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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类  T_uuFL  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 ;$QJnQ"R  
  1 、医生  ~^S-  
  ① doctor, medical worker mSfhl(<L  
  ② physician 内科医生 [ q&J"dt  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 pJz8e&wyLM  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 l8-jFeeMd  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 AG7}$O.  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 p L@zZK0  
;ZJ,l)BNO  
  2 、医院 *u/|NU&X  
  ① hospital F9\Ot^~  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 shT[|@" C  
  The general hospital 普通医院 <6C9R>  
  The community hospital 社区医院 ?+5{HFx  
  The public hospital 公立医院 rcx;3Vne  
  The private hospital 私立医院 dV{Hn {(  
  ② clinc 门诊 wW8 6rB  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 Vb^s 'k  
  ③ ward 病房 0> =)  
④ medical team 医疗队 ?d<:V.1U@  
@$d\5Q(G  
3、 医疗手段 "g%:#'5  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 O'-Zn]@.]  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 Nf'dT;s.N  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 MLBg_<  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis yvWzc uL#  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 +?Jk@lE<  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | V`,[=u?c  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 -`dxx)x  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 CY3\:D0I  
(9)              TCM 中医 N~5WA3xd  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 C.eV|rc@T  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 7e4tUAiuU  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ru/zLj:  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 +< \cd9  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 ;Nf hKu%K  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; \kV7NA  
]2\2/~l  
  4 、医疗体制 ).+xcv   
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 3]`qnSYBv  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 -{8Q= N  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 j+13H+dN  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 DAMpR3  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 y>7VxX0xi  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 F*4Qa  
Tc3ih~LvG  
  5 、医德 R!/,E  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 W}R=  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 Nx4DC  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 &FJU%tFA  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 P96Cw~<Q?  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 y13CR2t6  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 !QQ<Ai!E  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 .}$`+h8W T  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ]O[+c*|w  
dS3>q<J*a  
  6 、病人 xyS2_Q  
  (1 )patient )~?S0]j}  
  (2 )the sick 0i`v:Lq%  
  (3 )the invalid f#;ubfi"z  
  (4) sufferer $LxG>db  
   h=v[i!U-eY  
(二)疾病 ^^4K/XBve  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 Jm]]>K8.3V  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) Io,/ +#|  
  (2) contract (v ) q#Yg0w~  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 GG@I!2,_  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 w| -0@  
' FPcAW^8  
  2 、必知疾病名称 -+ ]T77r  
  heart disease 心脏病 k\mXo-:V6  
  hypertension 高血压 {*M>X}voS  
  kidney problem 肾病 3ZW/$KP/  
  stroke 中风 r%Q8)nEo  
    shock 休克 ~J:$gu~`  
  the blood pressure 血压 3D?IG\3  
  diabetes 糖尿病 dDv{9D,  
  obesity 肥胖 a<57(Sf  
  terminal illness 绝症 ( !3Yc:~RE  
  incurable illness 不治之症 vI pO/m.3  
  cancer 癌症 $n=W2WJ6f  
  tumor 肿瘤 kz7vbY  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 vKU]80T  
  emergency case 急症 ]97Xu_  
  serious illness 重症 di]$dl|Wi  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ql{^"8x  
  short breath 短气 (ZE%tbm2  
  syndrome 综合症 1?D8|<  
  complications 并发症 { &\J)oZ  
  process 病程 ".~Mm F  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 s0C?Bb}?  
short-sighted (adj)近视 -{yDk$"  
FX7Cjo#=R  
  3、传染病 2k.S[?)  
  (1) 感染源 *fxep08B  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 x><zGXvvp|  
  (2 )传染疾病 5S&aI{;9<  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 w"fCI 13  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 v;)BVv  
  infection contagion 传染病 v t^r1j  
  infectious diseases 传染病 S[-.tvI;Q  
  AIDS 艾滋病 &M0o&C-1/  
  SARS Y;fuh[#  
  (3) 传染 y,'FTP9?  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 #Y;.>mF  
  block the channel (v) mBw2  
  disseminate 传播 M.o?CX'  
cross infection 交叉感染 =^Bq WC2~  
cj$,ob&DX  
  5 、疾病、病痛 !Bag}|#  
  illness <2n'}&F  
  sickness cNdu.c[@  
  disease p])D)FsMB  
  ailment M#=Y~PU  
suffering $`^H:Djr  
B#J{F  
  6 、疾病的转归 Bfbl#ZkyL  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 j1'\R+4U  
  recover recovery Q]!6uA$A  
  recuperate wG_4$kyj  
  resume cB{%u '  
  recruit |__d 8a  
  reinstate 0 9tikj1  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 ! &Z*yH  
  deteriorate O\%j56Bf  
  aggravate bSQ_"  
  exasperate "_t4F4z  
  make worse cvxIp#FbW  
  worsen `$H7KIG  
   TV? ^c?{5  
    7、其他相关词汇 #U\$@4D  
  outbreak and spending Pv#KmSA9  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 yj>) {NcX  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 M\I_{Q?_  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 E`~i-kf  
  taboo 禁忌 /({P1ti:C  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 8*vFdoE_oO  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) @#A!w;bz  
  side effects 副反应 g2A"1w<-AH  
complain of 主述 -7&?@M,u  
*g*VCO  
   )t 5;d  
(三)药物 ,|A{!j`  
  1 、药物名称 KA?v .s  
  medicine 7O"hiDQ  
  drug /Ad6+cY  
  remedy XYMxG:  
  medicinal herbs yYg   
  power >C:If0S4X  
  tablet M= atls  
pill CPVmF$A-  
G#|Hu;C6"  
  2 、药物用法 kwO eHdV^  
  开药 : ;c$@@ l  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases a/:]"`)  
  write out a proscription bK?MT]%}r  
  服药 0_Lm#fE U  
  take a medicine Rh[Ibm56  
  治…的疾病 >GmN~"iJ  
a remedy for some diseases ",T` \8&@e  
>J>>\Y(p  
3 、其他相关词汇 P sp^@  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 xFU5\Zuw  
  side effects 副反应 x_k S g  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 Hk~k@Wft  
  drugstore 药房 4j{oaey  
  over the counter 非处方药 R2CQXhiJ  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 Fav ^^vf*1  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 =tnTdp0F  
  prescription 处方 m9woredS,  
  expenses for medicine 药费 }I]W'<jY  
  charges for medicine GZ"&L?ti  
drug rebate 药品回扣 mbGcDG[HQ  
l=xt;c!  
