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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 zd?bHcW/h  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 j09mI$2y67  
  1 、医生 |M[v493\  
  ① doctor, medical worker /uy&2l  
  ② physician 内科医生 uU8*$+ "  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 h-z%C6  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 o%kSR ]V|  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 0z#l0-NdQ  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 @/_XS4  
+ W V@o'  
  2 、医院 C!aX45eg  
  ① hospital n`FQgC  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 h#(.(d  
  The general hospital 普通医院 yrxx+z|wR  
  The community hospital 社区医院 Y;a6:>D%cT  
  The public hospital 公立医院 K9x*Sep  
  The private hospital 私立医院 +^^S'mP8  
  ② clinc 门诊 UiGUaBmF*  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 `^s]?  
  ③ ward 病房 :ofE8]  
④ medical team 医疗队 (P]^8qc  
GI'&g@?u  
3、 医疗手段 [)b/uR  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 ^)eessZ  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 K8Kz  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ;X9MA=b  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis o'= [<  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 S7\|/h:4  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | D6pEQdX`  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 `#IT24!  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 d~Z:$&r  
(9)              TCM 中医 kBDe*K.V  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 cwDD(j  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 ^q4:zZZ  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 r*  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 a3E*%G  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ><Mbea=U+  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; )}zA,FOA*  
`6l24_eKf  
  4 、医疗体制 TF ([yZO'  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 wTJMq`sY_  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 wtgO;w  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 Zj /H3,7  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 |[n|=ORI'  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 4HYH\ey  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 A`r$fCt1Vi  
sO f)/19  
  5 、医德 enfu%"(K)  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 5xn0U5U  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 |RbUmuj  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 uJAB)ti2I  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 9#=IrlV4  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 V[2<ha[n>  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 *^$N $t/2  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 !C)>  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 5'}!v  
vXWESy  
  6 、病人 ;U:o'9^9T  
  (1 )patient +Y%I0.?&5  
  (2 )the sick &^Q ~G>A  
  (3 )the invalid :\HN?_?{4  
  (4) sufferer .dq.F#2B;  
   u*YuU%H=  
(二)疾病  x+j/v5  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 9~ .BH;ku  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) T?$?5  
  (2) contract (v ) a/xCl :=8q  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 F u=VY{U4  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 :zk .^q  
PyJblW  
  2 、必知疾病名称 \$++ .%0  
  heart disease 心脏病 Sf8Xj |u  
  hypertension 高血压 a\.? {/  
  kidney problem 肾病 e @MCumc~+  
  stroke 中风 =>TtX@Q{  
    shock 休克 8XX TN@&,  
  the blood pressure 血压 hYQ%|CBXBR  
  diabetes 糖尿病 6 v#sq  
  obesity 肥胖 %x)U 8  
  terminal illness 绝症 Z\yLzy#8  
  incurable illness 不治之症 5_T>HHR 6  
  cancer 癌症 B,qZwc|  
  tumor 肿瘤 W5yu`Br  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 G&B}jj   
  emergency case 急症 tg4&j$  
  serious illness 重症 Fgq*3t  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 .jU0Hu{F4  
  short breath 短气 AZP >\Dq  
  syndrome 综合症 um4zLsd#v  
  complications 并发症 VZl0)YLK  
  process 病程 J*k =|+[  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 Rla*hc~  
short-sighted (adj)近视 7E t(p'  
BuO J0$  
  3、传染病 at nbM:t  
  (1) 感染源 (8/xSOZ[  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 R9HS%O6b6  
  (2 )传染疾病 ?  =Qg  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 TW? MS em  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 TUCp mj  
  infection contagion 传染病 2(xKE_|  
  infectious diseases 传染病 ,o6:  V]a  
  AIDS 艾滋病 cM Kh +r  
  SARS NV~i4R*#  
  (3) 传染 {[#  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 %^A++Z$`  
  block the channel (v) ^DJ U99  
  disseminate 传播 !9Ni[8&Fg0  
cross infection 交叉感染 *Ux"3IXO  
6 d6SP)|j  
  5 、疾病、病痛 yx4c+(J^8  
  illness j(N9%/4u  
  sickness j R:Fih-}  
  disease SJ e;T  
  ailment SesO$=y  
suffering J]e&z5c  
P40eK0 e6  
  6 、疾病的转归 w=5qth7  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 =@ RVLml  
  recover recovery zc5_;!t  
  recuperate X[}%iEWzT  
  resume n_Dhq(.  
  recruit $tJJ >"  
  reinstate (6b%;2k  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 L x&ZWF$  
  deteriorate .`9KB3  
  aggravate nXjUTSGa)  
  exasperate HF:PF"|3  
  make worse ;DpK* A  
  worsen Zl*!pQ  
   oB@C-(M  
    7、其他相关词汇 a6OT2B  
  outbreak and spending u""= 9>0  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ~gD'up@$/  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 Z^ 3Risi  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 -1:asM7  
  taboo 禁忌 @AFLFX]  
  speed up blood circulation (v) ub&1L_K  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) ~Q0}> m,S  
  side effects 副反应 ~cz t=  
complain of 主述 @\a- =  
QK\z-'&n  
   ,&$Y2+  
(三)药物 p#w,+)1!d  
  1 、药物名称 5sH ee,  
  medicine w,&RHQB  
  drug D+U^ pl-  
  remedy 7RZ7q@@fgh  
  medicinal herbs 9bB~r[k  
  power vzU%5,  
  tablet Tr8+E;;  
pill Kt-@a%O0  
JQb]mU%?  
