中国海洋大学2005年考博英语真题 vfv5ex(
PARTⅠ Cloze (15) c}QJ-I
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Blacken the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen on your Answer Sheet. t~M<j|]k
At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As
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a result, cultural scripts about marriage have Undergone change. One of the more obvious 1 pMB=iS<E
has occurred in the roles that women 2 Women have moved into the world of work and have >o} ati
become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 3 maintaining their family roles .of 5HbTgNI
nurturing and creating a (n) 4 that is a haven for all family members. 5 many women # 0!IUSa
experience strain from trying to "do it all," they often enjoy .the increased 6 that can result U]D.z}0
from playing multiple roles. As women's roles have changed, changing expectations about -7O/ed+
men's roles have become more 7 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 8
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the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is in the '&QT
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emotional 9 of family life. Men are increasingly 10 to meet the emotional needs of their \!QF9dP4
families, 11 their wives. >>bYg
In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Researeh on 12 marriage has changed over recent aecades points to the increasing, importance of the emotional side of-the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the e emotion work" 13 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 14 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men's and women's roles are becoming increasingly more 15 . "J5Pwvs-
1. A. incidents B. changes C. results D. effects H ZLOn
2. A. take B. do C. play D. show 48g^~{T4O
3. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus qE72(#:R*
4. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise zzQH@D1
5. A. When B: Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless &&]!+fTZ\(
6. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes {@
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7. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent R$fIb}PDr
8. A. as B. of C. from D. for 3Gl]g/
9. A. section B constituent: C. domain D. point N&ql(#r
10. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted W79A4l<
11. A. not to mention B. as well as ba9<(0`
Cincluding D. especially . ]GtR8w@w
12. A. how B. what C. why D. if i>Bi&azx
13 A. but B. only. C. enough D. necessary K2rS[Kdfaq
14. A. unless B. although C. where D. because =P;;&j3Z
15. A. pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable 9T,QWk
PART Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30) <Ihed|
Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. f
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Passage 1 To8v#.i
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The fast lighthouse was put tip by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid forand maintained by "light dues" levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colonic. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses. }
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The first eight erected on the West Coast in the 1850's featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though., lighthouses reflected a Variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were built.on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others "of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts: some were fastened to rock with iron rods. "Farther south, from Marylandthreugh the Florida Keys, thecoast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there -- massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras. North Carolina. lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country. g}
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NOt withstanding differences in appearance and construction, mostAmerican lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters, and sometimes a bell ( or, later; a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a keeper and, usually, the keeper's family. The keeper's essential task was trimming the lantern (freekaobo.com)wick in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life --- they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands -- and appoint ments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of. the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional. #Wm@&|U
16 What is the best tide for the passage? FV6he[,
A. The Lighthouse on Little Brewster Island Pv-V7`{
B: The Life of a Lighthouse Keeper @oqi@&L'C
C.Early Lighthouses .in the United States {.D2ON
D. The Modem Profession of Lighthouse-Keeping uU ?37V
17. Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Bd oC6H
A. It was. the headquarters of the Untied States Lighthouse Board. )Kk(P/s
B. Many of the tauest.lighthouses were built there. <#p|z`N
C. The first lantern wicks were developed there. aBVEk2 p
D. The first lighthouse in North America was built there. ,Z*3,/a
18. It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because . UGC|C F2K
A. ship there had high masts $|cp;~ 1
B. coastal waters were safe af?\kBm
C. the coast was straight and unobstructed tY$ty0y-e
D. the lighthouse were built on high places 8/>wgY
19. According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found? nA_
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A, Little Brewster Island `m@]
B. The Florida Keys Zn<(,e
C. Cape Hatteras }Uwkef.Q
D. Cape cod ,+NE: _
20. In the second sentence of paragraph 3 , which of the following does the word "They" refer to? (|36!-(iK
A. Lighthouses .i3lG(
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B.Differences PQ&Q71
C. Quarters C{`^9J-
D. Features v/aPiFlw
Passage 2 RvPniT(<?
Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological dock {7K'<ti
tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to \C+*loLs
leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It gI^L
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controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams.these natural daily M}=s3[d(,
events are circadian rhythms.
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Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of Mz/]D J8
Circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer. Jean-Jacques -TK|Y"
d'Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every Nl$gU3kL
morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept J8GXI :y
it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms .in humans. e(OwS?K
They learned that man's biological clock actually keeps time with-a day of-a litde less than 25
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hours instead of the 24 hours On a man-made clock. About four years ago an American doctor, 6?3/Ul}
Eliot. Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in 1a($8>
his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their L,Ao.?j
circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for =_$XP
common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is YVQ_tCC_!