   bs BZ E  
(四)心理疾病 0 7\02f  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 i%MA"I\9  
  subhealth 亚健康 fx]eDA|$e  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 O) 1E$#~  
  psychological problem 心理问题 <XvYa{t]{  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 A4 5m)wQ  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 3p&jLFphL  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 06jMj26!  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 p/3BD&6  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 d/lffNS=  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 UGCox-W"  
psychological expert 心理专家 _Z.cMYN  
m:3J!1  
  2 、情绪词汇 jq[x DwPG  
  overcome Fg4@On[,i  
  disappoint !UcOl0"6  
  disappointed 5 q65nF  
  shy , g|4w8ry  
  flush Cg3ODfe  
  frustration wV:C<Mg7q  
  failure `kPc!I7Y  
  willpower ;ctU&`  
  optimism B2(,~^39  
  optimistic LABNj{=D!  
  be sensitive to g z4UV/qr/  
  nervous 4.'JLArw  
  tensional Egf^H>,.M  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic fGTO Ii@#  
  confident confidence -TS? fne)  
  stress pressure ) Fx ?%  
  depress depressed "Yb y  
  depression depressive [O 1|75  
   oCuV9dA.  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 2yxi= XWZ  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary c3W BALdh  
   `)tA YH  
(五)肥胖与营养 H#Q;"r3  
  1 、营养物质 zmbZ  
  nutrient 营养素 "-0;#&!  
  protein 蛋白质 v|&s4x?D  
  fat 脂肪 mp:m`sh*i  
  glucose 葡萄糖 K'Spbn!nC  
  vitamin 维生素 v20~^gKo=m  
  sugar 糖类 =~J fVozU  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 Noz&noq  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 $ eX*  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 x8/us  
cholesterol胆固醇 lwJipIO  
ZAeQ~ j~  
  2 、营养与饮食 +'%\Pr(  
  a well-balanced diet GA@ Ue9  
  nutrition 营养 5#!ogKQ(i  
  nutritional 营养的 [gZDQcU  
GX5W^//}  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 T V;BNCg  
Sn ^Aud  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall l&|)O6N  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase \JU{xQMB  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; "kr,x3 =  
4.       食品安全 food safety L#ZLawG  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies @h(!<Ux_  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to [Xh\m DU.  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU  f`J|>Vk  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system l5HWZs^  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 5 0,Y  
10.   服务体系service system A `p1DaV  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene <I 1y  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. v F[CWV.  
13.   清淡的lite { +\'bIV[  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet bg1un@%!l  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN ~d>uXrb  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 G4m4k  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; {,Fcd(MU  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease .+vd6Uc5a  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; %A2`&:ip  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 1 7i$8  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" N]u2ql&  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission Y-]YDXrPQ  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D `#U ]iwW!  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate R+F,H`  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness uP Rl[tS0  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s pg!`SxFD  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse |!xpYT:  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 3&9zGy{V+  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – JT#7yetk'  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver esteFLm`6  
31.   血压 hypertension Wvb Eh|y  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon hb<k]-'!  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 V4EM5 Z\k  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ |K)p]i+  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 QXB|!'  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health ?~ ?H dv  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds dr{1CP  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations c"qPTjY  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle X\mz+al>[  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 f,JX"  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people ke^d8Z.  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent :Dj#VN  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from c(E,&{+E  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to o"\{OX  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to E#a ZvE  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to N|$5/bV  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 8(^ ,r#Gy  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak N2% :h;tf  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly mV%h[~-  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ~hzEKvs  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon IW mHp]  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate x RB7lV*  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy  VmYBa(  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances CZ2iJy  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance ^9s"FdB]24  
56.   退休养老金retirement n /0l-mfRr  
57.   医疗改革health care reform Qj:{p5H'  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity xh`Du|jvm  
59.   月经期menstrual period S Q~b_dx{m  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace Stt* 1gT  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 38"cbHE3  
62.   安乐死euthanasia `[ &v  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill [m %W :Ez  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! P.!;Uf}32  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient -C=]n<ak  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. p#z;cjfSt  
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