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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 1{uDHB  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 S)AE   
  1 、医生 ph$&f0A6Xc  
  ① doctor, medical worker s-YV_  
  ② physician 内科医生 CBgFB-!qpe  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 "N[gMp6U  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 B'#gs'fl  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 P^{`d_[K%  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 oCru5F  
(^OC%pc  
  2 、医院 MrygEC 5  
  ① hospital 'kONb  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 u/{_0-+P  
  The general hospital 普通医院 0O 9 Lg}  
  The community hospital 社区医院 L[9+xK^g  
  The public hospital 公立医院 cF>;f(X  
  The private hospital 私立医院 @eD~FNf-]  
  ② clinc 门诊 *{n,4d\..  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 <P)%Ms  
  ③ ward 病房 ,2L,>?r6  
④ medical team 医疗队 ri.|EmH2:D  
Y&Nv>o_}5  
3、 医疗手段 &[\arwe)  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 AT8,9  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 !c;p4B)  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 p<.!::*%(  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis kys-~&@+  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 wB 0WR  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | Czl 8Q oH  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 &b:Zln.j  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 !{- 3:N7  
(9)              TCM 中医 ~1z8G>R  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 pc(9(. |  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 u(Q(UuI  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 t"m`P1  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 R(#;yn  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 _J#Hq 'K  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; zL=I-fVq  
1>*<K/\qg  
  4 、医疗体制 A.*nDl`H  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制  o?x|y   
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 +2enz!z#k  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 z^a?t<+  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 0md{e`'q:  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 sm <kb@g  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 .}opmI  
aj~@r3E ;  
  5 、医德 xL#oP0d<e  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 bpCe&*\6K  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 %6?}gc_  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 U9%nku4  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 |#,W3Ik(l  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 -i gZU>0B_  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 p 8rAtz>=J  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 3hjwwLKG$  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people U5s]dUs (  
)^xmy6k  
  6 、病人 ZPFTNwf  
  (1 )patient f2XD^:Gc  
  (2 )the sick mSp7H!  
  (3 )the invalid {[#  
  (4) sufferer %^A++Z$`  
   Jx7^|A  
(二)疾病 _JB3+0@  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 "a H]4DO  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) gW%(_H mX  
  (2) contract (v ) b&&'b )  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 cE?J]5#^  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 I>|?B( F  
}7^*%$  
  2 、必知疾病名称 (C waO m{g  
  heart disease 心脏病 Nzt1JHRS  
  hypertension 高血压 P]^] T}5  
  kidney problem 肾病 \6L=^q=  
  stroke 中风 S d -+a  
    shock 休克 g Q^]/X  
  the blood pressure 血压 &-tf/qJ  
  diabetes 糖尿病 1Zzw|@#>o  
  obesity 肥胖 y+<HS]vyV  
  terminal illness 绝症 ;anG F0x  
  incurable illness 不治之症 D:0PppE  
  cancer 癌症 ':@qE\(  
  tumor 肿瘤 j/\XeG>  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 xR3A4m  
  emergency case 急症 :7zI!edu  
  serious illness 重症 c{q`uI;O  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 lw{|~m5`  
  short breath 短气 9yPB)&"EF  
  syndrome 综合症 hJM0A3(Cm  
  complications 并发症 i)ctrdP-  
  process 病程  ?auiq  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 cE[lB08  
short-sighted (adj)近视 _!ed.h.r:  
C}Q2UK-:  
  3、传染病 ' wEP:}  
  (1) 感染源 wl4yN C  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 Q2o:wXvj  
  (2 )传染疾病 RPu-E9g@  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 YH9BJ  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 [F$3mzx  
  infection contagion 传染病 j!l(ReGb  
  infectious diseases 传染病 N Jf''e3  
  AIDS 艾滋病 //(c 1/s  
  SARS cVMTT]cj1  
  (3) 传染 R;%iu0  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 :c>,=FUT  
  block the channel (v) ROS0Q9X  
  disseminate 传播 PSE![whK  
cross infection 交叉感染 f"Z2&Y@  
\n5,!,A  
  5 、疾病、病痛 n~h%K7 c  
  illness Gs%kqD{=  
  sickness B0:O]Ax6.^  
  disease LakP'P6`E  
  ailment V\_ &2',t  
suffering 9Ah4N2nL-b  
|G1U $p  
  6 、疾病的转归 > ,[(icyzn  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 #pZ3xa3R  
  recover recovery /N $T[  
  recuperate ~[C m#c  
  resume UwLa9Dn^  
  recruit =hA/;  
  reinstate 6|zA,-=  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 Co'dZd(  
  deteriorate 6 R!0v8  
  aggravate # RtrHm  
  exasperate j9Lc2'  
  make worse /h_BF\VBs  
  worsen aJu b("  
   'p<(6*,"  
    7、其他相关词汇 6 ,!]x>B  
  outbreak and spending k @[Bx>  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 mF "ctxE  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 o/Z?/alt4  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 RJ0w3T]7  
  taboo 禁忌 lOVsp#  
  speed up blood circulation (v) uoF9&j5E@Z  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) n#4Ra+dD  
  side effects 副反应 A;h~Fx6s  
complain of 主述 f@Db._ E  
myH#.$=A  
   %KqXtc`O  
(三)药物 <CeDIX t  
  1 、药物名称 ^!=+$@<  
  medicine a 6[bF  
  drug ucyxvhH^-  
  remedy ?L'ijzP  
  medicinal herbs pm^[ve  
  power OD{Rh(Id  
  tablet z1s9[5  
pill Tf` ~=fg%  
?!b}Ir<1j  
  2 、药物用法 \!`*F :7]-  
  开药 : lr=*Ty(V  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases 7u0!Q\  
  write out a proscription dKhDO`.s  
  服药 {R\"x|  
  take a medicine &vo]l~ .  