in the Monteflore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in TIcd
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each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or ~_DF06G
television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, Af2=qe
one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area; The 0t#NMW
instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in ]}mly`Fw
the urine and brain waves during sleep. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control Q!4i_)rM
room 24 hours a day during an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not `3f_d}b
permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the 82j'MgGP
first four years of research, Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the +R|U4`12
ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, OOEV-=
a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper, Dava Sobol, became the first woman to 9
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tare part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. 1a7!4)\
Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the AuoxZ?V
Newspaper. $7Jfb<y
21. The biological clock is believed to play an essential role in YniZ(
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A. the regulation of body temperature
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B. the secretion of hormones 7cIC&(h5
C. animal reproduction Hu<p?mF#
D. many aspects of plant and animal physiology , z7-`Y9Ypd
22 In his observation, the French scientist noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained VLf
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its opening-and-closing cycles Dc5bkm
A. even when it was kept in a murky place all day c]6V"Bo}A
B. even if it was placed in the moonlight 'I&|1I^
C. even when he was observing it from a dark place z)5S^{(
D. even during the night time sC% b~
23 The sentence "They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. " (In >R( 8/#|E
Paragraph 4) probably means .
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A. They can lead their daily lives according to their biological clocks, without referring to ]\OWZ{T'j
a man-made clock. tC2N>C[N
B. They can listen to the wonderful rhythms of the biological clock and live close to them, _)Qy4[S=d
C. They can live by regulating their.own circadian rhythms~ Y5HfN[u^7
D. They are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life. Yy]T
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24. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is.on duty does not work j8
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the same time each day NjbwGcH%\
A. in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times 7U,k 2LS
B. so as not to he recognized by the people kGm:VYf%
C. so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work So#dJ>
D. so as to leave the people's circadian rhythms in disorder o
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25. What is Mr. Weitzman's ultimate purpose of establishing a laboratory? .8]Y-
A. He wanted, to have his experiment report published in the. newspapers `K w7"
B. People are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms yIOLs}!SF
C. He wanted to find a way to treat people's diseases-. P<u"97@8a
D. He could gain some reputation for the first scientific observation of circadian NgHpIonC
26. Miss Sobo1 left the laboratory Ivsb<qzG
A. on June 13th B. on June 25th B20_ig:
C. at the end of June D. on July 7th 2/@D7>F&g
passage 3 .. R uLvG+
There is confused notion in the minds of many persons, that the gafhering of the property .j
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of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in who,sever hands it may be, QsOhz
it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the poor again. This .fallacy has been L~dC(J)@ZI
again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made M-Y0xWs
for blackmail; or any other form of robbery. It might be (though practically it never is) as noC?k }M
advantageous for the nation that the ~robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbed should have spent it. But thisis no excuse for the theft. If I were to put 7 jjU
a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every
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passenger, the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to arty pleas on my F6W}mMZH/N
part that it was as advantageous to them, in the end, that I should spent their shillings, as that <qhBc:kc
they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a turnpike, I can only persuade zE`R,:VI
them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any "other useless thing, out of my ground, I DZe}y^F
may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be, thanked as a public benefactor and promoter }>&KUl
of commerCial prosperity. And. this main question for the poor of England-for the poor of all B,_`btJh
countriesis whelly omitted in every treastise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers %jEY3q
themselves, the operation of capital is regarded 0nlY in its effect on their immediate interests, We}lx{E
never in the far more terrific power of-its appointment .of the kind and the object-of labor, It |;u}sX1t9
matters little, "ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything, but it matters F>+2DlA`<e
fearfully what the thing is which..he is compelled to make, If his labor is so ordered as to produce o2=A0ogz?
food,, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low; the food and the flesh air nxaT.uFd1
and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them_ But if he is paid to destroy food and \iU] s\{).
fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and.air will finally not be there, and 5|w&dM
he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in political as in n#*`!#
household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as |NrrTN?>
what you will buy With it and do with it. 8g*hvPc
27. We may infer that the author probably lived in the . * Msr15
A. 1960's in the United States. :gI.l1
B. early days of British industrialization.
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C. 18th-century France. dqe7s Zl!
D. Golden Age of Greece. 1;&;5
28. It can be inferred that the author probably favors . zgKY4R{V
A. capitalism. otr>3a*'
B. totalitarianism. .Q&rfH3
C. socialism. 61_f3S(u
D. anarchism. 2~c~{ jl\
29. According.to the passage, the individual should be particularly concerned with . ]gEhE
A. how much wealth he can accumulate. #S5`Pd!I
B. the acquisition of land property rather than money. ' #[ -\lU|
C. charging the customer a fair price. N/~N7Mw
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D. the quality of goods Which he put chases with his funds. 2 x4=
E. working as hard as possible. I@ \#up}
3 0 The passage implies that . V"RpH,
A. "All's well that ends Well." [-w@.^:]X
B. "It is getter late than never. " l@~LV}BI
C. "He who steals my purse steals trash." rdJB*Rlkh
D. "None but the brave deserve the fair." {G*QY%j^
3 1. It can be inferred that in regard to the accumulation of wealth the author x?r1s#88>
A. equates the rich with the thief. >SCGK_Cr2
B. indicates that there are few honest businessmen. 1n%8j*bJq
C. condones sortie dishonesty in business dealings. y' x F0
D. believes destruction of-property is good because it creates consumer demand.
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32 What is the "main question for the poor" referred to~by the author in the passages? Fu _@!K
A . the use to which the laborer can put his money. &