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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 |Up+Kc:z/n  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 .mn`/4  
  1 、医生 b4Br!PL@G  
  ① doctor, medical worker a*$ to/^r  
  ② physician 内科医生 #:s*)(Qn  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 "=@b>d6U+  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 ];Z)=y,vM  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 = I,O+^  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 Y (x_bJ  
>G $8\ &]j  
  2 、医院 "~(qp_AI  
  ① hospital l qn7$  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 0vuL(W8)  
  The general hospital 普通医院 mE'y$5ZxY  
  The community hospital 社区医院 M$~3`n*^  
  The public hospital 公立医院 &lbxmUeU  
  The private hospital 私立医院 6!dbJ5x1  
  ② clinc 门诊 gKeqf-UWKJ  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 MGze IrV  
  ③ ward 病房 Tm(XM<  
④ medical team 医疗队 zI$^yk-vn  
T]Z|Wq`bot  
3、 医疗手段 k"D6Vyy`  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 $R(?@B(  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 |z\5Ik!fF]  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 PtCO';9[  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis ,@kD9n5#  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 mR@|]T  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | tvXoF;Yq  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药  Ec IgX_\  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 A]ZCQ49  
(9)              TCM 中医 =y -L'z&r  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 (;v)0&h  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 j[l6&eX  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 $2B _a  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 =sy>_   
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 1{+x >Pv:  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; i{[=N9U5o  
rE0?R( _  
  4 、医疗体制 K*iy^}  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 \$:KfN>WY  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 ^?PU:eS  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 X8~dFjhX  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 rMXIw  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 PN9^ sLx=  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 Dy6uWv,P  
S Y\ UuZ  
  5 、医德 )006\W|t9  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 F*V<L   
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 ~^d. zIN!  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 0#(K}9T)  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 nk.Y#+1)  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 dFY]~_P472  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 +|}R^x`z  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 9~+A<X]Hd  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people \#4??@+Xf  
RmS|X"zc  
  6 、病人 +pYrAqmO-  
  (1 )patient  .G}E  
  (2 )the sick m-f"EFmP  
  (3 )the invalid aE}1~`  
  (4) sufferer  !sda6?&  
   xml@]N*D#E  
(二)疾病 #Mo`l/Cwp  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 [8*Ovd  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) ;t!n%SnK9!  
  (2) contract (v ) i`o}*`//  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 @|Z:7n6S  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 \)'nxFKqV  
4R!A.N9  
  2 、必知疾病名称 | \Nj  
  heart disease 心脏病 `abQlBb*  
  hypertension 高血压 pAS!;t=n,  
  kidney problem 肾病 FFXDt"i2  
  stroke 中风 xGbr>OqkTX  
    shock 休克 Ke-Q>sm2Q  
  the blood pressure 血压 +3.Ik,Z}zq  
  diabetes 糖尿病 8+vZ9!7  
  obesity 肥胖 'Z2:u!E  
  terminal illness 绝症 gA ]7YHc  
  incurable illness 不治之症 kTQ:k }%B  
  cancer 癌症 "^-U#f>k  
  tumor 肿瘤 d7N;F a3yL  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 HE&,?vioy  
  emergency case 急症 CCKg ,v  
  serious illness 重症 \V@SCA'  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 (^GVy=  
  short breath 短气 k hT&[!J{>  
  syndrome 综合症 $w%oLI@kl  
  complications 并发症 mY-Z$8r  
  process 病程 ZCPK{Ru QE  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 b~06-dk1  
short-sighted (adj)近视 Okk[}G)  
 l|`FW  
  3、传染病 q3Umqvl)oe  
  (1) 感染源  d$ Mk  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 z.1 6%@R  
  (2 )传染疾病 @_YEK3l]l  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫   .Pq8C  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 O;[PEV ~  
  infection contagion 传染病 1=#r$H  
  infectious diseases 传染病 T Uhp  
  AIDS 艾滋病 FcIH<_r  
  SARS a#H=dIj  
  (3) 传染 R+]p -NI^  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 ]Oc :x  
  block the channel (v) cNC\w%  
  disseminate 传播 f[7'kv5S  
cross infection 交叉感染 w|WZEu:0|  
4W9!_:j(j  
  5 、疾病、病痛 =D5@PHpv(  
  illness 3FUZTX]Q1  
  sickness {N5g52MN  
  disease .u7d  
  ailment N)Qj^bD!  
