.   服务体系service system A #|cr\\2*  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene kqS_2[=]  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. Oimq P  
13.   清淡的lite tjDCfJx*  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet `hl1R3nBM  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN Ac Y!  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 >D$NEO^  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; >56;M7b(K  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease NK(; -~{P  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 4,6nk.$yN  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion A|0\ct  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" bdyE9t   
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission JsQmn<Yt  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D @{^6_n+gT%  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate l*4_  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness i<u k}  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s U3ao:2zP  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse m"8Gh `Fo  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to .Vb\f  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – ,W&::/2<7  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver <-a6'g2y  
31.   血压 hypertension JNgl  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon f{u3RCfX~2  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 YumHECej  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ nQ^ <h.  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ;AK@Kb  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 1W2hd!J7C  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 0hx EI  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations Ax;i;<md  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle H$n{|YO `  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 :%vD hMHa  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people  d365{  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent  } h0 )  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 7|eD}=jy  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to 7IH^5r  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to %?[H=v(b  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to Z39I*-6F9W  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive C 9:5c@G  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak `^7ARr/  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly 89{@2TXR  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ,| EaW& 2  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon <n:j@a\up0  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate w\z6-qa  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy MHVHEwr.{  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances : {Crc   
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance " %)zTH  
56.   退休养老金retirement n aZMMcd   
57.   医疗改革health care reform K qt,sJ  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity S4? N_"m9  
59.   月经期menstrual period S .(8sa8{N  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace s-He  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care .v3~2r*&  
62.   安乐死euthanasia @Gj|X>0  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill i YJzSVO  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! )./%/ _*K  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 62 biOea  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. )NwIEk>Tf  
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