  治…的疾病 >AJtoJ=j  
a remedy for some diseases yo3'\I  
RaKL KZn  
3 、其他相关词汇 a,! c6'QE  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 >tYptRP  
  side effects 副反应 [ q22?kT  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 [T.kwQf4$  
  drugstore 药房 xrS;06$  
  over the counter 非处方药 u9_ Fjm}&  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 g#W)EXUR  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 eE+zL ~CE  
  prescription 处方 ]& jXD=a"  
  expenses for medicine 药费 V_$BZm%8J  
  charges for medicine FlttqQQdf  
drug rebate 药品回扣 >XM-xK-=  
9Y3_.qa(.  
   %[l5){:05  
(四)心理疾病 k7'_  
  1 、心理学专业词汇  km|;T!  
  subhealth 亚健康 W c{<DE?J  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 M| :wC  
  psychological problem 心理问题 Ys|tGU  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 KY~p>Jmh  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 7jQOwzj  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍  olB?"M=H  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ?Id3#+-O  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 @G@,)`p4?  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 n6Je5fE  
psychological expert 心理专家 ?);6]"k:3  
jdqVS@SD  
  2 、情绪词汇 l 8qCg/ew  
  overcome M_ lQ^7/  
  disappoint z~\a]MB  
  disappointed Up*1j:_O  
  shy , I]+xerVd  
  flush aDce Ohfx  
  frustration jM]B\cvN  
  failure 33IJbg  
  willpower Jh`Pq,B:  
  optimism Fjch<gAofS  
  optimistic BPs|qb-  
  be sensitive to Hz~?"ts@;  
  nervous q$RJ3{Sf  
  tensional 69/aP=  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic Se~< Vpo  
  confident confidence PIOG| E  
  stress pressure \vwsRT 1  
  depress depressed l ld,&N8  
  depression depressive T6mbGE*IeE  
   oE/g) m%  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 9lXjB_wG>  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary \"k[y+O],4  
   8.JFQ/) i  
(五)肥胖与营养 @2(7 ZxI  
  1 、营养物质 n92*:Y  
  nutrient 营养素 q~:H>;:G-  
  protein 蛋白质 w1 ;:B%!H  
  fat 脂肪 M9~eDw'Pr  
  glucose 葡萄糖 0nOkQVMk>  
  vitamin 维生素 3(o}ulp  
  sugar 糖类 0c}pg:XT  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 0+3_CS++r  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 5z/*/F=X  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 mM#[XKOC<  
cholesterol胆固醇 [KcF0%a  
Kx4_`;>  
  2 、营养与饮食 =`st1K  
  a well-balanced diet n3z]&J5fr  
  nutrition 营养 TKH!,Ow9A  
  nutritional 营养的 npCiqO  
!=)b2}e/>  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 u=QG%O#B  
C}'Tmi  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall %VH{bpS|i:  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase (J6>]MZ#)  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; HuI?kLfj\  
4.       食品安全 food safety 5mq wNAv  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies F`Ld WA  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to [ !<  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU :aHLr[%Mz  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system b'O>qQ  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care <* Bk.>f!  
10.   服务体系service system A {t%Jc~p{  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene VN/v]  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. %G`GdG}T  
13.   清淡的lite h_y; NB(w  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet ~PZIYG"D  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN <=Z`]8  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 dd-`/A @  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; &;2@*#,  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease `#3FvP@&  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; BM>'w,$KL  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion [/V i*Z  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" i_{b *o_an  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission [bh8Nj\E  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D WNO!6*+  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 2tqj]i  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness f=--$o0U~  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s J/xbMMb   
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse c( 8>|^M  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to WlHK  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – IBm"VCg{Ew  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver _j sJS<21  
31.   血压 hypertension [k{2)g  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon Q:^.Qs"IK  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8   !XQq*  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ _eZ *_H,\  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 ~]V}wZt>h  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health vAcxca">S  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds sLze/D_M*  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations tl"?AQcBR  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle fWs@ZCt  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 R5& R ~1N  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people V.|#2gC]t  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent /8Ru O  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from %CIRN}  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to h/pm$9A  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to AU 4K$hC^  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to z(eAhK}6?  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive SX]uIkw  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak wfQ^3HL  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly ~-f"&@){,  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations _lMSW6  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon G$A=Tu~  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate h>"j!|#!s  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy EE5mVC&  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances @@V{W)r l  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance N4)ZPLV  
56.   退休养老金retirement n *!^l ZpF  
57.   医疗改革health care reform "cz'|z`  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity * zt?y  
59.   月经期menstrual period S {Jc.49  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ; <l#k7/  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 2D2} *);eW  
62.   安乐死euthanasia }D[j6+E  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill i:60|ngK  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 5m2f\^U  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 2EiE5@  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. TW6F9}'f&  
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