suffering y NV$IN%  
-Kg@Sj/U}R  
  6 、疾病的转归 U]vNcQj  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ?^BsR  
  recover recovery F/j=rs,*|D  
  recuperate ("/*k  
  resume vlIdi@V  
  recruit :^%s oEi  
  reinstate ?; )(O2p  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 }"m@~kg=  
  deteriorate %h|z)  
  aggravate 4L!{U@ '  
  exasperate A!^K:S:@  
  make worse YD@V2gK  
  worsen hph 3kfR  
   O.rk!&N  
    7、其他相关词汇 GsDSJz  
  outbreak and spending twgU ru  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ,6t0w|@-k  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 IR/0gP  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 X0vkdNgW  
  taboo 禁忌 E}NX+ vYF  
  speed up blood circulation (v) NmB0CbB  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) ;uoH+`pf  
  side effects 副反应 )%^oR5W  
complain of 主述 9!9 Gpi  
?WAlW,H>  
   6bb=;  
(三)药物 {ReAl_Cm  
  1 、药物名称 )3)L  
  medicine Hlz4f+#I  
  drug #G*z{BRQ  
  remedy vjXvjv{t  
  medicinal herbs R o-Mex2  
  power }1 _gemlf  
  tablet Q;aZpi-E"  
pill gpw(j0 /Fs  
B1LnuB%  
  2 、药物用法 ~(%G; fZ?x  
  开药 : q!AS}rV  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases ^2mXXAQf7^  
  write out a proscription 3}h&/KN{  
  服药 CiMy_`H  
  take a medicine w e} sC,  
  治…的疾病 Hy `r}+  
a remedy for some diseases ax 3:rl  
:\bttPw5  
3 、其他相关词汇 ;<MaCtDt  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 MiSFT5$v6  
  side effects 副反应 Cog:6Gnw  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 IsRsjhg8x  
  drugstore 药房 Ko%rB+d  
  over the counter 非处方药 Uc6U!X  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 D:F!;n9  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 >K &b,o,[  
  prescription 处方 He]F~GXP  
  expenses for medicine 药费 }F3Z~  
  charges for medicine yqBu7E$X  
drug rebate 药品回扣 D^TKv;%d  
RV($G8U  
   lO) B/N&  
(四)心理疾病 my} P\r.  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 keWgbj  
  subhealth 亚健康 _rR.Y3N  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 !PQRlgcG  
  psychological problem 心理问题 DMf9wB  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 0SDCo\  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 #/ 4Wcz<  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 Q3KBG8  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 Zn^E   
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 \UC4ai2MK  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 2`},;i~[  
psychological expert 心理专家 O@$hG8:  
3dM6zOK  
  2 、情绪词汇 49#-\=<gt  
  overcome [6Wr t8"  
  disappoint 4 '+)9&g  
  disappointed "s*{0'jo  
  shy , eGE%c1H9a  
  flush %z2nas$$g  
  frustration "2h#i nS  
  failure jab]!eY  
  willpower 4H,DG`[Mo  
  optimism vIREvj#U  
  optimistic mA."*)8VNg  
  be sensitive to =#u2Rx%V  
  nervous (r |T&'yK  
  tensional L=p.@VSZ  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic c`>\R<Z ]  
  confident confidence 0g+@WK6y  
  stress pressure tL5Xfd?u  
  depress depressed i~,k2*o  
  depression depressive .x x#>Y-\  
   ke%zp-2c  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 _(jE](,  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary j\vK`.z  
   <,GHy/u\  
(五)肥胖与营养 k@~-|\ooG  
  1 、营养物质 2 9]8[Z,4  
  nutrient 营养素 X=hgLK^3<,  
  protein 蛋白质 ^"Y'zI L  
  fat 脂肪 BuYDw*.  
  glucose 葡萄糖 gv,T<A?Z2  
  vitamin 维生素 cjR.9bgn  
  sugar 糖类 WU4i-@Bm8  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 mx[^LaR>v  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 @r43F$bcqo  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 $O>@(K  
cholesterol胆固醇 M~Slc*_%  
F:g{rm[  
  2 、营养与饮食 NQJqS?^W&M  
  a well-balanced diet >(rB[ZJ  
  nutrition 营养 5{a( +'  
  nutritional 营养的 StL[\9~:  
J9FNjM[qe  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 55DzBV  
I3Lsj}69  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall #[W[ |m  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase E, fp=.  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; lnWi E}F  
4.       食品安全 food safety gk1S"H  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies N]}+F w\5  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to }tZAU\z  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ;8T=uCi  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system Q $0%~`t  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care .^S78hr]n  
10.   服务体系service system A cOZ^huK  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene E@6r{uZ#  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. bJF/daC5  
13.   清淡的lite k#5e:VOb  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ('-}"3  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN | a$w;s>\  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 /VO@>Hoh  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 0r ; nz]'  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease jgKL88J*\  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 7B\(r~f`t  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion SzlfA%4+GR  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" !TL}~D:J  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission @n X2*j*u  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D NND=Z xl  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 0o$HC86w  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness s]vJUC,s  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s H L|s pl(c  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse Rfc&OV  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to -0o6*?[Z  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – _#D\* 0J  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver .hlQ?\  
31.   血压 hypertension px }7If  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon \*%i#]wO@  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 bjPbl2K  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ )=E~CpKV  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 QYTTP6 Gz+  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health B.mbKntK)R  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds U 'CfP9=  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations Qyv'nx0=  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle {e swe  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 45)ogg2  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people <duBwkiG  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent >1r[]&8  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from XiRT|%j  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to - Y8ks7  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to T018)WrhL  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to P~\a)Szy  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive =X`]Ct8 Z  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak (K*/Vp  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly "$W |/vD+  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations b =K6IX;  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon hC|5e|S  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate %oh`EGmVP  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy ^Y{6;FJ   
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances P /c Q1  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance =!?[]>Dh  
56.   退休养老金retirement n AaVI%$  
57.   医疗改革health care reform Y ]~ HAv '  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity abROFI5.L  
59.   月经期menstrual period S O t *K+^I  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace &G-#*OG  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care #~H%[ s a  
62.   安乐死euthanasia dThR)Z'=  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill vzY'+9q1.  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ),cQUB  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient UAsF0&]  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. KInUe(g<9M  
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