  2 、药物用法 VC@o]t5  
  开药 : mEGMe@37  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases Pz?O_@Ln  
  write out a proscription JGtdbD?Fw  
  服药 ? DPL7  
  take a medicine c09uCito  
  治…的疾病 >y?$aJ8ZV  
a remedy for some diseases Bn.8wMB  
SF6n06UZu  
3 、其他相关词汇 "}n]0 >J  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 QAR<.zXvP  
  side effects 副反应 MKbW^:  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 -6? 5|\  
  drugstore 药房 i}!CY@sW  
  over the counter 非处方药 $V[ob   
  drug allergy 药物过敏 js{ RaR=  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 (qaY,>je]D  
  prescription 处方 ,QK>e;:Be  
  expenses for medicine 药费 EfOJ%Xr[,l  
  charges for medicine TY? Fs-  
drug rebate 药品回扣 g;-CAd5  
JLjx4B\  
   t ({:TQ  
(四)心理疾病 \=.iM?T  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 us/x.qPy2  
  subhealth 亚健康 7y:J@fh<  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 hp)3@&T  
  psychological problem 心理问题 1:8ZS  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 zg Lm~  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 :Bl $c,J  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 $} ~:x_[  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 d8av`m  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 P! :D2zSH_  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 BwbvZfV|  
psychological expert 心理专家 q K]Wk+  
(}'0K?  
  2 、情绪词汇 s I#K01;"  
  overcome z55P~p  
  disappoint GQq2;%RrF  
  disappointed JPmW0wM  
  shy , A07FjT5w8  
  flush rNdap*.  
  frustration rqifjsv  
  failure $6R<)]6  
  willpower jyt fGE:  
  optimism iGM-#{5  
  optimistic {=pf#E=  
  be sensitive to V*LpO 8=  
  nervous c/b} 39X  
  tensional 0Bb amU  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic IX$ $pdQ  
  confident confidence /&a[D 2  
  stress pressure Q@nxGm  
  depress depressed Za5*HCo  
  depression depressive c1Xt$[_  
   qa2QS._m  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 LsoP >vJG  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary "4zTP!Ow  
   (Jy7  
(五)肥胖与营养 ohOze\T)=  
  1 、营养物质 BNnGtVAbZ  
  nutrient 营养素 S!0<aFh  
  protein 蛋白质 YOd 0dKe  
  fat 脂肪 9ssTG4Sa  
  glucose 葡萄糖 ^3^n|T7le  
  vitamin 维生素 ^g"G1,[%w  
  sugar 糖类 b[%sKl  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 "l"zbW WOH  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 q n5e[Vn  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 #"|</*% >  
cholesterol胆固醇 P{ h;2b{  
KY~p>Jmh  
  2 、营养与饮食 i7 _Nv  
  a well-balanced diet G>& Tap>  
  nutrition 营养 '[Ap/:/UY  
  nutritional 营养的 % put=I  
Up*1j:_O  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 NCR 4n_  
VRV*\*~$  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall WT;4J<O/  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase v'na{"  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; (&t741DN|  
4.       食品安全 food safety "*UN\VV+s  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies RdaAS{>Sk  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to ldk (zAB.  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU g^ .g9"  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system &.^(, pt  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care mUSrCU_}  
10.   服务体系service system A s 2F<H#  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene :x88  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. w1U2cbCr/  
13.   清淡的lite 9bu}@#4*  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ),cozN=NM  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN W;L<zFFbU)  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 I "Qf};n  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; $[(amj-;l  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease eV(nexE  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; v\lhbpk  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion zP554Gr?  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" *~Y$8!ad  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission =f~8"j  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D /Uxp5 b h  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate ;[nomxu|?  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness X 8/9x-E_  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s oyw*Z_9~  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse "R<c  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to &,*G}6wa;&  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – b6(LoN.  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver W0-KFo.'  
31.   血压 hypertension "%zb>`1s  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon kz!CxI (  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 [k~}Fe) x  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ s2f6;Yc  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 LC>bZ!(i#  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ~SzHIVj:6  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Q$bi:EyJXc  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations PP*',D3  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Ot<vn34mt:  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 *DDqa?gQb  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people X;/5Niv32q  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent ztEM>xsk  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from N+N98~Y`P  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to $eu-8E'  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to XM#xxf* Y  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to 1 !8 b9  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive hU|TP3*  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak ']&rPv kL  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly F1A7l"X]  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ^yFtL( x,  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon y_ :~  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate 6%A_PP3Z  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy ^[g7B"`K5  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances 5H^"  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance s(0"r.  
56.   退休养老金retirement n $8{v_2C){  
57.   医疗改革health care reform Q!R eA{  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity ;oM7H*W C  
59.   月经期menstrual period S (:r80:  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ym*oCfu=  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care efrVF5,y?  
62.   安乐死euthanasia (x!Tb2mlk  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 2A(?9 R9&h  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! G$oi>zt3  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient MO%kUq|pg  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ;7*R;/  
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